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Class 9 Notes_ Lines and Angles

The document provides an overview of lines and angles, defining basic terms such as line, line segment, ray, and angle, along with various types of angles including acute, right, obtuse, straight, reflex, and complete angles. It discusses angle pairs, properties of angles formed by intersecting lines and parallel lines with a transversal, and includes important theorems related to these concepts. Additionally, it covers the triangle angle sum property and the exterior angle property of a triangle, offering practice tips for solving geometry problems.

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tandaleomkar48
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8 views

Class 9 Notes_ Lines and Angles

The document provides an overview of lines and angles, defining basic terms such as line, line segment, ray, and angle, along with various types of angles including acute, right, obtuse, straight, reflex, and complete angles. It discusses angle pairs, properties of angles formed by intersecting lines and parallel lines with a transversal, and includes important theorems related to these concepts. Additionally, it covers the triangle angle sum property and the exterior angle property of a triangle, offering practice tips for solving geometry problems.

Uploaded by

tandaleomkar48
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 9 Notes: Lines and Angles

1. Basic Terms

●​ Line: A straight path extending infinitely in both directions with no endpoints.


●​ Line Segment: A part of a line with two endpoints.
●​ Ray: A part of a line with one endpoint, extending infinitely in one direction.
●​ Angle: Formed when two rays meet at a common endpoint (called the vertex).

2. Types of Angles

●​ Acute Angle: Measures between 0∘0^\circ0∘ and 90∘90^\circ90∘.


●​ Right Angle: Measures exactly 90∘90^\circ90∘.
●​ Obtuse Angle: Measures between 90∘90^\circ90∘ and 180∘180^\circ180∘.
●​ Straight Angle: Measures exactly 180∘180^\circ180∘.
●​ Reflex Angle: Measures between 180∘180^\circ180∘ and 360∘360^\circ360∘.
●​ Complete Angle: Measures exactly 360∘360^\circ360∘.

3. Angle Pairs

●​ Complementary Angles: Two angles whose sum is 90∘90^\circ90∘.


○​ Example: 30∘+60∘=90∘30^\circ + 60^\circ = 90^\circ30∘+60∘=90∘.
●​ Supplementary Angles: Two angles whose sum is 180∘180^\circ180∘.
○​ Example: 120∘+60∘=180∘120^\circ + 60^\circ = 180^\circ120∘+60∘=180∘.
●​ Adjacent Angles: Two angles with a common arm and a common vertex but no overlap.
●​ Linear Pair: A pair of adjacent angles that form a straight line, adding up to
180∘180^\circ180∘.
●​ Vertically Opposite Angles: When two lines intersect, the opposite angles formed are
equal.

4. Properties of Angles

1.​ When two lines intersect:


○​ Vertically opposite angles are equal.
2.​ Parallel Lines and a Transversal: When a transversal intersects two parallel lines,
several angle relationships are formed:
○​ Corresponding Angles: Angles in the same position on the parallel lines and
are equal.
■​ Example: ∠1=∠5\angle 1 = \angle 5∠1=∠5, ∠2=∠6\angle 2 = \angle
6∠2=∠6.
○​ Alternate Interior Angles: Angles on opposite sides of the transversal, inside
the parallel lines, and are equal.
■​ Example: ∠3=∠5\angle 3 = \angle 5∠3=∠5, ∠4=∠6\angle 4 = \angle
6∠4=∠6.
○​ Alternate Exterior Angles: Angles on opposite sides of the transversal, outside
the parallel lines, and are equal.
■​ Example: ∠1=∠7\angle 1 = \angle 7∠1=∠7, ∠2=∠8\angle 2 = \angle
8∠2=∠8.
○​ Co-interior Angles (Consecutive Interior Angles): Angles on the same side of
the transversal, inside the parallel lines, and their sum is 180∘180^\circ180∘.
■​ Example: ∠3+∠6=180∘\angle 3 + \angle 6 = 180^\circ∠3+∠6=180∘.

5. Important Theorems

1.​ If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then:


○​ Corresponding angles are equal.
○​ Alternate interior angles are equal.
○​ Co-interior angles are supplementary.
2.​ If two lines are intersected by a transversal such that:
○​ A pair of corresponding angles are equal, or
○​ A pair of alternate interior angles are equal, or
○​ A pair of co-interior angles are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.

6. Triangle Angle Sum Property

●​ Theorem: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180∘180^\circ180∘.


○​ Example: For △ABC\triangle ABC△ABC, if ∠A=50∘\angle A = 50^\circ∠A=50∘
and ∠B=60∘\angle B = 60^\circ∠B=60∘, then ∠C=70∘\angle C =
70^\circ∠C=70∘ (since 50∘+60∘+70∘=180∘50^\circ + 60^\circ + 70^\circ =
180^\circ50∘+60∘+70∘=180∘).

7. Exterior Angle Property of a Triangle

●​ Theorem: The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its two opposite interior angles.
○​ Example: If an exterior angle is 120∘120^\circ120∘ and one opposite interior
angle is 70∘70^\circ70∘, the other opposite interior angle is 50∘50^\circ50∘.

8. Parallel Lines and Transversal Applications

●​ In geometry problems: Identify angle relationships to solve for unknown angles in


figures involving parallel lines and transversals.

Practice Tip

●​ Draw diagrams and label angles when solving problems to easily identify relationships.
●​ Practice using properties of parallel lines and angle sum properties to become
comfortable with angle calculations.

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