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The document provides an overview of various existential threats to humanity, including nuclear war, pandemics, and climate change. It discusses the scientific method and inquiry, emphasizing hypothesis testing and the distinction between hypotheses and theories. Additionally, it categorizes technology into three waves based on historical development and societal evolution from hunter-gatherer communities to industrialized societies.

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2 views

stas

The document provides an overview of various existential threats to humanity, including nuclear war, pandemics, and climate change. It discusses the scientific method and inquiry, emphasizing hypothesis testing and the distinction between hypotheses and theories. Additionally, it categorizes technology into three waves based on historical development and societal evolution from hunter-gatherer communities to industrialized societies.

Uploaded by

elyznicolej
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON:2 INTRODUCTION TO End of the World?

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND


1) Nuclear war
SOCIETY
2) Biological and chemical
SCIENCE- System of knowledge of
warfare
the natural world gained through
the scientific method. 3) Catastrophic climate change

4) Ecological collapse

5) Pandemics

6) Asteroid impact

7) Super volcanic eruption

8) Solar geoengineering

10) Unknown risks


Origin of the Universe?

1ST SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION


Origin of the Planets? 1.Galileo Galilei- Italian
astronomer, physicist and
engineer, sometimes described
as a polymath. (Telescope &
moons of Jupiter)
2.Nicolas Copernicus -Over time THEORY to explain
natural phenomenon supported
with evidences.

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

-Takes the form of experimental


or comparative method.

-In ecology, we manipulate


3.Charles Darwin- theory of variable
evolution
Example:

- In 16th century in Europe,


Scientific Inquiry - process that is Heavier object fell faster than
used to solve everyday problems the lighter objects?
or questions.
- In 16th century in Europe,
-Scientific Inquiry is also called Heavier object fell faster than
the Scientific Method. the lighter objects?

In biology,

1.Observation

2.Hypothesis formation

3.Hypothesis testing

4.Data Analysis

5.Acceptance or rejection of the


hypothesis

HYPOTHESIS VS THEORY

HYPOTHESIS- Never really proven

After many tests → True


Comparative method: TECHNOLOGY PROCESS

“Effect of smoking on lung 1.Identification (need) desire


cancer in humans”
2.Conceptualization
1.We cannot expose humans to
3.Production or execution of plan
cigarette smoke on a daily basis
or design
over long periods.
4.The use of phase.
2.Compare Groups of humans
that have voluntarily smoked for DEVELOPMENT VS. INNOVATION
long period (>30 years) vs. never
smoked. DEVELOPMENT- Involves
transforming research findings
3.Compare the incidence of into prototype inventions of new
cancer. materials, devices and processes.
Scientific Inquiry INNOVATION- Which Involves
commercialization of prototype
-is a process that is used to solve
inventions of Research and
everyday problems or questions.
Development into marketable
-Scientific Inquiry is also called products or processes.
the Scientific Methods.
Classification of technology
TECHNOLOGY based on a country’s level of
technological sophistication.
Greek words techne meaning
“art or craft” and logos meaning 1. FIRST WAVE TECHNOLOGY-
a “subject or interest”. Agricultural Age-comprising the
pre-industrial technologies which
TECHNOLOGY
are labor-intensive, small-scale,
-Practical application of decentralized and based on
knowledge empirical rather than scientific
knowledge.
-Science of industrial arts and
manufacture 2. SECOND WAVE TECHNOLOGY-
comprising the industrial which
-Material products or result of technologies were develop since
human fabrication and making. the time of industrial revolution
until the end of World War II. 5. Synthesizing and Recycling
These are usually capital- Societies- production of synthetic
intensive technologies and are food and other resources and
essentially based on the classical recycling of nonrenewable
principles of classical physics, resources.
chemistry and biology.

3. THIRD WAVE TECHNOLOGY-


the post-industrial or the high
technologies which are
called science-intensive since
they are based on the modern
scientific knowledge of the
structures, properties and
interaction of molecules atoms
and nuclei.

SOCIETY

-A group of people living as a


community or an organized
group of people for a common
purpose.

Evolution of Societies

1. Hunter and Gatherer


Societies- the most primitive of
all societies.

2. Shifting and Farming- slash


and burn farming.

3. Agricultural and Mining


Societies

4. Manufacturing and Processing


Societies- the use of coal marked
the start of industrialization.

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