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Solution Manual for Data Structures and Algorithm

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Solution Manual for Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis

in C, 2/E 2nd Edition : 0201498405

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Solution Manual for Data Structures and Other Objects

Using C++, 4/E Michael Main, Walter Savitch

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Solution Manual for Data Structures and Problem Solving

Using Java, 4/E 4th Edition : 0321541405

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Test bank for Data Structures and Algorithms in C++ 2nd

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Solution Manual for Data Structures and Algorithms in Java
1st Edition, Peter Drake

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Solution Manual for Dynamics of Structures, 4/E 4th

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Solution Manual for Data Structures and Problem Solving

Using C++ 2/E Mark A. Weiss

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Solution Manual for C++ Programming: Program Design

Including Data Structures, 6th Edition D.S. Malik

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Test Bank for General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry:

Structures of Life 4/E 4th Edition Karen C. Timberlake

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void sortDec(vector<int> & vec)
{ // bubble sort descending
bool sorted = false;
while (!sorted)
{
sorted = true;
for (auto i = 1; i < vec.size(); i++)
{
if (vec[i-1]< vec[i])
{
swap(vec[i],vec[i-1]);
sorted = false;
}
}
}
}

int select1(vector<int> nums)

{
int k = (nums.size()+1)/2;
sort(nums);
return nums[k];
}

int select2(const vector<int> &nums)

{
int k = nums.size()/2;
vector<int> topK(nums.begin(), nums.begin() + k);

sortDec(topK);
for (auto i = k; i < nums.size(); i++)
{
if (nums[i] > topK[k-1])
{
for (auto j = k-2; j >=0 ; j--)
if (nums[i] < topK[j])
{topK[j+1] = nums[i]; break;}
else
topK[j+1] = topK[j];
if (topK[0] < nums[i])
topK[0] = nums[i];
}
}
return topK[k-1];
}

int main()
{
vector<int> nums;
int selected;
time_t start, end;

srand(time(NULL));
for (auto numInts = 1000; numInts<=10000; numInts+=1000)
// sizes 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, ...10,000
{
nums.resize(numInts);
 start = time(NULL);
for (auto i = 0; i < 10; i++) // run 10 times
{
for (auto j = 0; j < numInts; j++)
nums[j] = rand()%(2*numInts);
selected = select1(nums); // or selected = select2(nums);
}
end = time(NULL);
cout<<numInts<<"\t"<<difftime(end,start)<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

180

160

140

120

100
Time of Select1
80
Time of Select2
60

40

20

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

2. /*
Word Puzzle problem
from the example in figure 1.1
*/

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include "matrix.h"
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

const int MAXROWS = 4;

const int MAXCOLS = 4;

struct Orientation
{
Orientation() : delRow(0), delCol(0) {}
Orientation operator() (int direction)
{
 switch (direction)
{
case 0 : delRow = -1; delCol = -1; break;
case 1 : delRow = -1; delCol = 0; break;
case 2 : delRow = -1; delCol = 1; break;
case 3 : delRow = 0; delCol = -1; break;
case 4 : delRow = 0; delCol = 1; break;
case 5 : delRow = 1; delCol = -1; break;
case 6 : delRow = 1; delCol = 0; break;
case 7 : delRow = 1; delCol = 1; break;
}
return *this;
}
int delRow;
int delCol;
};

class Puzzle
{
public:
Puzzle(int numRows, int numCols )
{
matrix<char> temp(numRows,numCols);
puzzle= temp;
initPuzzle();
}
Puzzle(int numRows , int numCols , vector<string> wordList) : dictionary(wordList)
{
matrix<char> temp(numRows,numCols);
puzzle= temp;
initPuzzle();
}
void solvePuzzle();
void findWords(int startRow, int startCol, Orientation orient);
private:
void initPuzzle();
matrix<char> puzzle;
vector<string> dictionary;
};

void Puzzle::initPuzzle()
{
puzzle[0][0] = 't';
puzzle[0][1] = 'h';
puzzle[0][2] = 'i';
puzzle[0][3] = 's';
puzzle[1][0] = 'w';
puzzle[1][1] = 'a';
puzzle[1][2] = 't';
puzzle[1][3] = 's';
puzzle[2][0] = 'o';
puzzle[2][1] = 'a';
puzzle[2][2] = 'h';
puzzle[2][3] = 'g';
puzzle[3][0] = 'f';
puzzle[3][1] = 'g';
puzzle[3][2] = 'd';
puzzle[3][3] = 't';
}

void Puzzle::solvePuzzle()
{
Orientation orient;
for ( auto startRow = 0; startRow < puzzle.numrows(); startRow++)
for ( auto startCol=0; startCol < puzzle.numcols(); startCol++)
for (auto i = 0; i < 8 ; i++)
findWords(startRow,startCol,orient(i));
}

void Puzzle::findWords(int startRow, int startCol, Orientation orient)

{
string word ="";
int row = startRow;
int col = startCol;
do
{
word = word + puzzle[row][col];
if (find(dictionary.begin(), dictionary.end(), word) != dictionary.end())
cout<<word<<" found starting at ("<<startRow<<","<<startCol<<")\n";
row += orient.delRow;
col += orient.delCol;
} while (row > -1 && col > -1 && row < puzzle.numrows() && col <
puzzle.numcols());
}

int main()
{
string diction[] = {"this", "two", "fat", "fats", "at", "wad", "ad", "hat", "that",
"his","is","it","ah"} ;
vector<string> dictionary(diction,diction+ 12);
Puzzle puzzle(MAXROWS, MAXCOLS, dictionary);

puzzle.solvePuzzle();

return 0;
}

1.3

void printDouble(double x)
{
if (x < 0)
{
cout<<"-";
x = -x;
}
int intPart = floor(x);
double fract = x - intPart;

printOut(intPart);
cout<<".";
while (fract<1 && fract > 0.0000000001)// 0.0000000001 is machine accuracy.
{
 fract *= 10;
printDigit(floor(fract));
fract = fract - floor(fract);
}
}

1.4

The general way to do this is to write a procedure with heading

void processFile( String fileName );

which opens f il eNa me, does whatever processing is needed, and then closes it. If a line of the form

#include SomeFile

is detected, then the call

processFile( SomeFile );

is made recursively. Self-referential includes can be detected by keeping a list of files for which a call to

p ro ce s sF ile has not yet terminated, and checking this list before making a new call to p ro ce s sF ile .

1.5

int ones( int n )

{
if( n < 2 )
return n;
return n % 2 + ones( n / 2 );
}

1.6
void permute(const string & str, int low, int high)
{
char letter;
string tmp = str;
if (low >= high)
cout<<str<<endl;
else
{
for (auto i= low; i < str.size(); i++)
{
swap(tmp[0], tmp[i]);
permute(tmp, low+1, high);
}
}
}

void permute(const string & str)

{
permute(str, 0, str.size());
}

1.7 (a) The proof is by induction. The theorem is clearly true for 0 < X  1, since it is true for X = 1, and for X

< 1, log X is negative. It is also easy to see that the theorem holds for 1 < X  2, since it is true for X = 2,

and for X < 2, log X is at most 1. Suppose the theorem is true for p < X  2 p (where p is a positive integer),

and consider any 2p < Y  4p (p  1). Then log Y = 1 + log( Y /2 ) < 1 + Y/2 < Y/2 + Y/2  Y, where the

first inequality follows by the inductive hypothesis.

