A. blighthood B. righthood C. knighthood D.

head gear
59. He had hurt his __nee.
A. knelt B. belt C. knee C. cnee

60. The COVID 19 pandemic has led to hospitalized patients with viral __neumonia.
A. kneemonia B. pneumonia C. Tsneumonia D. none of these

Subject: Communicative English Notes - Module 3 Subject Code: 22ENG16

PARTS OF SPEECH
part of speech function or "job" example words example sentences

Verb action or state be, have, do, go, work, Cheetah is an animal.
think, can, will Cheetah runs fast.

Noun thing or person or place table, dog, thought, This is my table.

music, city, Bangalore, I have some work in Bangalore.
professor, Ravi, Usha

Adjective describes a noun good, big, red, well, The sky is blue.
interesting, British

Adverb describes a verb, fast, silently, well, I work fast.

adjective or another badly, very, really The work is going on smoothly.
adverb

Pronoun replaces a noun I, you, he, she, they, Arvind is a manager. He works for
someone an MNC.

Preposition relates a noun to another from, to, at, after, on, We went to Mysore on Wednesday.
word but, above, below

Conjunction joins clauses or and, but, when, so, I like coffee and snacks.
sentences or words because I like coffee, but I don’t like soft
drinks.

Interjection short exclamation, oh!, ouch!, hi!, wow! Ouch! That hurts!
sometimes inserted into a Wow! The art work is superb.
sentence

Types of Nouns

Common noun- indicates the generalized names of people, places, things, and animals.
Boy, girl, mountain, tree, dog, pen, gate, city, park, crow, etc.
Proper noun- indicates the name of a particular person, place, thing, or an animal.
The Himalayas, The Ganges, India, The Taj Mahal, John, Rita, The USA, etc.

Material noun- indicates substances and materials that we can see and touch.
Gold, Silver, coal, rock, water, sunlight, leather, wood, sand, air, etc.
Abstract noun- indicates feelings, qualities, ideas, and concepts that we cannot identify with the help of
our senses.
Beauty, goodness, old-age, childhood, honesty, truth, wisdom, bravery, sadness, happiness, etc.

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Collective noun- indicates the group or collection of people, things and animals as a whole.
Class of students, a bar of chocolate, pile of leaves, bouquet of roses, bunch of keys, team of
players, band of musicians, pride of lions, herd of elephants, gaggle of geese etc.

Cases of a noun

The nominative case: marks the subject of a verb. Ex. The table bears the load.
The objective case: serving as the object of a transitive verb or a preposition. Ex. They clean the table.
The possessive case: denotes owner ship. Ex. It is Usha’s car.
The Vocative Case: used for the sake of address. Ex. Hasan, you must do your duty!

Types of Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronoun: points to specific objects

Eg. That is a good idea.
Relative pronoun: introduces relative clauses
Eg. He went to the school that my father went to.
We don’t know the person who donated this money.
Reflexive pronoun: when the subject and the object refer to the same person.
Eg. She blamed herself.
Emphatic pronoun: puts an emphasis on the subject.
Ex. She will do the work herself.

Articles:

Each student was given a book.

A book can be our good friend.
Write it in the book given to you.
Take away the books lying on the table.
He said that X books can be our good friends.
The sugar in the box is good.
We should avoid X sugar after certain age.

General Rules for using articles:

Use "a" or "an" with a singular count noun when you mean "one of many," "any," "in general."
• Bob is a student (one of many students).
• I like a good movie (any good movie).
Use "the" with any noun when the meaning is specific; for example, when the noun names the only one
(or one) of a kind.
• Adam was the first man (the only 'first man').
• New York is the largest city in the United States (only one city can be 'the largest').
• We live on the earth (the only Earth we know).
• Have you heard the news (specific news)?
Do use ‘the’ before:

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 • names of rivers, oceans and seas: the Nile, the Pacific
• points on the globe: the Equator, the North Pole
• geographical areas: the Middle East, the West
• deserts, forests, gulfs, and peninsulas: the Sahara, the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest, the
IberianPeninsula

Don't Use "a," "an," or "the" with a non-count noun when you mean "any," "in general."
• We believe in love (in general).
• He gave me information (not specific).
Some common types of nouns that don't take an article are:
• Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian (unless you are
referring to the population of the nation: "The Spanish are known for their warm
hospitality.")
• Names of sports: volleyball, hockey, baseball
• Names of academic subjects: mathematics, biology, history, computer science

Question Tags
Question tags turn a statement into a question. They are often used for checking information that we think
we know is true. Tag questions are made using an auxiliary verb and a subject pronoun (such as: I, you, she).
Negative question tags are usually contracted.
As a general rule, if the main clause is positive, the question tag is negative, and if the main clause is
negative, it's positive.
Examples:
He can finish it fast, can’t he?
They have not been at the hall yet, have they?
Rita must attend the function, mustn’t she?
I am experienced, aren’t I?
Let’s go out for dinner today, shall we?
There is a shoe post office nearby, isn’t there?
Ravi knows it, doesn’t he?
She attended the meeting, didn’t she?
Come on in, won’t you?
Help me arrange the books, can you?
Wait for a minute, would you?
Don’t be very fast, will you?
Don’t get upset, will you?

Question Bank for module 3

1. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: I always go to the park on the weekends.
A. noun B. adjective C. verb D. adverb
2. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: On cold winter days, I love to have a cup of hot
chocolate.
A. adverb B. adjective C. verb D. pronoun
3. Dinosaurs were very large, and they lived millions of years ago.
A. noun B. verb C. adjective D. preposition
4. Those flowers are very beautiful. How much do they cost?
A. adjective B. verb C. conjunction D. preposition
5. Stewart can speak Arabic very well because he lived in Egypt for a year.
A. verb B. adjective C. adverb D. conjunction
6. Majority of staff members were not satisfied with the new director. (Which word is a compound
noun?)
A. director B. staff members C. new D. majority
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7. I want to see justice served. (Which word is an abstract noun?)
A. I B. seen C. want D. justice
8. Alice’s father is a surgeon; he mostly does not have time to spend with his family. (Which word is
a singular possessive noun?)
A. surgeon B. time C. family D. Alice’s
9. Australian government will bring together anti-terror laws. (Which word is a nominative noun?)
A. bring B. Australian C. anti-terror D. government
10. They discussed the problems, but could not find the solution. (Which word is a uncountable noun?)
A. could not B. find C. solution D. discussed

Choose whether the underlined nouns are common, proper, collective or abstract:
11. Honesty is the best policy. A. common B. proper C. collective D. abstract
12. Solomon was famous for his wisdom. A. common B. proper C. collective D. abstract
13. James is a bright student. A. common B. proper C. collective D. abstract
14. My family lives in that house. A. common B. proper C. collective D. abstract
15. A committee of five was appointed. A. common B. proper C. collective D. abstract
16. “Our blessings come from above.” The underlined word is
A. noun B. pronoun C. verb D. adverb
17. Which of the following noun is generally used as plural form?
A. Economics B. Furniture C. public d. news
18. “None but the brave deserve the best.” The underlined word is
A. preposition B. noun C. conjunction D. verb
19. The abstract noun of the verb “Go” is
A. Goit B. Glutton C. gone D. go
20. A _____ of birds flew high in the sky.
A. group B. pack C. flock D. none of these
21. They saw a________ of lions in the zoo.
A. school B. herd C. troop D. none of these
22. The farmer has a_______ of cattle on his farm.
A. troop B. school C. herd D. none of these
23. He ate a________ of grapes today.
A. chunk B. bar C. bunch D. none of these
24. The big_______ of fish would be arriving soon.
A. troop B. group C. school None of these
25. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: Against all odds, she won.
A. verb B. pronoun C. preposition D. conjunction
26. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: I will do it myself.
A. Demonstrative pronoun B. Relative pronoun
c. Reflexive pronoun D. Emphatic pronoun
27. Which is your book?
A. adjective B. pronoun C. adverb D. preposition
28. He looks as stupid as ______ owl.
A. a B. an C. the D. zero article
29. Honest men speak _______ truth.
A. a B. an C. the D. zero article
30. I first met him _______ year ago.
A. a B. an C. the D. zero article
31. He returned after _____ hour.
A. a B. an C. the D. zero article
32. This is _____ best book of elementary chemistry.
A. a B. an C. the D. zero article
33. I need ______ milk for this recipe.
A. a B. an C. the D. zero article

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34. Ravi is _______ honourable man.
A. a B. an C. the D. zero article
35. ______ sun rises in ______ east and sets in _______ west.
A. a, a, a B. an, an, an C. the, the, the D. a, an, the
36. _____ woman was seen pushing the car along the street.
A. a B. an C. the D. zero article
37. I go to ____ school every morning.
A. no article B. the C. a D. an

Choose the suitable prepositions.

38. My parents live _______ New Zealand now.
A. in B. to C. live D. now
39. We sleep _____ the open sky.
A. under B. below C. in D. on
40 Our friends in the apartment ______ us are really noisy.
A. over B. below C. above D. inside
41. I am planning to meet all my friends ______ these holidays.
A. on B. within C. during D. over
42. I was waiting ______ the bus stop.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
43. There are two students _______ the class.
A. next B. in C. on D. front
44. The oranges are not in the basket. They are _______ the table.
A. in B. between C. on D. next
45. My pencil is ______ the books and the notebooks.
A. between B. inside C. outside D. above
46. He rushed ______ my room, panting for breath.
A. onto B. into C. with D. by
47. My son is afraid _____ the drak.
A. for B. from C. of D. off
48. The girl almost fell ______ the river.
A. on B. in C. across D. by
49. Maria is married _____my cousin.
A. for B. with C. to D. by
50. I haven’t smoked ______ ages.
A. to B. from C. for D. by
51. This is a matter ______ little importance.
A. in B. for C. of D. by
52. He has not recovered ________ his illness.
A. by B. with C. in D. from
53. The burglar jumped _______ the compound wall.
A. over B. by C. in D. to
54. He died ______ his country.
A. from B. with C. by D. for
55. The river flows ________ the bridge.
A. in B. with C. under D. above
56. They live _____ their means.
A. over B. above C. across D. through
57. The child ran ______ the road.
A. over B. above C. across D. through
58. I prefer tea ______ coffee.
A. than B. then C. to D. for
59. Government should deal ______ the issue intelligently.

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 A. for B. to C. by D. with
60. He ate apple _____ mango.
A. beside B. besides C. to D. for
61. As I approached ______ him, he turned and walked away.
A. to B. by C. beside D. no preposition needed
62. Woman is looking _____ her diamond ring.
A. to B. at C. in D. inside.

Choose the correct question tag.

63. I’m right, ______
A. amn’t I? B. am not I? C. aren’t I ? D. don’t I?
64. We shouldn’t be late, ______
A. shouldn’t we? B. will we? C. should we? D. won’t we?
65. Nobody called, _______
A. do they? B. didn’t they? C. did they? D. do not they?
66. We must lock the door, _______
A. mustn’t they? B. shouldn’t we? C. mustn’t we? D. do they?
67. So you bought a car, ______
A. did you? B. haven’t you? C. weren’t you? D. don’t I?
68. You wouldn’t like to invite my Dad, _____
A. did you? B. would you? C. won’t you? D. don’t you?
69. We won’t be late, ________
A. won’t we? B. will we? C. are we? D. don’t we?
70. Let us go to the confectionary shop to buy the eateries, _______?
A. shall we B. shan’t we C. should we D. shouldn’t we
71 He painted the wall, _______
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he
Select a single word from the options which can be substituted for the given sentence.
72. A woman who never gets married.
A. Bachelor B. Celibate C. Spinster D. Monk
73. Killing one’s father is called
A. Matricide B. Genocide C. Patricide D. Sororicide
74. Someone who is interested in the welfare of women
A. Effeminate B. Feminist C. Misogyny C. Feminine
75. An animal story with a moral is called
A. Anecdote B. Tale C. Fable D. Yarn
76. Someone who compiles a dictionary
A. Lexicographer B. Calligrapher C. Lithographer D. Demographer
77. One who fully depends on others_____
A. Parasite B. Novice C. Precipice D. Mastyr
78. Doing harmsecretly
A. Insidious B. Insipid C. Intractable D. Inviolable
79. Incapable of being read
A. eligible B. illegible C. obsolete D. obsolescent
80. A lady’s purse
A. parasol B. pantomime C. reticule D. vestibule
81. A lover of mankind
A. philanthropist B. misanthropist C. philogynist D. Misogynist
One who believes in the power of fate is _____
A. fatalist B. optimist C. pessimist D. passimonious
82. One who knows many languages
A. linguist B. emigrant C. omnipotent D. fatalist
83. A person walking and not using vehicle

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 A. pedestrian B. patriot C. pessimist D. usurer
84. Synonym of Sterile
A. Dry B. Barren C. Childress D. Arid
85. Synonym of Prohibit
A. prescribe B. forfeit C. forbid D. provide
86. Synonym of synopsis
A. index B. mixture C. summary D. puzzle
87. Synonym of annihilate
A. destroy B. entrain C. forward D. testify
88. Antonym of rarely
A. hardly B. definitely C. frequently D. absolutely
89. Antonym of severe
A. soft B. mild C. weak D. strong
90. Antonym of rigid
A. hard B. toxic C. flexible D. strong
91. Antonym of authentic
A. fake B. unfaithful C. harmful D. improper
92. Synonym of the word effluent
A. abundant B. waste C. costly D. full
93. Synonym of the word massive
A. lump sum B. strong C. little D. huge
94. Antonym of the word hostile
A. innocent B. friendly C. lazy D. crazy
95. Antonym of the word fresh
A. stale B. stole C. steal D. steel
96. Select the right word which means “something huge”
A. collusion B. behemoth C. trivial D. piety
97. Antonym of the word “Intrepid”
A. cowardly B. courageous C. fearful D. timid
98. Find the word which has the same meaning as “cleave”
A. big B. cut C. little D. green
99. What is another word for “precarious”?
A. secure B. exalted C. uncertain D. important

Subject: Communicative English Notes - Module 4 Subject Code: 22ENG16

Suffix: added at the end of a word to form a new word or change the meaning.
Eg.: In the word “greatly”, “-ly” is the prefix. In the word “creation”, “-tion” is the prefix.
Prefix: added to the beginning of a word to change the meaning or make a new word:
Eg. :In the words "unknown" and "unusual," "un-" is a prefix.

Common Prefixes
Prefix Definition Examples
anti- against antinational
de- down, reverse devalue, decode
dis- not; opposite of disregard
fore- first in place, toward the front foreshadow, forearm
inter- between intercity
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