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The report discusses the application of vector calculus in engineering, particularly focusing on concepts like flux, divergence, and curl. It highlights real-life applications of vectors, such as in kinematics and the motion of objects, including velocity and acceleration vectors. The document concludes with references to relevant literature in applied engineering analysis.

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Bhuvan. N
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7 views12 pages

maths el 2

The report discusses the application of vector calculus in engineering, particularly focusing on concepts like flux, divergence, and curl. It highlights real-life applications of vectors, such as in kinematics and the motion of objects, including velocity and acceleration vectors. The document concludes with references to relevant literature in applied engineering analysis.

Uploaded by

Bhuvan. N
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RV College world
of
Engineering TITLE

Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment requirements of the Experiential Learning Component of

MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS (21MA11)

By
BHUVAN.N(RVCE21BCV042)
SHEIK MOHAMMAD MUZZAMIL(RVCE21BCV055)
PIYUSH PRATAP SINGH(RVCE21BCV045)
GANESH PATIL R(RVCE21BCV048)

Under the Guidance of


Dr. RAVI KM

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
RV Vidyaniketan Post, Mysore Road, Bengaluru – 560 059
Table of Content

1. Abstract i

2. Introduction 1

3. Terms in kinematics

4. Gradient, Divergence and Curl

5. Applications of Vector Calculus in Engineering Analysis

6. Application in the Kinematics of Projectiles

7. Conclusion

8. References
Abstract
A major reason to study vector functions over a surface is to measure flux. Flux is
an important concept in electricity and magnetism. An intuitive way to visualize
flux is the passage of a fluid through a membrane. The divergence and curl are two
of the most important operators in vector calculus. One way of presenting them is
to define them in terms of mathematical formulas. The line integral of a vector
field over a path gives the tendency of the vector field to follow that path. This is
often called the circulation of the vector field along the path. A positive circulation
indicates the movement with the direction of the vector field.
1. Introduction
HOW ARE VECTORS USED IN REAL LIFE?

Vectors have many real-life applications, including situations involving


force or velocity. For example, consider the forces acting on a boat crossing
a river. The boat’s motor generates a force in one direction, and the current
of the river generates a force in another direction. Both forces are vectors.
Where vectors would be used in the real world? Vectors can be used in
softball to measure hits as well as pitches. When a ball is hit to the outfield,
it has direction, speed, and distance. The speed and direction of pitches can
also be measured using vectors.
 One example of vector application in daily life:

How do pilots use vectors?

When flying, the pilot needs to know the aircraft’s speed and
direction. Vectors are represented on a graph using a line segment
drawn to scale to show the magnitude (in this case the aircraft’s
speed). An arrow is placed at the terminal point to indicate the
direction of the course.

2. TERMS IN KINEMATICS:

VELOCITY VECTOR:
• The vector obtained by dividing the displacement ∆r by ∆t is the
average velocity, which has the same direction as the displacement ∆r .
The velocity vector at a moment t is defined as the limit of the average
velocity, when the time interval ∆t , approaches zero, starting at time t.
• v=lim∆t→0∆r/∆t=dr/dt
• Since the rectangular components of the displacement
vector ∆r are ∆x , ∆y and ∆z , then the velocity vector is equal to
• v=xˆı+yˆJ+zˆk

ACCELERATION VECTOR:
In addition to obtaining the displacement and velocity vectors of an
object in motion, we often want to know its acceleration vector at any
point in time along its trajectory. This acceleration vector is the
instantaneous acceleration and it can be obtained from the derivative
with respect to time of the velocity function, as we have seen in a
previous chapter. The only difference in two or three dimensions is that
these are now vector quantities. Taking the derivative with respect to
time v⃗ v→(t), we find a⃗ (t)=dvx(t)/dti^+dvy(t)/dtj^+dvz(t)/dtk^

RELATIVE VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION:

position vectors 𝑟1 (𝑡) and 𝑟2 (𝑡) at time t, so that 𝑟𝑡 = 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑟2 𝑡 − 𝑟1


Let two particles P and Q moving along the curves C1 and C2 have

(𝑡) Differentiating w. r. to t, 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑟 2 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑑𝑟 1 𝑑𝑡 … (1) This


defines the relative velocity of Q w. r. t. P and states that the velocity of

differentiating (1) w. r. to t., we have 𝑑 2 𝑟𝑑𝑡 2 = 𝑑 2 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑡 2 − 𝑑 2 𝑟 1


Q relative to P = Velocity vector of Q – Velocity vector of P. Again

𝑑𝑡 2 This defines the relative acceleration of Q w. r. t. and states that


Acceleration of Q relative to P = Acceleration of Q – Acceleration of P.
REFERENCES:

BASED ON THE BOOK OF” APPLIED ENGINEERING ANALYSIS”,BY TAI-RAN


HSU,PUBLISHED BY JOHN WILLEY AND SONS,2018

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