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The document contains class 12 physics notes covering key concepts across various chapters, including electric charges, electrostatics, current electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, and optics. It outlines fundamental laws and equations such as Coulomb's Law, Ohm's Law, Faraday’s Law, and Maxwell’s Equations, along with topics on atomic structure and semiconductor electronics. Additionally, it addresses communication systems and the principles of signal modulation and transmission.

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6 views

0A8hJewcLW

The document contains class 12 physics notes covering key concepts across various chapters, including electric charges, electrostatics, current electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, and optics. It outlines fundamental laws and equations such as Coulomb's Law, Ohm's Law, Faraday’s Law, and Maxwell’s Equations, along with topics on atomic structure and semiconductor electronics. Additionally, it addresses communication systems and the principles of signal modulation and transmission.

Uploaded by

ssumitpp1122
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 12 Physics Notes (2 Pages)

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields


Coulomb's Law: F=kq1q2r2F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}
Electric Field: E=FqE = \frac{F}{q}
Gauss's Theorem: E dA=qε0\oint E \cdot dA = \frac{q}{\varepsilon_0}

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance


Electric Potential (V): Work done per unit charge.
Capacitance (C): C=QVC = \frac{Q}{V}
Energy Stored: U=12CV2U = \frac{1}{2} C V^2

Chapter 3: Current Electricity


Ohm's Law: V=IRV = IR
Resistivity (\rho): R=ρLAR = \rho \frac{L}{A}
Kirchhoff’s Laws: Junction and Loop rule.

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism


Lorentz Force: F=q(E+v×B)F = q(E + v \times B)
Biot-Savart Law: B=μ04πIdLsin θr2B= \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \frac{I dL \sin\theta}{r^2}
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Magnetic Dipole Moment: M=m×2lM = m \times 2l
Earth’s Magnetism: Declination, Inclination.

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction


Faraday’s Law: ε=−dΦdt\varepsilon = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt}
Lenz’s Law: Induced current opposes the cause.

Chapter 7: Alternating Current


Reactance: XL=ωLX_L = \omega L, XC=1ωCX_C = \frac{1}{\omega C}
Power in AC: P=VIcos =P VI \cos\phi

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves


Maxwell’s Equations: Unified theory of electromagnetism.
EM Wave Speed: c=1μ0ε0c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0 \varepsilon_0}}

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments


Lens Formula: 1f=1v−1u\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u}
Total Internal Reflection: Critical angle condition.
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Young’s Double-Slit Experiment: y=λDdy = \frac{\lambda D}{d}
Diffraction & Polarization.

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter


Photoelectric Equation: Kmax=hν− K_{max}= h\nu - \phi
de Broglie Wavelength: λ=hmv\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}

Chapter 12: Atoms and Nuclei


Bohr’s Model: En=−13.6n2E_n = -\frac{13.6}{n^2} eV
Radioactive Decay: N=N0e−λtN = N_0 e^{-\lambda t}

Chapter 13: Semiconductor Electronics


Diodes, Transistors, Logic Gates.

Chapter 14: Communication Systems


Modulation, Transmission, and Reception of Signals.

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