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Topic 6 Questions

The document contains a series of chemistry questions related to reactions, enthalpy changes, and solubility. It includes multiple-choice questions about disproportionation reactions, solubility of sulfates, and enthalpy changes for various chemical reactions. Additionally, it covers topics such as bond enthalpy, nucleophiles, and thermal decomposition of compounds.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

2 views

Topic 6 Questions

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Topic 6

7 Which of these is a disproportionation reaction? Specification Reference: 8.7, 8.8

A 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

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B 6NaOH + 3Br2 → 5NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3H2O

C 2NaOH + 2Al + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
D NaOH + CO2 → NaHCO3

(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)

FABER
8 Which of these sulfates is the least soluble in water? Specification Reference: 8.15

A CaSO4
B BaSO4
C K2SO4
D Rb2SO4
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(Total for Question 8 = 1 mark)

9 Use the data shown. Specification Reference: 6.6(ii)

CH4(g) + 2F2(g) → CF4(g) + 2H2(g) H = −858 kJ mol–1

C(s) + 2F2(g) → CF4(g) H = −933 kJ mol–1
What is the standard enthalpy change of formation of methane (CH4) in kJ mol–1?
A −1791
B −75
C +75
D +1791

(Total for Question 9 = 1 mark)

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Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

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10 Chlorine reacts with ethane to form chloroethane and hydrogen chloride.
Cl2 + C2H6 → C2H5Cl + HCl

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Bond enthalpy
Bond
/ kJ mol–1
C—Cl 346
C—H 413
Cl—Cl 243
H—Cl 432
C—C 347

What is the enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ mol–1? Specification Reference: 6.10

A −1434
B −122
C +122

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D +1434

(Total for Question 10 = 1 mark)

11 Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of bromine?

A Br2(g) → 2Br(g) Specification Reference: 6.4(v)

B Br2(l) → 2Br(g)
C ½Br2(l) → Br(g)
D ½Br2(g) → Br(g)

(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

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12 In an experiment, 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 HCl(aq) reacts with Specification Reference: 6.5
50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 NaOH(aq).
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The energy released = 2500 J.

The specific heat capacity of the mixture is 4.18 J g−1 °C−1
What temperature change occurs in the reaction?
A an increase of 6.0°C
B a decrease of 6.0°C
C an increase of 12.0°C
D a decrease of 12.0°C

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

13 Which of these species is not a nucleophile? Specification Reference: 10.4

A NH4+
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B CN−
C H 2O
Mtbe
D CH3NH2

(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.
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7
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20 This question is about compounds containing Group 2 elements.
(a) Hydrated magnesium nitrate has the formula Mg(NO3)2.xH2O.
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A student devised an experiment to determine the value of x by leaving 5.12 g of

hydrated magnesium nitrate for several hours in a warm oven. After this time, the
solid remaining had a mass of 2.97 g.
Specification Reference: 6.8
(i) State why the student used a warm oven to remove the water from the
hydrated salt, rather than direct heating with a Bunsen burner.
(1)

(ii) Use the data obtained by the student to calculate the value of x.
You must show your working. Specification Reference: 1.8
(4)
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(b) Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is a white solid used as an additive in foods.
(i) Explain, in terms of energy changes, why magnesium carbonate is insoluble in water.

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Specification Reference: 8.16 (2)

(ii) The Hess cycle and data to calculate the enthalpy change for the thermal
decomposition of MgCO3 are shown.

Mg(s) + C(s) + 1½O2(g) MgCO3(s)

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MgO(s) + CO2(g)

Compound f H / kJ mol–1
CO2(g) −394
MgO(s) −602
MgCO3(s) −1096

Calculate the enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of MgCO3 .