(b) Let 2X = A. Then A B = ( 2 X ) B = 2 X B . Thus log A B = XB. Since X = log A, the theorem is proved.

1.8 (a) The sum is 4/3 and follows directly from the formula.

S  14  2
 3
 L . 4S  1  2
 3
L .
(b) 42 43 4 42 Subtracting the first equation from the second gives

3S  1  1
 2
L .
4 42 By part (a), 3S = 4/3 so S = 4/9.

S  14  4
 9
 L . 4S  1  4
 9
 163  L .
(c) 42 43 4 42 4 Subtracting the first equation from the second gives

 
3S  2  i
  1i .
3S  1  3
 5
 7
L . 4i 4
4 42 43 Rewriting, we get i 0 i 0 Thus 3S = 2(4/9) + 4/3 = 20/9. Thus S =

20/27.


 i4 .
N
i

(d) Let S N = i 0 Follow the same method as in parts (a) – (c) to obtain a formula for S N in terms of SN–1,

SN–2,..., S0 and solve the recurrence. Solving the recurrence is very difficult.

N N  N / 2 1
 1
i
  1i   1
i
 ln N  ln N /2  ln 2.
i   N / 2  i 1 i 1
1.9

1.10 24 = 16  1 (mod 5). (24)25  125 (mod 5). Thus 2100  1 (mod 5).

1.11 (a) Proof is by induction. The statement is clearly true for N = 1 and N = 2. Assume true for N = 1, 2, ... , k.

k 1 k
 Fi   Fi  Fk  1.
Then i 1 i 1 By the induction hypothesis, the value of the sum on the right is Fk+2 – 2 + Fk+1 =

Fk+3 – 2, where the latter equality follows from the definition of the Fibonacci numbers. This proves the claim

for N = k + 1, and hence for all N.

 (b) As in the text, the proof is by induction. Observe that  + 1 = 2. This implies that  –1 +  –2 = 1. For N = 1

and N = 2, the statement is true. Assume the claim is true for N = 1, 2, ... , k.

Fk 1  Fk  Fk 1

by the definition, and we can use the inductive hypothesis on the right-hand side, obtaining

Fk 1   k   k  1
  1 k 1   2 k 1
Fk 1  ( 1   2 ) k 1   k 1

and proving the theorem.

(c) See any of the advanced math references at the end of the chapter. The derivation involves the use of

generating functions.

N N N
 (2i  1)  2 i  1
1.12 (a) i 1 i 1 i 1 = N( N + 1) – N = N2.

(b) The easiest way to prove this is by induction. The case N = 1 is trivial. Otherwise,

N 1 N
 i3  ( N  1)3   i3
i 1 i 1

N 2 ( N  1) 2
 ( N  1)3 
4
N2 
 ( N  1) 2   ( N  1) 
 4 
 N  4N  4 
2
 ( N  1) 2  
 4 
( N  1) 2 ( N  2) 2

22
2
 ( N  1) ( N  2) 
 
 2 
2
 N 1 
   i
 i 1 

1.15
class EmployeeLastNameCompare
{
public:
bool operator () (const Employee & lhs, const Employee & rhs) const
{ return getLast(lhs.getName())< getLast(rhs.getName());}
};

string getLast( const string & name)

{
 string last;
int blankPosition = name.find(" ");
last = name.substr(blankPosition+1, name.size());
return last;
}
int main()
{
vector<Employee> v(3);
v[0].setValue("George Bush", 400000.00);
v[1].setValue("Bill Gates", 2000000000.00);
v[2].setValue("Dr. Phil", 13000000.00);
cout<<findMax(v, EmployeeLastNameCompare())<<endl;
return 0;
}

1.16

matrix() : array(10)
{for( auto & thisRow : array )
thisRow.resize( 10 );
}

void resize(int rows, int cols)

{
array.resize(rows);
for ( auto & thisRow : array)
thisRow.resize(cols);
}
Other documents randomly have
different content
parties. Both Mr. P. A. Taylor and Mr. Salt are friends to the cause I
have in hand—at least I hope so; but to check the Bill was a
backward move.
To turn aside the Christianizing and civilizing institutions of the
country from exerting their influence upon 60,000 poor canal and
gipsy children is no light undertaking. It cannot be the cause of the
poor canal and gipsy children that they wish to throw cold water
upon, but upon my unworthy self, who has had the audacity, against
immense odds and under tremendous difficulties, to take the cause
of the brickyard, canal, and gipsy children in hand. Time and
patience weave trials into pleasures and difficulties into crowns.
In the meantime the children’s cries are going east, west, north, and
south, upward and heavenward for help. Shall it be given? They
are more in need of it by far than the children of other working
classes. Oh, that a speedy answer may come, and the children
delivered from the vortex of ruin and the jaws of death by the hand
of the most enlighted Government in the world!
 APPENDIX A.
MY PLANS EXPLAINED AND
OBJECTIONS ANSWERED.

To illustrate more fully the plans I suggest for improving the

condition of the canal, gipsy, and other travelling children, and to
bring to the surface all the weak as well as the strong points which
the working out might reveal, I cannot do better, I think, than
introduce my readers to an imaginary large gathering of my friends,
with a real object in hand, in one of the Committee rooms at the
House of Commons, which list of friends, including Lord Aberdare,
Lord Aberdeen, Lord Stanhope, Sir William V. Harcourt, M.P., Sir
Richard A. Cross, M.P., Sir Charles Dilke, M.P., Mr. W. E. Forster, M.P.,
Mr. J. T. Hibbert, M.P., Mr. Mundella, M.P., Mr. Alexander McArthur,
M.P., Mr. W. H. Wills, M.P., Mr. A. Pell, M.P., Mr. Salt, M.P., Mr. Thomas
Burt, M.P., Mr. Frank A. Bevan, Mr. Edwin Lawrence, will be found in
my previous works, and earlier in this, together with many other
valuable friends and well-wishers to the cause of the poor neglected
brickyard, canal, and gipsy children. Their names will ever be
remembered and spoken of by me with the profoundest respect.
They are names that stand high in the legislative, literary, press,
philanthropic, social, and religious annals of our country, irrespective
of creed, sect, or party; and nothing, had space been at my disposal,
would have given me greater pleasure than that of showing my
gratitude to them by placing all their names upon these pages. [339]
Question 1. “Would you explain to us more fully than you have done
in your Congress papers and ‘Gipsy Life,’ the plans you refer to for
bringing about an improvement in the condition of the gipsy and
other travelling children?”
In the first place, as I have previously stated, all the vans and other
temporary movable dwellings should be registered in a manner
analogous to that provided under the Canal Boats Act of 1877. The
certificate to be renewable annually at any of the Urban or Rural
Sanitary Authorities in the country, the owner of the tent or van
paying a sum of ten shillings per annum; to be equally divided
between the local authorities and the Local Government Board.
Question 2. “Will you explain to us how the ten shillings is to be
collected and divided between the government and the local
authorities?”
I would propose that the five shillings paid to the Government
should be paid in the form of a charge upon each certificate; or, in
other words, each certificate of registration should be stamped with
a five shilling stamp, and collected by the Government as the other
stamps are collected. The other five shillings should be kept by the
local authorities for their trouble and expense in the matter.
Question 3. “How do you propose dealing with the fines?”
The fines should be handed over to the local sanitary authorities,
who, I suggest, with the sanction of the Local Government Board,
should enforce the Act.
Question 4. “How would you meet the case of a man who, with his
family, is at the end of the year, when his annual certificate expires,
a hundred miles away from the place where he obtained his
certificate of registration?”
I will try to illustrate my meaning in this way. Suppose that a man
registered his van at Tunstall, Staffordshire, in the first instance, say,
on January, 1883, but during the year he had wandered all over the
country almost, and on January, 1884, he was at Northampton with
his van and family. I propose that he should take his last certificate
of registration to the sanitary authority at Northampton and get it
renewed. This plan works out right in the case of hawkers. Of
course, the van would have to be brought to the officers, or at any
rate, it would have to be where it could be inspected.
Question 5. “You say in your Congress papers that the certificate
should be taken on the first of January in each year. Now suppose a
man wanted to register his van in October, would the owner be
required to pay the sum of ten shillings for the remaining two
months of the year, and then be required to take out another
certificate on the following January?”
According to the plan sketched out in my Congress paper it would be
so; but on further consideration it would, I think, be much more
simple, fair, and easy if the certificates were taken out for a year at
any time or place the owner thought fit to apply for them.
Question 6. “Will you explain why it is that you think the certificates
of registration should be renewed annually? Would it not be
sufficient if the vans and temporary miserable dwellings were
registered only once?”
No, I do not think it would. Vans, as in the case of canal boats,
often change hands, and to keep an oversight of and be able to
trace the vans through all their changes would require a lot of official
and intricate machinery to be set in motion which would not be
needful if the certificates of registration were taken out every year.
Every application for a certificate or a renewal of a certificate would
bring the owner to the front. The changes taking place during the
year could be endorsed upon the back of the certificate, and with
the transfer of the van I would hand over the certificate of
registration in force to the new owner.
Question 7. “What is the advantage to be gained by registration?”
Registration is the first step towards the advantages that are to
follow. By registration the owners and occupiers of the vans are
known, and the School Board officers and sanitary inspectors have
the initial powers to bring their influences to bear upon the children
growing up without education. The gipsies and other travellers as a
rule pass through the country under so many different names that
unless the vans are registered and their owners known it would be
impossible to carry out the reforms that are needed. I have not
found one traveller who would object to their vans being registered,
provided it could be brought about in an easy and inexpensive
manner.
Question 8. “Do you not think that ten shillings per annum would be
a heavy tax upon the gipsies and other travellers?”
Not if we take into account that poor people living in houses have to
pay rates and taxes to a much greater amount than I propose that
travellers should be called upon to pay for their certificates. In fact,
they will be much the gainers if my system of a free education for
the gipsy, canal, and other travelling children be carried out. For the
ten shillings they would, as a rule, receive more than thirty shillings
in educational advantages and remission of school fees.
Question 9. “How will the sanitary and other authorities know, as
the vans pass through the country, whether they have been
registered or not without the inspectors putting the owners to
unnecessary inconvenience and annoyance?”
I propose that the name of the owner, the place where the van was
registered, and the number of the certificate should be painted on
the vans and other temporary and movable dwellings.
Question 10. “Do you not think that the travellers and gipsies would
be much inconvenienced by having to register their vans every
year?”
No, not if they were habitable, and in a fair condition in other ways.
It would not require more than an hour once a year. The forms and
certificates would only take a few minutes to fill up.
Question 11. “How do you propose bringing about the education of
the gipsy and other travelling children?”
I would do as I have proposed in my “Gipsy Life” and Congress
papers, viz., establish a free educational pass book, which book
should not cost the parents more than one shilling, and on the plan
set forth in my “Canal Adventures by Moonlight,” p. 162. The pass
book would do for all the children living in the van or canal boat, and
the child or children presenting it to any schoolmaster connected
with any properly organized public school would claim at his hands a
free education for so long a time as they presented themselves for
admission. With the system of pass books there will not be the
difficulties that would have been created by the pass-book system in
the village dame school days of yore. Day schools, as you know, are
now conducted upon the standard and code system. I will try to
illustrate how the plan would work out in practice. Opposite my
room windows across the green, all last week was an old tumble-
down van in which there was a man, his wife, and seven children.
Five of the children were of school age—none of them could tell a
letter; but, supposing that Tom was in the First Standard, Betty in
the Second, Bill in the Third, Polly in the Infants’, and Jack in the
Fourth Standards, these classifications and particulars would be
entered in the pass book, and supposing that the gipsy had sent the
children with their pass book to the National School on his arrival in
the village, the schoolmaster would immediately he had opened the
book have seen to which standard each child belonged, and would
have sent him or her into it.
Question 12. “Do you not think that it will cause the schoolmaster
extra trouble; and how do you propose to meet this difficulty?”
I have talked to several schoolmasters upon the subject, and they
think that all attendances of travelling children should be entered
and paid for at the rate of those children who pass their
examinations. Each child who passes the usual examinations costs
the country about tenpence per week, and I have been told by
schoolmasters that if this sum was forthcoming from the
Government for the gipsy and travelling children—which is the
system I propose to meet the case of the canal children—they would
gladly receive them into their schools; or, in other words, the
Government must pay the schoolmaster one penny for each
attendance, which should be entered in his school returns to the
Education Department; the same course in some respects which is
taken with pauper children.
Question 13. “What plans do you propose for granting the gipsy and
canal children their certificates of qualification?”
I would propose that the children should be allowed to present
themselves at any school for an examination at the usual time; i.e.,
provided they had made two hundred attendances during the year,
and that such attendances had been duly entered in pass books and
signed by the schoolmasters at whose schools the children had
attended; or that they satisfied the school attendance officers or
School Board authorities, wherever their vans were registered, that
the gipsy children were being educated privately, or in other ways to
their satisfaction.
Question 14. “Do you not think that there will be much difficulty in
getting the children to make two hundred attendances during the
year?”
No. As a rule, all travelling vans, canal boats, and other miserable
dwellings are not on the move more than half the time. Frequently
they will stay for weeks together in one place. And I would also, to
enable the children to make their number of attendances, reckon
two attendances in a Sunday-school equal to one day-school
attendance.
Question 15. “Do you not think that parents of town children will
object to their sitting by the side of gipsy and canal children?”
In some instances the parents might object to it, as you say, but
generally they would not. I think that two-thirds of the children now
travelling the country are the children of parents who once followed
town and settled employments. If the children I want to introduce
to the day schools throughout the country had been gipsy children
