Madras Theological Seminary and College

Subject : Jesus Movement in Synoptic Gospel

Topic: Dalit and Adivasi – Christ

Submitted by: Vinith.A Submitted to: Rev. Jerin Reginald

Introduction:

Dalit and Adivasi communities in India have unique and significant

The teachings of Jesus Christ, particularly his message of love, equality, and justice,resonate
strongly with the experiences of Dalits, inspiring them to challenge the discriminatory social
structures and assert their rights and dignity. Similarly, Adivasi Communities, Who have faced
displacement, exploitation, And Cultural marginalization, have found in Christianity a framework
for preserving their cultural Identity and advocating for their rights. The inclusive and egalitarian
aspects of Christian teachings have provided Adivasis with a sense of solidarity and empowerment
in the face of social and economic injustices.

Definition of Dalit and Adivasi:

Dalit is a term used in India to refer to people who belong to the lowest caste in the Hindu caste
system. They were traditionally considered “untouchables” and faced discrimination, social
exclusion, and economic exploitation. The term “Dalit” means “oppressed” or “broken” in Sanskrit
and was adopted by the community as a way of rejecting the stigma associated with their caste
identity. Today, Dalits continue to face discrimination and marginalization in many aspects of
Indian society, despite legal Protections and affirmative action policies aimed at addressing their
historical Disadvantage.1

Adivasi is a term used in India to refer to indigenous or tribal peoples who are considered the
original inhabitants of the land. The word “adivasi” comes from the sanskrit language and means
“original inhabitants” or “first dwellers”. Adivasis have their own distinct cultures, languages, and
traditions, and are often marginalized and discriminated against by mainstream society. They are
concentrated in certain regions of India, particularly in forested areas, and rely on natural resources
for their livelihoods. Despite legal protections, adivasis continue to face challenges such as land
dispossession, displacement, and lack of access to basic services and Opportunities.

Understanding of Christ:

The understanding of Jesus Christ among Dalit and Adivasi communities in India can vary, as it is
influenced by their unique cultural, social, and historical contexts. For many Dalits, the message
of Jesus Christ as a liberator and advocate for the oppressed resonates deeply. They may see
parallels between their own experiences of discrimination and marginalization and the teachings
of Jesus about justice, equality, and compassion. Similarly, Adivasi communities may interpret the
figure of Jesus Christ in ways that align with their traditional values and beliefs. Some Adivasi
groups may find connections between their own spiritual traditions and the teachings of Jesus,
while others may embrace Christianity as a way to assert their identity and resist social and cultural
oppression.

Dalit and Adivasi – Christ:

The term “Dalit” refers to those who have been traditionally considered “untouchable” In the
Indian caste system. They have historically faced discrimination and social exclusion.

“Adivasi” refers to the indigenous tribal communities in India. They have their own distinct
cultures, languages, and traditions, and have often been marginalized and disadvantaged. The
addition of “Christ” to these terms would likely refer to individuals from these communities who

1
A.P. Nirmal, Towards Christian Dalit Theology, Heuristic Exploration (Madras CLS. 1990),67.
have converted to Christianity. This could be a way of identifying their religious affiliation within
the context of their social and cultural background. 2

Significance of Dalit and Adivasi – Christ:

The significance of Dalit and Adivasi interpretations of Christianity lies in the ways in which it
provides them with a framework for empowerment, resistance, and social justice. For many Dalit
and Adivasi in India, Christianity has served as a means of asserting their dignity and challenging
the oppressive social structures that have historically marginalized and discriminated against them.

The figure of Jesus Christ, as a symbol of compassion, justice, and liberation, has been particularly
meaningful for these communities. Dalits and Adivasis often interpret the teachings of Jesus in
ways that resonate with their own experiences of oppression and discrimination, finding in
Christianity a source of hope, solidarity, and empowerment. In addition to its spiritual significance,
Christianity has also played a role in the Socio-political movements of Dalit and Adivasi
communities, providing a platform for advocacy, community organizing, and resistance against
caste-based discrimination and social injustices. Furthermore, the presence of Dalit and Adivasi
Christians within the broader Christian community has contributed to a more diverse and inclusive
expression of Christianity in India, challenging traditional hierarchies and promoting a more
equitable and just society. 3

Theological significance for Social transformation:

The communitarian model has had a great potential to serve as a theological basis for social
transformation. The understanding of God-World as belonging to the community helps the tribal
Christians to rediscover a holistic concept of reality from their tradition. It would provide
atheological basis to inspire and orient the churches towards social involvement and to bring about
social change and be more inclusive in their ministry and mission. This would also help us.to
broaden the circle of salvation from salvation of individual souls for life after death to the

2
John C.B. Webster, Towards a Dalit theology (Delhi: ISPCK,1988),5.
understanding of cosmic salvation-total salvation of human beings with their body, soul, spirit,
society and all other creatures as well, here and now and to the future.3

Biblical perspective:

From a biblical perspective, the teachings of Jesus Christ can be seen as aligning with the
experiences and struggles of the Dalit and Adivasi communities in India. The bible emphasizes
themes of justice, compassion, and the dignity of all human beings, which resonate with the
aspirations of these marginalized groups.

In the Old Testament, there are numerous passages that advocate for justice and care for the
oppressed and marginalized. For example, in Isaiah 1:17, it says, “Learn to do right; seek justice.
Defend the oppressed. Take up the cause of the fatherless; plead the case of the widow.” This
resonates with the struggles of Dalit and Adivasi who have historically faced oppression and
discrimination.

in the New Testament, Jesus’ ministry is characterized by his concern for the marginalized and his
challenge to oppressive social structures. He associated with those who were considered outcasts
in society, such as tax collectors, lepers, and sinners. His teachings on love, compassion, and the
value of every individual are particularly relevant to the experiences of Dalits and Adivasis.

Furthermore, Jesus’ message of liberation and freedom from sin can be interpreted in a broader
sense as liberation from all forms of oppression, including social, economic, and political
marginalization. This resonates with the struggles for empowerment and social justice that are
central to the experiences of Dalit and Adivasi communities.

3
A.P. Nirmal, Towards Christian Dalit Theology, Heuristic Exploration (Madras CLS. 1990) p 145-147.
The Rich man and Lazarus Parable:

When looking at the parable of the rich man and Lazarus from the perspective of dalits and
Adivasis, it’s important to consider the social and economic disparities that exist within many
societies. Dalits and Adivasis often face systemic discrimination, marginalization, and poverty,
which can lead to a situation where they are metaphorically akin to Lazarus in the parable. From
this perspective, the rich man can be seen as representing the privileged and powerful sections of
society, while Lazarus represents the oppressed and marginalized.

The parable can serve as a reflection of the stark contrast between the living conditions and
opportunities available to these two groups. The parable could be used to highlight the moral
responsibility of those in positions of privilege and power to address the suffering and inequality
experienced by Dalits and Adivasis. It can also underscore the consequences of neglecting or
exploiting those who are marginalized and oppressed.

Furthermore, the parable’s emphasis on the importance of compassion, empathy, and justice can
be applied to advocate for social change and solidarity with marginalized communities. It can serve
as a call to action for addressing the structural injustices that perpetuate poverty, discrimination,
and lack of opportunities for Dalits and Adivasis.

When viewed through the lens of Dalits and Adivasis, the parable of the rich man and Lazarus can
be used to shed light on social and economic inequalities, challenge systems of oppression, and
advocate for a more just and equitable society. It serves as a reminder of the moral imperative to
address the needs of the marginalized and work towards a more inclusive and compassionate
world.

Conclusion:

The interpretations of Christianity by Dalit and Adivasi communities in India are deeply
intertwined with their experiences of oppression, resistance, and empowerment. For these
marginalized groups, Christianity has provided a framework for liberation, empowerment, and
advocacy for social justice. The teachings of Jesus Christ have inspired Dalits and Adivasis to
challenge discriminatory social structures, assert their rights, and preserve their cultural identity.
Their unique interpretations of Christianity have enriched the diversity of Christian expression in
India and have played a crucial role in advocating for a more inclusive and equitable society.
Overall, the interpretations of Christianity by Dalit and Adivasi communities are significant not
only for their spiritual and religious dimensions but also for their profound impact on social and
political movements aimed at challenging discrimination and promoting social equality.

Bibliography :

1.Nirmal, A.P. Towards Christian Dalit Theology, Heuristic Exploration .Madrasa: CLS.
1990.

2.Webster,John C.B.Towards a Dalit theology .Delhi: ISPCK,1988.