Specification Reference: 6.10 (2)
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3 Under certain conditions, graphite burns to form carbon monoxide.
2C(s) + O2(g) 2CO(g) H = −221 kJ mol−1
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Which of these is correct? Specification Reference: 6.4(ii - iii)

A c H (carbon) = −221 kJ mol−1

B f H (carbon monoxide) = −221 kJ mol−1
C c H (carbon) = −110.5 kJ mol−1
D f H (carbon monoxide) = −110.5 kJ mol−1

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

4 What are the strongest interactions between molecules in solid hydrogen iodide, HI?
Specification Reference: 7.5(iv)
A covalent bonds
B hydrogen bonds
C ionic bonds
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MEEEEE
D London forces

(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.
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(b) (i) Complete the equation for the combustion of butan-1-ol.
State symbols are not required.
Specification Reference: 6.11(ii) (1)

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H H H H H
H C C C C O + ......................O O ... .... ... ... ... .... .. O C O + ... ... ... ... .... ... ... H O H
H H H H

(ii) Calculate a value for the enthalpy change of combustion of butan-1-ol using
the equation in (b)(i) and the mean bond enthalpies in the table.
Specification Reference: 6.10 (3)

Bond C C C O C O C H O H O O

Mean bond enthalpy / kJ mol−1 347 358 805 413 464 498

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(iii) A data book value of the molar enthalpy change of combustion of butan-1-ol
is −2670 kJ mol−1
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Give two reasons for the difference between this value and the value
calculated in (b)(ii).
Specification Reference: 6.11 (2)

(c) Biobutanol has some advantages over bioethanol.

(i) The combustion of bioethanol releases 23 MJ dm−3 compared to petrol which
releases 32 MJ dm−3.
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Calculate the energy released in MJ dm−3 for the combustion of biobutanol.

Biofuel Formula c H / kJ mol−1 Density / g cm−3

biobutanol C4H9OH −2670 0.810

Specification Reference: 6.5(ii) (2)
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15
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(ii) Give two reasons why the presence of a small number of chlorine free radicals in the
upper atmosphere causes a large decrease in the amount of ozone.
Specification Reference: 4.18 (2)

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. . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .... ... ... . .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ........ ......................
Montag
. . .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .... ... ... . .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ........ ......................

(d) (i) Sulfur dioxide is converted into sulfur trioxide in the upper atmosphere in the
presence of ultraviolet light.

2SO2(g) + jEBs
O2(g) 2SO3(g)
Show, by use of all the relevant oxidation numbers, that this is a redox reaction.
Specification Reference: 8.7, 8.8 (2)

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(ii) Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to produce sulfuric acid.

SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq) r H = −200 kJ mol−1

Draw an enthalpy level diagram to show the enthalpy change for this reaction.
Specification Reference: 6.3 (2)

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Enthalpy

Reaction pathway

26
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SECTION A

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

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You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.

For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box .
If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer
with a cross .

1 Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of formation, f H , of

hydrogen iodide?
Specification Reference: 6.4(ii)
A H(g) + I(g) → HI(g)
B H2(g) + I2(s) → 2HI(g)
C ½H2(g) + ½I2(g) → HI(g)
D ½H2(g) + ½I2(s) → HI(g)

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

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2 When 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of concentration 2.0 mol dm−3 is added to 50 cm3 of
sodium hydroxide solution of concentration 2.0 mol dm−3, the temperature increase is 13.0 C.

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

The experiment is repeated using 25 cm3 of the same hydrochloric acid and 50 cm3 of
the same sodium hydroxide solution.

What is the temperature increase? Specification Reference: 6.5(i)

A 4.9 C
B 6.5 C
C 8.7 C
D 13.0 C DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

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3 Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = −92 kJ mol−1

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Bond Bond energy / kJ mol−1

N N 945
H H 436

What is the mean bond energy, in kJ mol−1, for the N H bond? Specification Reference: 6.9, 6.10

A 246
B 360
C 376
D 391

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

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4 How many moles of CO2 are formed when 3.0 mol of chloroethene, C2H3Cl, is mixed
with 10.0 mol of oxygen and react as shown?

2C2H3Cl + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O + 2HCl

A 3.0 Specification Reference: 1.8

B 4.0
C 6.0
D 8.0

(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)

5 Which compounds are arranged in order of decreasing boiling temperature?

A CH3CH2CH2CH3 > CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 > CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
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B CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 > (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH3 > (CH3)3CCH2CH3

C CH3CH2CH2OH > CH3CHOHCH2OH >toffee
CH2OHCHOHCH2OH
D CH3Cl > CH3Br > CH3I Specification Reference: 7.5

(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

3
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SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions.

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Write your answers in the spaces provided.

15 This question is about hydrated salts.

(a) The enthalpy change for the conversion of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4 , to
the hydrated form, CuSO4.5H2O, can be found using Hess’s Law.

r H
CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l) CuSO4.5H2O(s)
A student carried out experiments to determine the value of the enthalpy change, rH.
Known masses of anhydrous and hydrated copper(II) sulfate were dissolved separately
in water in insulated containers, and the temperature changes measured.
The results are shown in the table.

Mass Volume of water used Temperature change H soln

Compound
/g / cm3 / °C / kJ mol−1

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CuSO4.5H2O(s) 12.5 45.5 −3.0 +12.6

CuSO4(s) 8.00 50.0 +16.0

(i) State why different volumes of water are used in the two experiments.
Justify your answer.
Specification Reference: 6.11(iv) (2)

............ .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .

............ ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .

............ . .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .

........... ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .

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........... .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .

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(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of solution, H, in kJ mol−1, for the
soln
anhydrous salt, CuSO4 .
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
 Assume: heat capacity of the solution = 4.2 J g−1 °C−1 
 density of solution = 1.0 g cm−3


Specification Reference: 6.6(ii) (3)
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11
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(iii) Complete the Hess cycle by adding two arrowheads. Specification Reference: 6.6(i)
(1)

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rH
CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l) CuSO4.5H2O(s)

H(CuSO4)
soln H(CuSO4.5H2O)
soln

CuSO4(aq)

(iv) Calculate the value for the enthalpy change rH, in kJ mol−1, for the conversion of the
anhydrous salt to the hydrated salt.
Use the value from the table for solnH (CuSO4.5H2O), the value for solnH (CuSO4)
calculated in (a)(ii) and the completed Hess cycle in (a)(iii).
Specification Reference: 6.5(ii) (2)

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12
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SECTION A

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.

For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box .
If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer
with a cross .

1 The bond enthalpy for the Cl Cl bond is +243.0 kJ mol–1.

What is the enthalpy change of atomisation of chlorine in kJ mol–1?
Specification Reference: 6.4(v)
A +243.0
B –243.0
C +121.5
D –121.5

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 The standard enthalpy change of neutralisation for the reaction between

sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid is –56 kJ mol–1.
Which row in the table is correct for this neutralisation? Specification Reference: 6.2

Reaction type Temperature

A exothermic increases

B exothermic decreases
C endothermic increases
D endothermic decreases

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

3 Which of the following statements about water is not due to hydrogen bonding?
A water has a less open structure than ice Specification Reference: 7.2, 7.3

B ice cubes float in a glass of iced water

Bethea
C when water freezes its volume increases
D water is a good solvent for ionic compounds

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

2
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10 The diagram shows a reaction profile for a reversible reaction.

R  P

w
P
Energy u

v x
R
Progress of reaction

(a) Which symbol represents the enthalpy change for the reaction R → P?
Specification Reference: 6.3 (1)
A u
B v
C w
D x

(b) Which symbol represents the activation energy of the reaction P → R?

Specification Reference: 9.6 (1)
A u
B v
C w
D x

(c) Hess’s Law can be applied to this system.

Which expression is correct? Specification Reference: 6.6(i)
(1)
A v+x=u+w
B w+x=u
C u–w=v
D u–v=x

(Total for Question 10 = 3 marks)

6
*P62588A0624*
SECTION B

Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

13 Enthalpy changes of formation are often difficult to determine directly.

Some enthalpy data are shown.

Standard enthalpy change of

Compound
formation, Δf H / kJ mol–1

H2O(l) –285.8

CO2(g) –393.5

Standard enthalpy change of combustion of propane (Δc H (C3H8)) = –2219 kJ mol–1.

(a) (i) Add arrowheads and stoichiometric coefficients to the Hess’s Law diagram.
Specification Reference: 6.6(i) (1)

3C(s) + 4H2(g) C3H8(g)

. . . . . . . .. CO2(g) + ......... H2O(l)

(ii) Use the data at the start of the question and your Hess’s Law diagram to
calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of propane.
Include a sign and units in your answer.
Specification Reference: 6.6(ii) (2)

10
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(b) The values for the boiling temperatures and the standard enthalpies of
combustion of a series of straight-chain alkanes are shown in the table.

Standard enthalpy
Boiling temperature
Alkane change of combustion, Increase in Δc H / kJ mol–1
/ °C
Δc H / kJ mol–1
C2H6 –88.5 –1560 –
C3H8 –42.0 –2219 659
C4H10 –0.5 –2877 658
C5H12 36.1 –3509 632
C6H14 68.8 –4163 654
C7H16 98.4 –4817 654

(i) Explain why the increases in the values of Δc H are similar.

Specification Reference: 6.9 (2)

(ii) The increase in the value of Δc H from butane to pentane is smaller than any
other increase.

Suggest an explanation for this. Specification Reference: 6.11

(2)

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*P62588A01124* Turn over
15 (a) Silver ions have anti-microbial properties and are used in some wound dressings.
Silver nitrate can be made by warming a mixture of silver metal and
concentrated nitric acid.

Ag(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → AgNO3(aq) + NO2(g) + H2O(l)

Show, by reference to oxidation numbers, that this is a redox reaction.

Specification Reference: 8.8 (2)

BABE
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(b) Two students used different methods to determine the concentration of a

silver nitrate solution.
(i) Student A used a calorimetric method, reacting a 50.0 cm3 sample of the
solution with excess powdered zinc.

AgNO3(aq) + ½Zn(s) → ½Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Ag(s) ΔrH = –36.1 kJ mol–1

The student recorded a maximum rise in temperature of 5.2 °C.

Calculate the concentration of the silver nitrate solution in mol dm–3.
[Assume the specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.18 J g–1 °C–1 and the
density of the solution is 1.00 g cm–3.]
Specification Reference: 6.5 (3)

14
*P62588A01424*
(ii) Student B used a gravimetric method, which involved weighing a product of
a reaction.
A 50.0 cm3 sample of the same silver nitrate solution was mixed with excess
potassium bromide solution. The precipitate was filtered and weighed.

AgNO3(aq) + KBr(aq) → AgBr(s) + KNO3(aq)

The mass of the precipitate was found to be 5.96 g.

Calculate the concentration of the silver nitrate solution, in mol dm–3, from this
gravimetric method.
Specification Reference: 1.8 (2)

(iii) The students’ values were different from the data book value.
Student A’s value was lower and student B’s value was higher.
Give a possible reason for each difference.
Specification Reference: 6.8 (2)

(Total for Question 15 = 9 marks)

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11 The table shows the amount of energy released per gram when some alkanes are
burned in excess oxygen under standard conditions.

Energy released
Alkane
/ kJ g−1

methane 55.6

ethane 52.0

propane 50.4

butane 49.6

Which alkane has a standard enthalpy change of combustion of −2877 kJ mol−1?

Specification Reference: 6.4(iii)
A methane

B ethane
C propane
D butane

(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

12 The enthalpy changes for two reactions are shown.

H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l) ΔrH = −57.2 kJ mol−1
CH3COOH(aq) + OH−(aq) → CH3COO−(aq) + H2O(l) ΔrH = −56.0 kJ mol−1

What is the enthalpy change for the dissociation of CH3COOH(aq) into CH3COO−(aq)
and H+(aq) ions, in kJ mol−1? Specification Reference: 6.6(ii)

A +113.2

B +1.2
C −1.2
D −113.2

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

7
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21 This question is about ethanoic acid and some related salts.
(a) A test to confirm the presence of an aqueous acid is adding a small amount of
solid sodium carbonate to the solution.
Describe two observations you would see in this test.
Specification Reference: 8.18 (2)

. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..
MEEEE
. . . .. . . . . . ........................ .. .. .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . ............................................................................................................................ .. ... .. ... .. ... ... . . .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

(b) Sodium ethanoate is a component of reusable hand warmers.

In use, a supersaturated solution of sodium ethanoate recrystallises to form
solid hydrated sodium ethanoate, releasing energy.
CH3COONa(aq) + 3H2O(l) → CH3COONa.3H2O(s) ΔrH = −19.7 kJ mol−1
A hand warmer has a mass of 63.2 g and forms 20.1 g of
hydrated sodium ethanoate on recrystallisation.
Calculate the maximum temperature reached by the hand warmer if its initial
temperature is 5.0°C.
[Specific heat capacity of the hand warmer = 3.0 J °C−1 g−1]
Specification Reference: 6.5 (5)

18
*P67748A01828*
(c) Ammonium ethanoate, CH3COONH4(s), is used to control the pH of foods.
It can be formed by the reaction of pure ethanoic acid, CH3COOH(l), with
ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3(s).
Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction by completing the
Hess cycle and using the data shown.
Specification Reference: 6.6 (5)

Compound Enthalpy change of formation / kJ mol−1

CH3COOH(l) −484.5

(NH4)2CO3(s) −939.9

CH3COONH4(s) −586.3

CO2(g) −393.5

H2O(l) −285.8

19
*P67748A01928* Turn over
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.
For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box . If you change
your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 Which is the correctly labelled reaction profile for an exothermic reaction?

Specification Reference: 6.3

Enthalpy
Ea
Reactants
A
∆H
Products

Reaction pathway

Enthalpy
∆H
Reactants
B
Ea
Products

Reaction pathway

Enthalpy
Ea
Products
C
∆H
Reactants

Reaction pathway

Enthalpy
∆H
Products
D
Ea
Reactants

Reaction pathway

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2
*P64624A0228*
2 The equation for a reaction is
2C(s) + O2(g) 2CO(g)
Which is the correct symbol for the enthalpy change for this reaction?

A ∆atH Specification Reference: 6.4(i)

B ∆cH
C ∆fH

D ∆rH

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

3 The graph shows how the concentration of iodine changes with time in a reaction.
0.30

0.25

0.20

[I2] 0.15
/ mol dm–3
0.10

0.05

0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Maf a
Time / s

What is the value for the rate of reaction, in mol dm−3 s−1, at 8 seconds?
Specification Reference: 9.3(ii)
A 0.01

B 0.02
C 0.03
D 0.25

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

3
*P64624A0328* Turn over
19 Magnesium reacts with sulfuric acid in an exothermic reaction.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction.
Include state symbols in your answer.
Specification Reference: 1.12 (2)

(b) A student carried out an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of

the reaction.
A sample of 0.50 g of magnesium powder was added to
25 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm−3 sulfuric acid.
Calculate the number of moles of magnesium and of sulfuric acid that reacted.
Justify your answer.
Specification Reference: 1.8 (3)

15
*P64624A01528* Turn over
(c) (i) The results obtained are given in the table.
Plot the results on the grid.
Specification Reference: 6.8 (2)

Time Temperature
/ minutes / °C
0 22.2
1 22.0
2 22.0 Mg added
3 39.6
4 41.8
5 40.8
6 40.2
7 39.4
8 38.6

16
*P64624A01628*
(ii) Use your graph to determine the maximum change in temperature.
You must show your working on the graph.
Specification Reference: 6.8 (2)

∆T = ................... ... .. .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ..
(d) Calculate the standard molar enthalpy change for the reaction, using your
answers to (b) and (c)(ii).
Include a sign and units in your answer.
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.18 J g–1 °C–1]
Specification Reference: 6.5 (4)

(Total for Question 19 = 13 marks)

17
*P64624A01728* Turn over
(ii) The standard enthalpy change of formation for phosgene is
∆ f H = –220.1 kJ mol–1.
Complete the Hess cycle and determine the standard enthalpy change of
formation for carbon monoxide. Use the data from (b)(i).
Include state symbols in your cycle.
Specification Reference: 6.6 (4)
CO(g) + Cl2(g) COCl2(g)

24
*P64624A02428*
SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
19 This question is about enthalpy changes.
(a) An experiment was carried out to determine the enthalpy change of combustion
for ethanol.

