Admas University

Department of Computer Science

Individual Assignment: Introduction to Emerging Technology (EmTe1102)
Answer the following question briefly
1. What is Data, information, knowledge and data Science? Define the role of data
in emerging technology?
Data is facts of the world. Data represents a fact or statement of an event
without relation to other things. Data comes in many forms, such as web
pages, sensors, devices, audio, video, networks, log files, social media,
transactional applications, and much more. Most of these data are
generated in real time and on a very large-scale. Although it is generally
alphanumeric (text, numbers, and symbols), it can consist of images or
sound. Data consists of raw facts and figures. It does not have any
meaning until it is processed. For example, financial transactions, age,
temperature, and the number of steps from my house to my office are
simply numbers. The information appears when we work with those
numbers and we can find value and meaning.

Information can be considered as an aggregation of data. Information has

usually got some meaning and purpose. The information can help us to
make decisions easier. After processing the data, we can get the
information within a context in order to give proper meaning. In computer
jargon, a relational database makes information from the data stored within
it.
Knowledge is information with meaning. Knowledge happens only when
human experience and insight is applied to data and information. We can
talk about knowledge when the data and the information turn into a set of
rules to assist the decisions. In fact, we can't store knowledge because it
implies the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. The ultimate
purpose of knowledge is for value creation.

 Data science - is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods,

processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from
noisy, structured and unstructured data, and apply knowledge and
actionable insights from data across a broad range of application domains.
Define the role of data in emerging technology?

Whether it's the ability to reduce air pollution by measuring traffic patterns,
tracking a supply chain between companies and across borders, or the
tapping into intelligent systems to unlock actionable insights and personal
benefits, data is impacting every aspect of our economy, businesses, and
personal lives.

2. List and explain some emerging technologies that are expected to have a
significant impact on businesses.
 Internet of Things (IoT): IoT refers to a network of interconnected physical
devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors,
software, and connectivity, enabling them to collect and exchange data. It
allows businesses to gather real-time information, automate processes, and
enhance efficiency. For instance, IoT-enabled supply chains can offer better
inventory management, reduced downtime, and preventive maintenance.
 Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI involves machines performing tasks that
typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and
decision-making. With advancements in AI, businesses can automate processes,
analyze vast amounts of data for valuable insights, and enhance customer
experiences through personalization. AI is also being used for predictive
analytics, fraud detection, and virtual assistants, among other applications.
 Blockchain: A distributed ledger technology, blockchain offers a secure and
transparent way to store and verify data. It eliminates the need for
intermediaries, increasing trust and enhancing efficiency in various industries.
Blockchain is being utilized for secure transactions, supply chain visibility,
smart contracts, and even decentralized finance. Its impact on businesses lies in
increased transparency, improved security, and reduced costs.
 5G Technology: The fifth-generation wireless technology, or 5G, offers faster
speeds, lower latency, and greater network capacity compared to its
predecessors. It allows for the seamless transfer of vast amounts of data,
benefiting businesses in industries such as autonomous vehicles, augmented
reality, and Internet of Things. 5G can enhance productivity, enable real-time
communication, and foster innovation in various sectors.
 Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR): AR/VR technologies overlay
digital information onto the physical world or create immersive virtual
environments, respectively. They find applications in training, customer
experiences, virtual tours, and design prototyping. These technologies enable
businesses to improve engagement, enhance training, and provide realistic
simulations. For example, AR can allow customers to virtually try on clothes or
visualize furniture in their homes.
 Edge Computing: Edge computing involves processing data near its source,
rather than sending it to a centralized cloud or data center. It reduces latency,
enhances security, and enables real-time decision-making. Edge computing
finds application in autonomous cars, smart manufacturing, and healthcare,
where quick response times and reliable connectivity are crucial. It improves
efficiency, reduces bandwidth costs, and enables faster data analysis.

Overall, these emerging technologies have the potential to transform businesses

by improving efficiency, enhancing customer experiences, enabling automation,
and unlocking new opportunities for innovation and growth.
3. Discuss and elaborate cloud computing, its application and its service models.
Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the
Internet. These resources include tools and applications like data storage,
servers, databases, networking, and software.

Rather than keeping files on a proprietary hard drive or local storage

device, cloud-based storage makes it possible to save them to a remote
database. As long as an electronic device has access to the web, it has
access to the data and the software programs to run it.

Cloud computing is a popular option for people and businesses for a number
of reasons including cost savings, increased productivity, speed and
efficiency, performance, and security.

 Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the

Internet, including data storage, servers, databases, networking, and
software.
 Cloud storage has grown increasingly popular among individuals who
need larger storage space and for businesses seeking an efficient off-
site data back-up solution.
  Cloud-based storage makes it possible to save files to a remote
database and retrieve them on demand.
 Services can be both public and private—public services are provided
online for a fee while private services are hosted on a network to
specific clients.
 Cloud security has become an increasingly important field in IT.

Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is named as such because the information being accessed
is found remotely in the cloud or a virtual space. Companies that provide
cloud services enable users to store files and applications on remote servers
and then access all the data via the Internet. This means the user is not
required to be in a specific place to gain access to it, allowing the user to
work remotely.

Cloud computing takes all the heavy lifting involved in crunching and
processing data away from the device you carry around or sit and work at. It
also moves all of that work to huge computer clusters far away in cyberspace.
The Internet becomes the cloud, and voilà—your data, work, and applications
are available from any device with which you can connect to the Internet,
anywhere in the world.