of past years, with all their evil habits manifested at every step of
their lives, I can imagine that strong objection would be raised
against their introduction to English school life. Our present gipsy
children are, as a rule, our travelling gutter children. I think that the
mixing of the travelling children with the town children at school will
be one of the first steps towards bringing them back to civilized
usages and habits. At the present time gipsy and canal children are
the outcasts of society, unknown and unrecognized by others, except
by those of their own kith and kin. The mother has at the present
time no object to “dress up her children for.” With its introduction to
school, natural instincts, parental feelings, love, and hope are
brought once more into action, and generally the natural
consequence will be that the mother will send her children to school
as clean and well dressed as other children are. To have separate
schools for canal and gipsy children will not be a workable plan.
Sometimes for weeks the teacher would scarcely have anything to
do; gipsies especially fluctuate very much.
Question 16. “We should be glad if you could give us additional
reasons and facts, and explain a little more to us why you think that
vans should be registered annually, or at any rate have their
certificates renewed.”
In the first place, I would say that the non-annual registration was,
and is so still, one of the principal causes why the Canal Boats Act of
1877 is not so satisfactory as desired. The children living in canal
beats under the Act of 1877 really belong to the place at which the
boats are registered. This is as it should be, and I want the principle
of localizing or identifying the canal children with some place
extended to all travelling children living in vans; but that
identification must give the parents a choice of selecting other
districts or localities from time to time as changes of circumstances
and other things might require. Under the present system, when
once the boat is registered at a place, the children, under the Act of
1877, belong to that place till they are past school age, and no
provision is made under the Act for changes which often occur in a
boatman’s life, or would occur in a gipsy’s life. I will try to illustrate
my meaning more clearly by taking a case in point as regards the
carrying out of the Canal Boats Act, which would apply with equal
force to children living in vans. When the Canal Boats Act of 1877
came into operation, either through the strictness or laxity of other
registration authorities, more than eight hundred canal boatmen and
boat-owners from all parts of the country applied to the Runcorn
registration authorities to have their boats registered. Of course
they registered the boats, and obtained the five-shilling fees. After a
time it was found out that the School Board authorities at Runcorn
were called upon to provide school accommodation for nearly two
thousand boat children, which they could not do. At any rate, they
did not wish to saddle the town with the expenses of educating boat
children from all parts of the country, and from whom they received
nothing in return; and the consequence is the two thousand boat
children whose floating houses are registered at Runcorn are going
without education to-day, and their patents cannot, so long as this
registration exists, place them in any other School Board district in
this country. The annual registration which I propose will give the
boating and gipsy parents the opportunity of changing their homes
or headquarters without detriment to the children, and the
establishment of more registration districts would, I am thoroughly
convinced, place the matter on a satisfactory and workable basis. If
John Jones during the year ceased working his boat in and out of
Runcorn, and took to Paddington’s scented waters, he could, by
registering his boat at Paddington at the time of the renewal of his
certificate, put his children under the London School Board, which he
cannot do under the present system. To meet the case of the gipsy
and van children, any sanitary authority should be a registration
authority, or at any rate at those towns where hawker’s licences can
be obtained.
Question 17. “How would your plan work out in the case of those
families who live part of the year in vans, and the other part of the
year in houses?”
I would propose that their vans should be registered at those
registration districts in which the owner of the van has his settled
home. I will illustrate this in the following manner. Suppose an
owner of a van, after travelling the country during the summer
months, draws his van into a yard and takes to house dwelling
during the winter. Of course, the children during the winter months
will be under the School Board authorities, at the place where his
house is rated for the relief of the poor and other rates; but
supposing—as is often the case—with the dawn of spring the gipsy
traveller desires to leave his house during the summer mouths, and
takes his wife and children round the country, I would suggest that
he should provide himself with a free educational pass book, and
that he should be compelled to send his children to some day school
the required number of times, and it would be the duty of the School
Board officers where his van is registered, together with the School
Board officers where the vans may be temporarily located, to
examine the pass book, and to see that the educational clauses were
carried out. In case of village feasts the children should be sent to
the next village school. Children can easily make the number of
attendances.
Question 18. “What is your opinion about the education gained in
this way?”
It will not be the best education in the world, but it will be a
thousand times better than none at all. It would cause them to see
some of the advantages of education, and it would start their young
ideas up civilizing channels.
Question 19. “Would it not be a hardship upon the parents if the
children were not allowed to work in connection with their vans and
shows until they had passed the Third Standard?”
They would not be in a worse position than other working classes
are. As a rule, they spend much more money in drink than
labourers in our towns and villages do. All the working classes,
except the two I refer to, are prohibited from sending their children
to work before they have passed the Fourth Standard, and I am sure
that the little gipsy, acrobat and other children attending stalls,
shows, and cocoa-nut establishments endure more trying
occupations, long hours, and severe toil than our factory children.
Question 20. “How would you deal with those gipsies, and others
who are living and huddling together in old vans and other places,
whose travelling homes the Sanitary Inspectors would not pass as
habitable?”
There would be three ways open to them: First, they must be
compelled to hire a habitable van, which vans can be had on hire at
Bristol and other places; or, secondly, they must go into settled
homes; or, thirdly, we must apply the plan I propose for granting
them long leases of common or waste land at a nominal rent.
Question 21. “Will you explain why it is that you would charge ten
shillings per annum for vans, and only five shillings per annum for
canal boats?”
Canal boats are engaged in furthering commerce, and thus add to
the wealth of the country. In the case of gipsy vans, the owners use
the roads of the country and pay neither rates nor taxes, and they
do not, except those who use their vans to hawk goods round the
country, add to the welfare of the nation, and for that reason I
would suggest a little heavier registration fee. Gipsies and canal
boatmen can move about the country for centuries and not be called
upon to pay one farthing for any kind of rates, which is a pleasure
they ought to enjoy without one moment’s delay.
Question 22. “You say in your Canal Boats Act Amendment Bill, and
you want the principle extended to vans, that no child or young
person should be allowed to work for either hire or profit on
Sundays. Would not this be rather hard upon poverty?”
The law prohibits children and young persons being employed in
other occupations, and there is no earthly reason why the poor
travelling children should toil seven days a week. I claim that if
children employed all-week in light healthy work are exempted from
Sunday labour, then most surely children tramping the country in
vans should have the same right. In Section 21 Clause 3 of the
Factory and Workshop Act, 1878, 41 Vict. ch. 16, it is laid down that
“a child, young person, or woman shall not be employed in a factory
or workshop” with some exceptions; so you will see that I do not go
so far as the Section I have quoted does, although the travelling
children need the protection more.
Question 23. “How would you do in the case of boats conveying
perishable goods?”
The boats should be worked by adults as fly boats are.
Question. 24. “Do you not think that your plan would interfere too
much with the liberty of Englishmen? Ought not a traveller to be
allowed to live where he likes and how he likes?”
Yes: providing it were good for the nation and everybody did the
same. My plan would not interfere with the liberty of the gipsies and
other travellers nearly so much as the law already interferes with the
liberties of others of her Majesty’s subjects. People living in ships,
houses, palaces, cellars, barracks, cabs, coaches, and carriages have
to conform to healthy rules and sanitary requirements. I knew a
case of a travelling house conveying small-pox to a large town and
causing more than 2,000 deaths. I have known over and over again
of cases where infectious diseases have been carried through the
country by means of canal boats and vans. Only the other day a
man, wife, and five children came to our door with an old
tumbledown pony and rickety waggon. The little box upon the top
of the waggon, used as “sleeping apartments” for the whole of the
family, would not be seventy cubic feet of space. Even in this little
crib the five children were all ill of a highly infectious disease, which
they were carrying through the country. The two main influences I
want to bring to bear upon the little travellers and their homes are
the universally acknowledged social laws for elevating those living in
the gutter, viz., education and sanitation. With the thorough
application of these to little gipsies I shall be satisfied, and then the
children will have made the first step in a gradual improvement,
leading them to Christianity and civilization, so that they shall be
strong enough in brain and muscle to turn the world upside down
and downside up. I want the road to school made easier than the
road to jail, and I would prefer seeing the sanitary inspector and
School Board officer walk into the gipsy vans than either the
policeman or the doctor.
Question 25. “How do you propose carrying out the Act? Would you
leave the matter entirely in the hands of the local authorities?”
I propose that the registration and local inspection should be done
by the local authorities in the town or places through which the vans
passed or stayed, as the case might be. I do not think that it would
be wise to place the actual working out of the plans I propose in the
hands of the Local Government Board. The Local Government Board
should only be called upon to appoint one or two Inspectors to visit
the fairs and other places occasionally to see that the local
authorities properly carried out the Act. I recommend the same
course in the “Canal Boats Act Amendment Bill.”
Question 26. “How would you propose paying the Government
Inspectors? Would their salaries be an increased charge upon the
Treasury?”
No: the Inspectors would not cost the country one farthing, as the
profits arising from the 5s. stamped registration certificates would
more than pay the Government for their expenses of supervision;
and the other 5s., together with the fines, would satisfy the local
authorities.
Question 27. “What number of travelling families are there in the
country who would be called upon to take out annual registration
certificates?”
I should think at a rough calculation there will be between six and
eight thousand, which would yield a sum of £1,500 to £2,000
annually.
Question 28. “You refer in your Congress papers to the granting of a
portion of land to certain classes of the gipsies who are desirous of
settling down, on long leases at a nominal rent. Do you think the
gipsies would agree to this plan?”
I do most assuredly—i.e., if any reliance is to be placed upon their
own statements, and I think they are worthy of credence. In the
first place, the land should be granted to those gipsies who have
been on the road during the last twelve months only. Secondly, I
would grant to each family of man, wife, and two children, four
acres; this would, after the first year, enable a man to keep a cow
and grow vegetables enough for the family. Supposing there were
three thousand families, they would require 12,000 acres of waste
land. To meet the expenses, and to provide ways and means, a
society should be founded principally upon philanthropic and
business principles combined, and this—or, better still, the
Government—should grant small sums of money to the tenants by
way of loan at a small interest, to enable them to erect a hut, and to
provide food for the first year. Of course the money should be
advanced gradually as the work and other things progressed. I
should think that £100 for each family would be amply sufficient to
tide them over the first year, to be spent as follows: £30 for the hut;
£40 for one year’s keep; £17 for a little Welsh cow; £3 for pig and
fowls; and £10 for tools and implements. The Society advancing the
money should have a lien upon the land until all the money
advanced had been paid back. Proper safeguards would have to be
taken on all sides.
Question 29. “What would be the ultimate effect of this plan of
allotting land to the gipsies and other travellers?”
The gain would be infinite. The men, women, and children would be
drawn from a life of vagabondage, theft, and idleness to one of work
and profit to themselves and the country’s good. Of course all
would require time to work out. If the three thousand families were
eating bread of their own earning, and cultivating twelve thousand
acres of land which is at present bringing forth nothing but moor
game and partridges, the results would be heavenly and eternal
pleasure to themselves and the country. Any of my plans would be
a thousand times better than destroying parental responsibility by
taking their children from them by force and sending them to
industrial schools, “and turning their parents loose” upon society to
inculcate their idle, lying, cheating habits and customs into others
they may be brought in contact with, who stand ready with open
mouths to receive gipsy lies, damning tricks, cheating, and lore as
gospel.
Question 30. “On behalf of the various Christian churches
throughout the country, would you kindly tell us what steps you
would take for improving the spiritual condition of the gipsies, canal
boatmen, and other travellers? Would you organize a missionary
society with a staff of officials, secretaries, travellers, agents, &c.,
with headquarters in London?”
No. If such an organization was started it is my decided conviction
that but little good would be the result. Missionaries, like other
folks, desire to see the fruits of their labours, which, owing to the
fluctuating habits of the boaters, gipsies, and others, they are
unable to see. The only way in which missionary organization could
work successfully would be to have a few vans and temporary
booths, such as some of the show people use as “boxing
establishments,” and to place them in charge of a good man and his
wife, who would live in the van and visit some of the principal fairs
in the country. Religious services and a Sunday-school could be
conducted in the booths on Sundays, and a day-school for those
children whom the law would allow to travel with their parents on
week days, or at any rate on the morning of fair days. The man and
his wife could conduct a religious service at nights, and also
distribute during the day, when not engaged in the school, religious
periodicals and other literature of the kind. By far the better plan
will be for the various religious denominations in each town to set to
work in right good earnest to remedy the evil as it comes
periodically into their midst. Local missionary societies might be
formed, composed of all sections of Christ’s Church, to erect a
temporary wooden booth to stand side by side of the devil’s booths
during fair time. Here religious services could be conducted by
various societies in their turn. The members of the Church of
England to have the use of the booth, say on Saturday; the
Wesleyans, Monday; the Congregationalists on Tuesday; the Baptists
on Wednesday; the Primitive Methodists on Thursday, and so on
through the week, the various sections following each other in their
proper order. Sometimes it would happen that the Wesleyans would
have the booth on the Saturday night, and the Church of England on
the Sunday. I am not a believer in a work of this kind being left to a
few. It should be the duty of all Christians and philanthropists to
help forward the cause of the children. Those who give money
would give time too, if asked and set to work. As a rule the givers
are the workers, if they know when to begin and how to begin.
Another plan would be to follow the usual course carried out in
missioning back streets, &c., viz., to sing, distribute tracts among the
travellers, gipsies, and others, speaking at the same time faithful
words of counsel, reproof, warning, caution. Whatever course is
followed, the persons engaged in trying to improve the condition of
the gipsies and others must not go about it in a kind of stand-off
manner. When they want to shake hands with either canal boatmen
or gipsies, their fingers must not be put out as if they were tied
upon the end of a cold poker, and they were afraid of the rough grip
of a gipsy crushing it to powder. A warm heart and a pleasant word
are passports that will admit any man or woman into boat cabins,
gipsy tents, and travellers’ rooms. A prying inquisitiveness these
people abhor and detest, and they will resent it to the utmost. Any
little matters relating to their lives, habits, &c., they will tell to
friends whose object is their good without “pumping.” Whoever
ministers to the boatmen, gipsies, or travellers must be prepared to
eat at their tables, and drink out of their cups, even if it be on the
ground among mud, out of a dirty basin, and served with dirtier
hands. They do not think they are dirty, and those who visit them
must, if they mean to do any good among them, shut their eyes and
hold their tongues to things they do not like. Little acts of kindness
are not forgotten by them, and a word of faithful reproof they will
appreciate—i.e., if it comes from a man or woman who means their
present and eternal welfare. I have said most hard and faithful
things to them, as most people know, for which I have not at their
hands been subjected to insult or abuse. In a few cases where I
have been misunderstood, I have come in for my share, but
afterwards they have been sorry for it. The electrical sparks of
sympathy in their nature will not manifest themselves at the touch of
selfish hands. It is only the love and sympathy in the hearts of
those who visit them that brings out the finer feelings of the boaters
and gipsies to perform deeds of love. I now say again, what I have
often said before, that the best missionary agency for effecting their
spiritual good will be the proper carrying out of an Act on the lines I
have laid down. When once the children are taught to read, the
next step should be to see that books of the right kind are placed in
their hands, and, with the blessing of Heaven, the first step towards
a moral reformation in the habits, lives, and customs of our gipsies,
canal boatmen, and other travelling tribes and classes, will have
been taken for their eternal welfare.
Question 31. “Can you give us any proof of gipsies having taken to
civilized customs and usages, having risen in the social scale equal
to other law-abiding subjects?”
I will only give you a few names. One of the best and sweetest
singers who ever sang before the Russian nobility was a gipsy
damsel. One of the best actresses that ever put her foot upon an
English stage was a gipsy. A celebrated Scotch clergyman of this
late day is of gipsy parentage; and so is also one of the present-day
Wesleyan ministers. Some sculpture and carving in the large hall of
the House of Commons is from gipsy hands; at any rate there was
more than two-thirds of gipsy blood in the artist’s veins—I have been
told that he was a thorough gipsy. The wife of one of our celebrated
London architects is, or nearly so, of gipsy parentage; and the
beautiful little songsters she can paint are most charming. You
could almost imagine when you see her handiwork that you could
hear the pretty little creatures warbling and piping forth God’s
praises. They adorn many drawing-rooms. Recently I have heard of
two gipsies in Surrey who own two rows of houses as a result of
their civilized habits. Others could be named who have saved
money, and are a credit to themselves and the country. John
Bunyan was a gipsy, as every one knows who has read his work and
studied his temperament, habits, character, early life, and
surroundings. If there had never been a gipsy in the world but John
Bunyan who had risen out of a wigwam, he would afford sufficient
proof that gipsies, if taken by the hand, can step towards heaven,
and draw others up after them. I knew a number of gipsies who
have lived decent lives and have died happy in God. There are to be
seen to-day gipsies wending their way to God’s house on Sundays,
preparing themselves for the changes which await us all.
Question 32. “Before we part we should like to ask you what effect
legislation would have upon the travellers and gipsies? Would the
numbers increase or decrease?”
With the proper carrying out of the education clauses and sanitary
plans I propose, wisely and firmly, the number of gipsies would very
soon decrease, and the sanitary inspectors and School Board officers
would be the instruments for bringing this desirable result about.
Persecution, policeman, and the jail will cause gipsyism to grow,
while education and sanitation will divert it into healthy channels.
GEORGE SMITH, of Coalville.
Welton Daventry,
December 31, 1882.
 APPENDIX B.
LETTER TO THE RIGHT HON. EARL
ABERDARE.

The following remarks are the substance of a letter I sent to the

Right Hon. Earl Aberdare—who has been a friend to the cause I
have in hand, and more than kind to myself—on May 24, 1882, in
reply to some questions his lordship put to me with reference to
some of the details of my plans for properly carrying out the Canal
Boats Act of 1877; and as they will apply with equal force to the
carrying out of my gipsy plans when my Canal Amending Bill is
passed, I deem it right that they should find a place here.
“At the present time there will be, at a rough calculation, nearly
10,000 boats registered. In 1879 there were over 5,000 boats
registered, and the number, owing principally to my continued
agitation, has kept increasing. Supposing that there are only 10,000
boats registered—with the prospect of another 5,000—this would, if
the registration certificates were stamped with a half-crown stamp,
as I suggest to be paid by the boatowner, produce an annual
amount of £1,250, which would be quite sufficient to cover the
expenses of Government supervision, inquiries, and annual reports.
“More than half of the hundred registration authorities throughout
the country do not pay any increased salaries to the local
registration officers for registering the boats, and the little inspection
that has been done by them.
“In some instances £10 per annum has been added to the salaries of
the officers. In some cases more than £10, and in other cases less
than £10 has been added. In one instance the amount of £1 per
boat has been given to the medical officer of health for registering
the boats.
“The officers, in my humble opinion, best qualified to see to the
inspection and registration of the boats under the Amending Bill are
the sanitary officers.
“I do not propose, nor do I think that it would be wise under present
circumstances, to establish an army of Government inspectors, with
all their attendant charges upon the Treasury. One or two
Government officials supervising the carrying out of the act and
making occasional and unexpected visits to various canal centres or
otherwise, and also advising and working with the local registration
officers in the carrying out of the Act and the regulations of the
Local Government Board, is what I would recommend, at any rate in
the first instance. Of course time and practice, as with other Acts,
would develop the weak and faulty places—if there be any—of the
measure.
“To meet the expenses of the registration and increased salaries of
local inspectors, I propose that the master or captain of each boat
shall pay to the local registration authorities an annual sum of two
shillings and sixpence at the time when the annual certificate of
registration is taken out; this would bring the total amount of the
registration to the same as that now charged, viz., five shillings, for
the first year, and the only registration that has taken place. No plan
will be a success unless the certificate of registration be renewed
annually. When the Act of 1877 came into operation it was expected
by the boatowners and boatmen that there was to be an annual
payment and registration fee, and I did not hear of any objection to
it worth naming.
“After the first registration, and with the assistance of the
Government inspectors or supervisors, the carrying out of the Act of
1877 and this Act will not be so troublesome and expensive a matter
as is supposed.
“I do not think that, after a year or two, when the Act has got into
working order, there will be any difficulty in the registration
authorities being able to obtain an annual registration fee of five
shillings, apart from the stamped certificates, which would make a
total of seven shillings and sixpence for each boat.” [With the
payment of this amount, supposing that the canal children are
receiving a free education, as I suggest they should, the boatmen
with children of school age will be more than £1 per annum
gainers.] “Even this amount is but a trifle when it is considered that
boatmen and boatowners use the resources of the country, and
neither pay rates nor taxes for their boats floating upon our rivers
and canals. Or if it was advisable to raise the local registration fee
from that which I now propose, viz., half a crown, to five shillings, it
could be done without increasing the registration fee to be paid by
the boatmen to the registration authority by dropping the half-crown
stamped certificate and the Government paying for the expenses of
Government supervision and inspection out of the Imperial Treasury,
which, I am told, they are unwilling to do.
“To illustrate my meaning more clearly with reference to the
registration fee I am now recommending, I will take the case of
Leeds as a sample. Up to 1879 the local inspector at Leeds had
registered two hundred canal boats at five shillings each, producing
the sum of £50 to meet the expenses of the local inspection and
registration, and not one farthing in either fines or fees has been
received by the registration authority at Leeds from the boatowners
or boatmen since for the inspection and registration. Whatever little
time has been devoted by the local authorities to the carrying out of
the Act, it has been done at the cost of the ratepayers at Leeds.
According to the plan I propose there will be, under the Amending
Bill, a yearly income from two hundred registered boats of £25 to
the Leeds registration authorities, and £25 per annum to the
Government for the two hundred stamped certificates.
“I may add that the annual registration fee is fixed by the Local
Government Board in their regulations, and can, without a fresh Act
of Parliament, be altered at any time.
“Another source of income to the local authorities, provided for
under the Bill, and which would help to make the Act of 1877 and
this Act thoroughly successful, will be that derived from the fines,
which, under the Act of 1877, have hitherto been handed over to the
county funds instead of to those who have been at the expense and
trouble of enforcing the Act. The fines and fees will, I think, cover
the whole of the expenses without taking any money from the local
rates, or drawing upon the Imperial Treasury to any extent worth
naming.
“In course of time, as the Act worked out, it might be desirable that
the captain or master of the boat should have a certificate of
qualification or registration, to be renewed annually. The better
class of boatmen would be pleased with this arrangement, and it
would have a beneficial effect upon the boatmen generally, as in the
case of captains of vessels, &c.
“Objection might be taken to the yearly registration of canal boats.
Some might say that registration every three years would be quite
sufficient. The yearly registration, if carried out upon a plan set
forth in my ‘Canal Adventures by Moonlight,’ page 219, would be a
very much simpler affair than even in every three years.
“Canal boats often change hands both as regards ownership and
mastership. To register the boats every three years it would be
necessary, in order to keep a clue of the boats, to have clerks and a
set of books wherein to enter the frequent changes. This plan in
many cases would be a troublesome matter.
“Boats registered every year would be easily kept in view. The
annual registration would bring both the boatowner and captain to
the front.
“Owing to the children living in the boats being under the school
authorities at which place the boats are registered as belonging to, it
might be desirable, for many reasons, that the place of registration
should be changed. I will take a case to explain my meaning.
Suppose a boat is registered at Liverpool for three years; the
children living in the boat, according to the Act of 1877, belong to
Liverpool the length of time for which the boat is registered. But
suppose in the course of a few months after the boat has been
registered for three years the captain or master comes to work his
boat near London. Naturally the captain would like to have his home
and family near London and his children going to school near him.
If the boat was registered at Liverpool for three years he could not
remove his family till the time of registration was expired.
“The yearly registration would simplify the whole thing, and to a
great extent overcomes cases of the above kind. With a change of
the registration authority, a change of the school authority to which
the boat children belong takes place as an outcome of the
registration of the boats.
“GEORGE SMITH, of Coalville.
“December 31, 1882.”

UNWIN BROTHERS, THE GRESHAM PRESS, CHILWORTH AND LONDON.

CATALOGUE
OF
 NEW AND RECENT
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PUBLISHED BY
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1884.
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Book Buyers are requested to order any Books they may require
from their local Bookseller.
Should any difficulty arise, the Publisher will be happy to forward
any Book, Carriage Free, to any Country in the Postal Union, on
receipt of the price marked in this list, together with full Postal
Address.
Customers wishing to present a book to a friend can send a card
containing their name and a dedication or inscription to be enclosed,
and it will be forwarded to the address given.
Remittances should be made by Money Order, draft on London,
registered letter, or half-penny stamps.
After perusal of this Catalogue, kindly pass it on to some Book-
buying friend.
 CATALOGUE OF Mr T. FISHER
UNWIN’S PUBLICATIONS.

EUPHORION: Studies of the Antique and the Mediæval in the

Renaissance. By Vernon Lee, Author of “Ottilie,” &c. In 2 vols. Demy
8vo., cloth extra. £1 1s.

“The book is bold, extensive in scope, and replete with well-

defined and unhackneyed ideas, clear impressions, and vigorous
and persuasive modes of writing. . . . Large questions have
been scrutinized in a comprehensive spirit, and are treated with
both breadth and minuteness, according to the scale of the
work. This will be apparent from a list of articles in the two
volumes. After an introduction comes ‘The Sacrifice,’ ‘The Italy
of the Elizabethan Dramatists,’ ‘The Outdoor Poetry,’ and
‘Symmetria Prisca.’ . . . ‘The Portrait Art,’ ‘The School of Boiardo.’
. . . Lastly comes the longest essay of all, ‘Mediæval Love,’
filling nearly one hundred pages. This is certainly a masterly
performance, going over a wide field, and showing at every
stage abundant discrimination.”—Athenæum.
“It is richly suggestive, stimulating, and helpful. No student can
afford to pass it by, and no library of importance should be
without it. By the side of Hallam’s volumes and Mr. Addington
Symonds’ History it will be handy as a supplement and as a kind
of appendix; and as such we very cordially recommend it.”—
British Quarterly Review.
 “It is a distinct advance on Vernon Lee’s previous work. The
impressions it records are as vividly individual as ever, the
knowledge which informs it is fuller and riper. It deals with a
period incomparably more interesting than the ‘teacup times of
hood and hoop,’ through whose mazes her first work led us so
pleasantly; and it has more unity and continuity than ‘Belcaro.’
Its title is most happily chosen, since the studies all converge
upon that mystic union of the mediæval Faust with the Helen of
antiquity from which the Renaissance sprang.”—Pall Mall
Gazette.
“Every page of ‘Euphorion’ give evidence of immense reading in
Renaissance and in mediæval literature, and the author
possesses the sure instinct so needful in a student of old books,
which leads her to the passages where intellectual booty is to
be found. . . . Deserves a most cordial welcome as a fresh and
original contribution to the history of civilization and art; written
in graceful and often eloquent English.”—Spectator.
“Careful study, independent thought, and fine writing—this is a
book notable and noteworthy in every respect.”—Academy.

ARMINIUS VAMBÉRY; His Life and Adventures. Written by

himself. With Portrait and 14 Illustrations. Fourth and Popular
Edition. Square Imperial 16mo., cloth extra. 6s.

“A most fascinating work, full of interesting and curious

experiences.”—Contemporary Review.
“It is partly an autobiographic sketch of character, partly an
account of a singularly daring and successful adventure in the
exploration of a practically unknown country. In both aspects it
deserves to be spoken of as a work of great interest and of
considerable merit.”—Saturday Review.
“This remarkable book is partly an autobiographical sketch of
character, partly a record of a singularly bold and successful
attempt to explore a country which at the time when Professor
Vambéry undertook his journey was practically terra incognita. .
. . Professor Vambéry’s Autobiography is omnium consensu a
work of very great interest and merit.”—Life.
“We can follow M. Vambéry’s footsteps in Asia with pride and
pleasure; we welcome every word he has to tell us about the
ethnography and the languages of the East.”—Academy.
“Professor Vambéry, of Pest, has just published a book in
England that tells the story of his life; a book that forms, under
every aspect, most agreeable reading. It is not only a deeply
interesting account of his adventurous career, but it is also
written in a light and attractive manner, so that the reader’s
attention does not flag for a moment.”—Die Gegenwart.
“The character and temperament of the writer come out well in
his quaint and vigorous style. . . . The expressions, too, in
English, of modes of thought and reflections cast in a different
mould from our own gives additional piquancy to the
composition, and, indeed, almost seems to bring out
unexpected capacities in the language.”—Athenæum.
“There is something in his travels which reminds us of the
wanderings of Oliver Goldsmith. . . . The English public will find
their interest in him increased rather than diminished by this
graphic account of his life and adventures.”—British Quarterly
Review.
“Has all the fascination of a lively romance. It is the confession
of an uncommon man; an intensely clever, extraordinarily
energetic egotist, well-informed, persuaded that he is in the
right and impatient of contradiction.”—Daily Telegraph.
“The work is written in a most captivating manner, and
illustrates the qualities that should be possessed by the
explorer.”—Novoe Vremya, Moscow.
 “We are glad to see a popular edition of a book, which, however
it be regarded, must be pronounced unique. The writer, the
adventures, and the style are all extraordinary—the last not the
least of the three. It is flowing and natural—a far better style
than is written by the majority of English travellers.”—St.
James’s Gazette.
* *
* Over Eighty other English and Foreign periodicals have reviewed
this work.
THE AMAZON: An Art Novel. By Carl Vosmaer. With Preface by
Professor George Ebers, and Frontispiece drawn specially by L. Alma
Tadema, R.A. Crown 8vo., cloth. 6s.

“It is a delineation of inner life by the hand of a master. It

belongs to the school of Corinne, but is healthier and nobler,
and in its thought and style fully equal to Madame de Stäel’s
famous work. We do not wonder at the European recognition of
its great merits.”—British Quarterly Review.
“Throughout the book there is a fine air of taste, reminding one
a little of Longfellow’s ‘Hyperion.’”—The World.
“It is a work full of deep, suggestive thought. M. Vosmaer, in
writing it, has added another testimony to his artistic greatness
and depth.”—The Academy.
“One meets with delicate and striking views about antique and
modern art, about old Rome and Italy. Moreover, the plot is
interesting. One cannot but feel interested in the persons.
Their characters are drawn with great skill.”—Revue Suisse.

GLADYS FANE: The Story of Two Lives. By T. Wemyss Reid. Fourth

and popular edition. In 1 vol. Crown 8vo., cloth extra. 6s.

“One of the most delightful novels it has been our pleasure to

read for many a long day.”—Pictorial World.
 “‘Gladys Fane’ is a good and clever book, which few readers
who begin it are likely to put down unfinished, and which shows
considerable powers of telling a story.”—Saturday Review.
“The author of the delightful monograph on ‘Charlotte Bronte’
has given us in these volumes a story as beautiful as life and as
sad as death. . . . We could not ‘wear in our heart’s core’ the
man who could read aloud with unfaltering voice and undimmed
eyes the last pages of this prose story, which is almost a poem,
and which
‘Dallies with the innocence of love
Like the old age.’”—Standard.
“Mr. T. Wemyss Reid, the talented editor of the Leeds Mercury,
has in ‘Gladys Fane’ developed wonderful power as a writer of
fiction. ‘Gladys Fane’ is no ordinary tale; the conventionalities of
the present-day novel writer are not observed, but Mr. Reid
gives us what should be the aim of all who produce light
literature, something novel.”—Guardian.
“She is thoroughly original; her portrait is carefully finished; and
it may safely be said that if Mr. Reid has a few more characters
like this in reserve, his success as a novelist is assured. . . . It is
a sound piece of work, and, above all, it is very enjoyable
reading.”—Academy.
“The beautiful and terse descriptions of scenery which we find
in this story themselves suggest a genuine poetic element in Mr.
Wemyss Reid. . . . We heartily welcome his success in this new
field.”—Spectator.

SUMMER: From the Journal of Henry D. Thoreau. Edited by H. G. O.

Blake. With an Index. Map. Crown 8vo., cloth, 382 pp. 7s. 6d.
This volume will contain passages selected from Thoreau’s Journals,
comprising his observations and reflections during the summers of
many years. Some of these are descriptive, with that fine
photographic accuracy which marks Thoreau’s pictures of natural
scenes. Other passages contain those subtle reflections on society,
religion, laws, literature, which also characterize whatever Thoreau
wrote, and which pique the curiosity and stimulate the minds of his
readers. The book has a full index. Thoreau himself seems to have
contemplated a work of this kind, for in his Journal he writes of “A
book of the seasons, each page of which should be written in its
own season and out-of-doors, or in its own locality, wherever it may
be.”
HENRY IRVING: in England and America, 1838–1884. By Frederic
Daly. With a Vignette Portrait, specially etched from a Private
Photograph taken by S. A. Walker, by Ad. Lalauze; printed on hand-
made paper by M. Salmon, of Paris. Second thousand. Crown 8vo.,
cloth extra. 5s.

“Mr. Frederic Daly has brought together an interesting mass of

facts which will be acceptable to the admirers of the eminent
actor. Mr. Daly writes with judicious moderation, and without
excessive adulation, thoroughly appreciates the deservedly high
position occupied by the subject of his biography.”—Athenæum.
“Mr. Daly is a strong though by no means undiscriminating
admirer of Mr. Irving. This easy and well-written narrative gives
a good idea of the popular actor’s career.”—Contemporary
Review.
“Conscientiously full, thoughtfully considered, and gracefully
written.”—Daily Telegraph.
“It refers succinctly to Mr. Irving’s literary efforts, essays, and
addresses, and concludes with a survey of Mr. Irving’s personal
characteristics. . . . An interesting and useful volume. . . . A
portrait of Mr. Irving, etched by M. Lalauze, is admirable in
execution.”—Saturday Review.
“Written with discriminating taste.”—The World.
 “Mr. Daly sets forth his materials with a due sense of proportion,
and writes in a pleasing vein.”—Daily News.

SETTLING DAY: A Sketch from Life. By Sophie Argent. Crown 8vo.,

cloth. 3s. 6d.

“A charming story of real life, and one that is as true to human

nature as it is true to facts.”—Congregationalist.
“A pleasant and wholesome little novelette. . . . It is agreeably
written.”—Society.

THE FUTURE WORK OF FREE TRADE IN ENGLISH

LEGISLATION. I. Free Trade in Land. II. Financial Reform. III.
Monopolies. (The Cobden Club Prize Essay for 1883.) By C. E.
Troup, B.A., Balliol College, Oxford. Crown 8vo., cloth. 3s. 6d.

“Mr. Troup has written a valuable contribution to the history of

the dispute between Protection and Free Trade. Though it is
possible to differ from his conclusions, no one can deny the
ability with which he has marshalled his facts.”—Oxford and
Cambridge Undergraduates’ Journal.
“Lucid in style, and based on a thorough comprehension of
economic science, the book deserves the attention of all who
are interested in the questions of which it treats—questions
which are likely to assume prominence in the not-distant
future.”—Scotsman.
“Leaves no doubt in the reader’s mind that Mr. Troup fully
earned his prize by treating the whole subject in a spirit of
discrimination as well as with undoubted ability.”—Leeds
Mercury.

ORIENTAL CARPETS: How they are Made and Conveyed to

Europe. With a Narrative of a Journey to the East in Search of
Them. By Herbert Coxon. Illustrated with Plates and Map. Demy
8vo., cloth extra. 3s. 6d.

“We have many new and interesting facts, put in an extremely

readable form, concerning carpets and the makers and dealers
in them.”—Literary World.
“Mr. Herbert Coxon has put together on this subject a readable
and interesting volume.”—Derby Mercury.

STOPS; or, How to Punctuate. With Instructions for Correcting

Proofs, &c. By Paul Allardyce. Third edition. Demy 16mo.,
parchment antique or cloth. 1s.

“Is a clear and useful little book, which is written with more
literary skill than is usually shown in such manuals. Mr.
Allardyce will no doubt do more important work.”—Athenæum.
“At the end Mr. Allardyce gives the useful example of how to
correct a proof—an art which some of those who live by the pen
never master thoroughly.”—Saturday Review.
“We have hardly any words but those of praise to give to his
very thoughtful, very dainty little book.”—Journal of Education.
“We can conceive no more desirable present to a literary
aspirant.”—Academy.

CENTENARY SERIES.
1. JOHN WICLIF, Patriot and Reformer: his Life and Writings. By
Rudolf Buddensieg, Lic. Theol., Leipsic. Parchment covers, Antique
printing. 2s.

“Mr. Fisher Unwin has printed in delicious old text, with a

frontispiece and vellum binding worthy of an old Elzevir, Mr.
Rudolf Buddensieg’s brief extracts from Wiclif’s writings. . . .