C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) ® 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

1.19 g of ethanol was burned in a spirit burner. The heat energy from this
combustion raised the temperature of 100 g of water from 21.6 °C to 63.9 °C.
(i) Calculate the number of moles of ethanol in 1.19 g.
[ Molar mass of ethanol = 46.0 g mol−1 ] Specification Reference: 1.8, 6.5
(1)

(ii) Calculate the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 100 g of water
from 21.6 °C to 63.9 °C.
[ Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g−1 °C −1 ]
Specification Reference: 6.5(i)
(2)

10
*P67128A01028* 
(iii) Use your answers to (a) (i) and (ii) to calculate a value for the
enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures
and include a sign and units.
Specification Reference: 6.5(ii) (3)

(iv) The value of the enthalpy change of combustion from this experiment was
very inaccurate.
Give two reasons why this value was so inaccurate, apart from heat loss.
Specification Reference: 6.8 (2)

11
 *P67128A01128* Turn over
(b) Mean bond enthalpies can be used to calculate a value for the enthalpy change of
combustion of a compound.
(i) Give the meaning of the term ‘mean bond enthalpy’.
Specification Reference: 6.9 (2)

(ii) Calculate a value for the enthalpy change of combustion of methanol, using
the information in the table and the equation shown.
Specification Reference: 6.10 (3)
CH3OH + 1½O2 ® CO2 + 2H2O

C–H C–O O–H O=O C=O

Mean bond enthalpy

413 358 464 498 805
/ kJ mol−1

12
*P67128A01228* 
(c) Enthalpy changes of combustion can be used to calculate the enthalpy change of
formation of a compound.

Standard enthalpy change of combustion,

Substance
∆c H / kJ mol−1

C(s,graphite) –394

H2(g) –286

CH3CHO(g) –1167

Complete the Hess cycle and use it to calculate the standard enthalpy change of
formation for ethanal, CH3CHO.
Specification Reference: 6.6 (3)

2C(s, graphite) + 2H2(g) + ½O2(g) ® CH3CHO(g)

(Total for Question 19 = 16 marks)

13
 *P67128A01328* Turn over
SECTION A

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.

For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box . If you change
your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 Which are correct for the reaction shown? Specification Reference: 6.2, 6,4

CH3COOH + KOH → CH3COO−K+ + H2O ΔH = –55.8 kJ mol−1

Type of reaction Type of enthalpy change

A endothermic formation

B endothermic neutralisation
C exothermic formation
D exothermic neutralisation

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 Which equation does not represent a standard enthalpy change of atomisation?

Specification Reference: 6.4(v)
A Mg(s) → Mg(g)

B Cl2(g) → 2Cl(g)
C ½O2(g) → O(g)

D Hg(l) → Hg(g)

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

2
*P69501A0228* 
3 5.20 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate is added to an excess of acid.

The temperature increases and the energy change is calculated to be 1030 J.

What is the enthalpy change per mole of sodium hydrogencarbonate?

[Mr NaHCO3 = 84.0] Specification Reference: 6.5

A –12.3 kJ mol−1
B –16.6 kJ mol−1

C –63.8 kJ mol−1
D –16 600 kJ mol−1

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

4 The equation for the complete combustion of methanal is shown.

C + O O → O C O + O ΔH = –591 kJ mol−1
H H H H

Some bond enthalpy data are shown.

Bond Bond enthalpy / kJ mol−1

C H 413

O O 498

C O in CO2 805

O H 464

What is the C O bond enthalpy in methanal? Specification Reference: 6.10

A 623 kJ mol−1

B 678 kJ mol−1
C 805 kJ mol−1
D 1036 kJ mol−1

(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)

3
 *P69501A0328* Turn over
21 Enthalpy changes of combustion can be determined using calorimetry or calculated
using Hess cycles. Apparatus for a calorimetry experiment is shown.

thermometer

beaker
75 g water

spirit burner
2-methylpropan-2-ol

A sample of 2-methylpropan-2-ol was burned in a spirit burner and used to heat

75 g of water. The results are shown.

At the start At the end Change

Mass of spirit burner / g 267.35 266.78

Temperature of water / °C 19.5 65.3

(a) (i) Complete the table. Specification Reference: 6.7

(1)
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion, Δc H, of 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
Give a sign and units in your answer.
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g−1 °C−1 ]
Specification Reference: 6.5 (4)

12
*P69501A01228* 
(b) The standard enthalpy change of combustion, Δc H d , can be calculated using
standard enthalpy changes of formation.

Compound ∆ f H d / kJ mol−1

2-methylpropan-2-ol –359

carbon dioxide –394

water –286

(i) State why no ∆ f H d value has been given for oxygen.

Specification Reference: 6.4(ii) (1)

(ii) Complete the Hess cycle. Specification Reference: 6.6(i)

C4H10O(l) + ...................... O2(g) ...................... CO2(g) + ...................... H2O(l)

4C(s, graphite) + ...................... + ......................

(2)
(iii) Calculate the standard enthalpy change of combustion of
2-methylpropan-2-ol using the data in the table and the completed
Hess cycle. Specification Reference: 6.6(ii)
(2)

13
 *P69501A01328* Turn over
(c) The value for Δc H obtained in part (a)(ii) is much less exothermic than Δc H d
calculated in (b)(iii).
Suggest two reasons for this other than non-standard conditions.
Specification Reference: 6.8 (2)

(Total for Question 21 = 12 marks)

14
*P69501A01428* 
SECTION A
Answer ALL the questions in this section.
You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.
For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box . If you change
your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH d , for
aluminium oxide?
Specification Reference: 6.4(ii)
A 2Al(s) + 1½O2(g) → Al2O3(s)
B 2Al(s) + 3O(g) → Al2O3(s)

C 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)

D 4Al(s) + 6O(g) → 2Al2O3(s)

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 How does an oxidising agent change during a redox reaction?

Specification Reference: 8.6

Electrons Oxidation number

A gains electrons decreases

B gains electrons increases

C loses electrons decreases

D loses electrons increases

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

BARBEE
3 Which of these compounds would be expected to have the
highest boiling temperature?
Specification Reference: 7.5(i - iii)

A (CH3)3COH
B CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
C CH3CH2CH(CH3)2

D CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

2
*P70965A0228* 
SECTION C
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
18
Fuels
Fuels burn in oxygen to release a lot of energy.
Many hydrocarbons and alcohols are used as fuels. During complete combustion,
they produce carbon dioxide and water.
Petrol contains 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, an isomer of octane, that promotes
smooth combustion.

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

Alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, can be used as fuels either on their own or
as additives in petrol.

(a) The standard enthalpy change of combustion, ΔcH d , of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

is −5461 kJ mol−1 .
(i) State the two standard conditions for this enthalpy change.
Specification Reference: 6.1 (1)

(ii) Write the equation for the complete combustion of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane,

using molecular formulae.
State symbols are not required.
Specification Reference: 4.17(i) (2)

22
*P70965A02228* 
(iii) Draw a labelled enthalpy level diagram for the complete combustion of
2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
Specification Reference: 6.3 (2)

(iv) Calculate the heat energy released during the complete combustion of
1 dm3 of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
[Density of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane = 0.692 g cm−3 ]
Specification Reference: 6.5 (3)

23
 *P70965A02328* Turn over
(b) In an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of combustion of
ethanol, C2H5OH, a student used the apparatus shown.

thermometer

beaker
clamp

water

wick burner

ethanol

Results:
Mass of water = 100.0 g
Mass of ethanol used = 0.305 g
Temperature rise of water = 13.2 °C
(i) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures, and include
a sign and units.
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g−1 °C−1 ]
Specification Reference: 6.5 (4)

24
*P70965A02428* 
(ii) The uncertainty in each thermometer reading is ±0.05 °C.
Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the temperature rise in
this experiment.
Specification Reference: 6.8 (1)

(iii) The student looked in a data book and found the actual value for the
standard enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol was more exothermic
than the experimental value obtained.
Give two reasons for the difference between the data book value and the
experimental value, other than referring to standard conditions.
Specification Reference: 6.8 (2)

25
 *P70965A02528* Turn over
(c) The enthalpy changes for the conversion of four compounds in the gas phase into
their constituent atoms are shown.
H2O(g) → 2H(g) + O(g) ΔrH = +928 kJ mol−1
CH4(g) → C(g) + 4H(g) ΔrH = +1740 kJ mol−1
CH3OH(g) → C(g) + 4H(g) + O(g) ΔrH = +2105 kJ mol−1
C2H5OH(g) → 2C(g) + 6H(g) + O(g) ΔrH = +3322 kJ mol−1
Calculate the bond enthalpy of the C C bond, in kJ mol−1 .
You must show your working.
Specification Reference: 6.10 (3)

26
*P70965A02628* 

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