Cloud computing can be both public and private. Public cloud services
provide their services over the Internet for a fee. Private cloud services, on
the other hand, only provide services to a certain number of people. These
services are a system of networks that supply hosted services. There is also
a hybrid option, which combines elements of both the public and private
services.

Cloud computing refers to the use of a network of remote servers hosted on the
internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than using a local server or a
personal computer. This technology enables users to access applications,
storage, and computing power on a pay-as-you-go basis and eliminates the need
for extensive hardware and infrastructure.

Cloud computing has a wide range of applications across various industries and
sectors. Some of the common applications include:
1. Storage and Backup: Cloud storage allows users to store and retrieve data
remotely, providing a reliable and scalable solution for data backup and disaster
recovery. Services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and Microsoft OneDrive are
popular examples of cloud-based storage solutions.

2. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): With IaaS, businesses can access

virtualized computing resources such as virtual machines, networks, and storage
on demand. This allows companies to quickly scale their IT infrastructure
without the need for physical servers and infrastructure management. Amazon
Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure are prominent IaaS providers.

3. Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS offers a platform for developing, testing,

and deploying applications without worrying about infrastructure management.
It provides tools, development frameworks, and runtime environments to
support the application development process. Examples of PaaS providers
include Heroku and Google App Engine.

4. Software as a Service (SaaS): SaaS refers to the delivery of software

applications over the internet on a subscription basis. Users can access these
applications through a web browser, eliminating the need for installation or
maintenance. Popular examples of SaaS applications are Salesforce, Microsoft
Office 365, and Adobe Creative Cloud.

5. Big Data Analytics: Cloud computing enables organizations to harness the

power of large-scale data processing and analytics. With cloud-based services
like Amazon Redshift and Google BigQuery, businesses can process vast
amounts of data and gain valuable insights without the need for significant
investments in infrastructure.

6. Internet of Things (IoT): Cloud computing is crucial for managing and

analyzing the data generated by IoT devices. It allows for real-time processing,
storage, and monitoring of data from connected devices, enabling businesses to
leverage IoT technologies effectively.
 Along with these applications, cloud computing offers various service models
to cater to different needs:

1. Public Cloud: Services provided by a public cloud are available to the

general public over the internet. It is a cost-effective option for small and
medium-sized businesses that do not want to invest in their infrastructure.
Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform are some popular
public cloud providers.

2. Private Cloud: A private cloud is dedicated to a single organization and is

often hosted on-premises or in a data center. It offers more control,
customization, and security but requires significant investments in infrastructure
and maintenance.

3. Hybrid Cloud: A hybrid cloud combines both public and private cloud
infrastructure, allowing organizations to take advantage of the benefits offered
by both. It offers flexibility in terms of workload placement and scalability.

4. Community Cloud: A community cloud is shared among multiple

organizations with similar interests, such as government agencies or healthcare
providers. It allows for cost-sharing, collaboration, and resource optimization
within a specific community.

In summary, cloud computing has numerous applications across various

industries, including storage and backup, infrastructure management, software
deployment, big data analytics, and IoT. The service models include public,
private, hybrid, and community clouds, providing organizations with options to
suit their specific needs and requirements.

4. What is Artificial intelligence? List the types and applications of Artificial

intelligence? Discuss roles, benefits and drawbacks of artificial intelligence?
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in
machines that are programmed to think and act like humans. These machines
can be trained to perform a variety of tasks by being fed large amounts of data
and using that data to learn for themselves.
There are many potential roles for AI in various industries, including healthcare,
finance, education, transportation, and more. Some potential benefits of AI
include increased efficiency and productivity, improved decision-making, and
the ability to perform tasks that are too dangerous or difficult for humans.

However, there are also potential drawbacks to the use of AI. One concern is
that AI may eventually be able to perform many tasks better than humans,
potentially leading to job displacement. There are also ethical concerns
surrounding the use of AI, such as the potential for biased algorithms and the
possibility of misuse or abuse of the technology. Additionally, there are concerns
about the lack of transparency in the decision-making processes of some AI
systems, as well as the potential for malicious use of the technology.

5. What is Internet of things? Explain the features of internet of things (IoT) What
does IoT roles in our day to day lives of people and organizations, Discuss the
components, applications and architectures of Internet of Things (IoT)?
artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or
computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated
with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the
project of developing systems endowed with
the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the
ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from
past experience. Since the development of the digital
computer in the 1940s, it has been demonstrated that computers
can be programmed to carry out very complex tasks—such as
discovering proofs for mathematical theorems or playing chess—
with great proficiency. Still, despite continuing advances in
computer processing speed and memory capacity, there are as
yet no programs that can match full human flexibility over wider
domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge. On the
other hand, some programs have attained the performance levels
of human experts and professionals in performing certain
specific tasks, so that artificial intelligence in this limited sense
is found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis,
computer search engines, voice or handwriting recognition, and
chatbots.
6. Compare and contrast the Augmented Reality, virtual Reality and Mixed
Reality.
7. Discuss briefly the applications of Augmented Reality System and its common
features.
8. Discuss Biotechnology, block chain technology and computer vision with their
applications?
9. Discuss the cybersecurity and its application? How did you see Ethiopian
technology usage and security levels?
10.List four companies that have failed to adopt new technologies effectively with
the most notable examples: