Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No.

0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

STP No: Location: Ethiopian Aviation Academy Date : March 2017

ET-AF04
Completed by: Yussuf Abdulkadir
Page 1 of 10
Mihret Tesfaye
Module Title: ET-AF04 M1 Aircraft Landing Gear Systems Module No: M1
End-of-Module Objective:

Conditions: For a given Landing Gear, Steering, Brake and Tire Systems

Performance: Identify operation, testing, inspection, removal and installation of landing

gear systems and components.

Standard: following appropriate and applicable maintenance manual.

Intermediate Objectives:
 Describe the general constructional features of various landing gear arrangements
and structures.
 List the different components of a typical landing gear system and describe the
purpose of each.
 State the principles of operation of different shock absorption mechanisms.
 Describe the assembly and principles of operation of the retractable landing gear and
emergency landing gear extension systems
 Describe aircraft steering mechanisms
 Describe the different types of aircraft brake systems and the principles of operation
of modern brake mechanisms.
 Describe applications of aircraft anti-skid systems and principles of operations.
 Describe the various types of wheels used on aircraft and state their application.
 Describe the precautions to be observed during inflation of aircraft tires.
 Describe inspection, testing, troubleshooting, and servicing of landing gear system.
 Describe removal/installation of major landing gear components.

General Notes for the Instructor:

Encourage trainees to discuss the various aspects Landing Gear Systems, and cite
examples from their own experience. It is strongly recommended that a sample Aircraft
Maintenance Manual (MM), Service Manual and ET-AF04 M1 training note be handed out
to trainees.

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 1 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
Introduction Display the title of the module and tell the trainees little
PPT 1.1 about the importance of this module. Tell the trainees
that knowing the types of landing gear, breaks, steering
and tires and their servicing and maintenance is critical
and very important as a technician to maintain and keep
the aircraft in an airworthy condition without being
affected structurally or damaged.

20 min Describe the end – of - module objective and point out

Objectives that there will be a Mastery Test which matches the
PPT 1.2 – 1.4 objective.

Present the Module structure and inform trainees that

Module Structure there will be practical exercises in each lesson.
PPT 1.5 – 1.6
Landing Gear Display the title of the lesson and tell the trainees little
Fundamentals about the lesson.
PPT 1.7

30 min
Introduction Define what a landing gear is. Describe the purpose of
PPT 1.8 – 1.14 the landing gear. Mention the requirements of landing
gear system. Describe the classification of landing gears
Describe the landing gear arrangement types
Explain Tail wheel type landing gear. Tell the
advantages and disadvantages
Landing Gears
(PPT 1.18 instructors note describes the control of tail
Arrangements
25 min wheel aircraft on ground and in air)
PPT 1.15 -
Explain tandem arrangement.
1.23
Explain Tricycle arrangement. Tell the advantages.
Explain Nose gear and main gears
(PPT 1.23 instructors note describes the major
components of main landing gear)
Fixed & Retractable Explain fixed and retractable landing gears
15 min Landing Gear (PPT 1.24 instructors note explains about fixed
PPT 1.24 - landing gear)
1.26
Shock Absorbing & Explain on absorbing shock struts. Explain spring type
25 min Non-Shock Absorbing shock absorber. Explain rigid type shock absorber
Landing Gear Explain absorbing landing gear
PPT 1.26 – 1.31
10 min Lesson Summary Summarize main points of the lesson
PPT 1.32

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 2 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
20 min Major Landing Gear Display the lesson title and tell the trainees the overview
Components of the major components of landing gear
PPT 1.33 – 1.35
Tell the trainee the purpose of alignments and the types
of alignments. Explain toe in toe out alignments. Explain
positive camber and negative camber alignments
60 min Alignment and Support (Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.37 and PPT 1.38,
PPT 1.36 – 1.44
1.39, 1.41, 1.42)
Explain structures such as trunnion, side strut, drag strut
and axle of the landing gear
Describe the types of shock struts. Explain shock strut
construction and the components of shock strut.
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.46)
Explain the purpose of shock strut
Explain the operation of shock struts such as the
90 min Shock Strut
operation of air-oleo shock absorbers and spring oleo
PPT 1.45 – 1.61
shock absorbers
Explain shock strut servicing
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.57)
Explain bleeding of shock struts
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.61)
Explain the causes of shimmy. Describe the types of
Shimmy Dampers
60 min PPT 1.62 – 1.70 shimmy damper. Explain steer damper, vane type shimmy
damper (Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.66), piston
type shimmy damper, non-hydraulic shimmy damper
Tell the purpose of landing gear safety devices. Describe
the three types of safety devices
Landing Gear Safety Explain safety switch/ Squat switch (Refer the instructors
50 min
Devices note on PPT 1.72)
PPT 1.71 – 1.75 Explain ground lock pin (Refer the instructors note on PPT
1.73)
Explain nose wheel centering
15 min Lesson Summary Summarize main points of the lesson
PPT 1.76
Take the trainees to the Hangar and group them in to a
groups each having maximum of five members.

Practical Please make sure that equipment and resources are

210 ready ahead of time. Then distribute practical worksheet
Exercise
min ET-AF04-Ex1.1 and inform them to perform the
ET-AF0-Ex1.1
practical exercise.
While trainees perform the exercise, check and verify
trainees’ progress as outlined on the worksheet.

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 3 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
Take the trainees to the Hangar and group them in to a
groups each having maximum of five members.
Practical
420 Please make sure that equipment and resources are
Exercise ready ahead of time. Then distribute practical worksheet
min ET-AF0-Ex1.2 ET-AF04-Ex1.2 and inform them to perform the
practical exercise.
While trainees perform the exercise, check and verify
trainees’ progress as outlined on the worksheet.
Display the lesson title and tell the trainees the overview
Retraction and of the landing gear retraction and extension
15 min Extension System
PPT 1.77 – 1.81 Explain the purpose of retracting a landing gear
Describe the types of retraction mechanisms
Explain the electric/hydraulic system (a power pack
Electrically &
system). Describe the components and explain the
60 min Hydraulically Operated
Landing Gear operation for gear down and gear up
PPT 1.82 – 1.84
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.83, 1.84)
Light Aircraft Explain the light aircraft retraction and extension
Retraction & Extension systems. Mention the types of retraction mechanisms for
20 min light aircraft which are covered above
PPT 1.85
Explain the large aircraft retraction system. Mention
the pumps that generate pressure for the operation.
Describe the components of the hydraulic retraction and
extension system
Explain the operations of the retraction and extension
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.88 and PPT 1.89)
Explain the emergency extension system (Refer the
instructors note on PPT 1.90)
Large Aircraft Explain the associated components of the retraction
90 min Retraction & Extension and extension (Selector Valve, Hydraulic Actuator, Lock
PPT 1.86 – 1.96 and Release Mechanism)
Explain door sequencing operations. Mention the
components for opening and closing sequence of the
landing gear doors
Explain the air/ground sensing systems. Describe the
types of sensing systems
Explain the landing position indication systems.
Mention the lights and aural sounds for indication

30 min Lesson Summary Summarize main points of the lesson

PPT 1.97

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 4 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
Progress Test Display ET-AF04-PT1.1 and ask the trainees to provide
30 min
ET-AF02-PT1.1 their answers in written form. Collect trainee’s response
PTT 1.98 – 1.99 and provide feedback.
Nose Wheel Steering Display lesson title and introduce the content of the lesson.
15 min Systems
Describe the two steering systems (Nose wheel steering
PPT 1.100 - 1.101
system and Differential braking steering)

20 min Light Aircraft Steering Explain the light aircraft steering system, which is the
PPT 1.102 – 1.103 mechanical steering system
Describe the two types of steering on large aircraft
(Differential Brake and Power Steering)
Explain differential brake steering (Refer the instructors
note on PPT 1.105)
Explain power steering. Explain the power steering lay out
Large Aircraft Steering . Explain the operation of power steering systems (Refer
90 min PPT 1.104 – 1.119 the instructors note on PPT 1.111). Describe the
associated components for power steering. Explain
Steering Wheel (Tiller), Steering Control Valve
Explain Follow-Up System. Describe the follow-up system
components. Explain the follow-up system (Refer the
instructors note on PPT 1.117, 1.118)
Explain the Steering actuators, Steering Collar, Swivel
Valves, Safety Shut-Off Valve
15 min Lesson Summary Summarize main points of the lesson
PPT 1.120
Display lesson title and introduce the content of the lesson.
Landing Gear
20 min
Maintenance
PPT 1.121

Mention the major parts of the landing gear to be

Landing Gear
30 min inspected. Explain how to inspect and what to inspect
Inspection
Mention also the preconditions before inspecting the parts
PPT 1.122 - 1.123
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.122)
Describe the preparations before removal or installation of
Removal and
40 min landing gears
Installation
Describe the general procedures for removal and
PPT 1.124 – 1.127
installation of landing gears
10 min Lesson Summary Summarize main points of the lesson
PPT 1.128
Progress Test Display ET-AF04-PT1.2 and ask the trainees to provide
20 min
ET-AF02-PT1.2 their answers in written form. Collect trainee’s response
PTT 1.129 and provide feedback.

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 5 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
Take the trainees to the Hangar and group them in to a
groups each having maximum of five members.
Practical
210 Please make sure that equipment and resources are
Exercise ready ahead of time. Then distribute practical worksheet
min ET-AF04-Ex1.3 ET-AF04-Ex1.3 and inform them to perform the
practical exercise.
While trainees perform the exercise, check and verify
trainees’ progress as outlined on the worksheet.

Aircraft Wheels and Display lesson title and introduce the content of the lesson.
15 min
Brake System Mention the purpose of brake and explain the
PPT 1.130 - 1.131 requirements of brake
Describe the types of aircraft brakes
Explain shoe type brake. Describe the components of
shoe type. Explain the operations of shoe type (Refer the
instructors note on PPT 1.133)
Explain expander tube type. Describe the components of
the expander tube type. Explain the operations of the
expander tube type (Refer the instructors note on PPT
1.135, 1.136)
. Tell the disadvantages of the expander tube type
Describe the different types of disk brakes
Explain the single disk brake. Describe the components of
single disk brake. Explain the operations of single disk
Types and
brake (Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.140, 1.141)
Construction of Brake
90 min Explain dual disk brake (Refer the instructors note on PPT
Systems
1.147)
PPT 1.32 - 1.151
. Tell the trainee that the components and operation of
dual disk brake is the same as the single disk except
the no. of discs
Explain multiple disk brakes. Describe the components of
multiple discs brake assembly. Explain the operation of
multiple discs brake (Refer the instructors note on PPT
1.144, 1.145)
Explain carbon discs (Refer the instructors note on PPT
1.147)
Explain segmented rotor discs. Tell the trainees the
operation of segmented rotor discs is same as the
multiple disc
Explain torque tube of the brake assembly
90 min Brake Actuating Describe the tree brake actuating systems on aircraft
Systems brakes

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 6 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
PPT 1.152 - 1.167 Explain independent master cylinder system. Describe the
components. Explain the operation of independent mater
cylinder brake system (Refer the instructors note on PPT
1.154, 1.155)
. Describe the two types of independent master cylinders.
Explain Good year master cylinder and warner master
cylinder (Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.157, 1.158)
Explain power boost brakes system (Refer the instructors
note on PPT 1.160)
Explain power brake system. Describe and explain the
system components (Refer the instructors note on PPT
1.166, 1.167)
. Explain the operation of power brake system
Explain emergency brake system components and
operations (Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.168)
Explain parking brake system (Refer the instructors note
on PPT 1.170)
Emergency Brake Explain brake debooster operation (Refer the instructors
35 min Systems
note on PPT 1.171)
PPT 1.168 - 1.173
. Explain Lockout brake debooster type and its
operation

Automatic Brake Explain automatic brake system components and

10 min Systems operation (Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.174)
PPT 1. 174

Explain the purpose antiskid system and the function

of skid control system. Explain antiskid system
operation.
Explain wheel speed sensor. Describe the two types of
speed sensors. Explain AC and DC wheel speed
sensors
Explain the purpose of the control unit of antiskid system
90 min Anti-Skid System
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.183)
PPT 1.175 – 1.189
Explain the control valve of antiskid system. Describe the
components of the valve. Explain the valve operation
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.185)
Explain the touch down protection and locked wheel skid
control system (Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.186,
1.187)
Explain antiskid system tests. Explain the ground and

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 7 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
inflight tests
Describe the antiskid system components inspection
and maintenance on the wheel speed sensors, control
valve and control unit
Brake Indicating Mention and explain the brake wear indicator pin
20 min Systems
PPT 1.190
Mention common brake system problems
(Brake malfunction and damage) (Refer the instructors
note on PPT 1.191)
Brake System Mention general servicing an aircraft while installed on
45 min Maintenance aircraft
PPT 1.191 – 1.196 Explain the purpose of brake bleeding. Describe and
explain the operations of the two bleeding methods (Top
down/gravity and Bottom up/pressure). (Refer the
instructors note on PPT 1.195)
Mention the preparation before bleeding brakes
Explain the purpose of wheels. Describe the three
types of aircraft wheels.
Explain the fixed flange wheels. Describe the
components of the fixed flange
Explain the split flange wheel. Describe the
60 min Aircraft Wheels components of the split flange type
PPT 1.197 – 1.212 Explain the construction of wheels. Explain the
inboard and outboard wheel half construction and the
components
Describe wheel inspection. Mention on aircraft and off
aircraft inspections
Explain proper removal and installation of wheels
20 min Lesson Summary Summarize main points of the lesson
PPT 1.213 – 1.214
Progress Test Display ET-AF04-PT1.3 and ask the trainees to provide
20 min
ET-AF02-PT1.3 their answers in written form. Collect trainee’s response
PTT 1.215 – 1.216 and provide feedback.
Take the trainees to the Hangar and group them in to a
groups each having maximum of five members.
Practical
210 Please make sure that equipment and resources are
Exercise ready ahead of time. Then distribute practical worksheet
min
ET-AF04-Ex1.4 ET-AF04-Ex1.4 and inform them to perform the
practical exercise.
While trainees perform the exercise, check and verify
trainees’ progress as outlined on the worksheet.

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 8 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
Aircraft Tires and Display lesson title and introduce the content of the lesson.
10 min Tubes
Explain the purpose of tires
PPT 1.217 -
1.218
Describe the major classifications of tires.
Mention the characteristics of the classification based on
45 min Tire Classification the type of tires (Type I up to Type IX). Describe the type
PPT 1.219 – 1.223
III, type VII and Type VIII most common type aircraft
tires
Types Describe Tube type and tubeless type tires
15 min PPT 1.224 – 1.226 Explain the bias and radial type tire construction (Refer
PPT 4.94 – 4.96 the instructors note on PPT 1.225, 1.226)

Mention the basic parts of tires (The bead, The carcass,

30 min Tire Construction The tread and Sidewall) and the minor parts.
PPT 1.227 – 1.232 Explain The bead, The carcass, The tread and Sidewall
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.231)
Explain the inspection of tires while installed on the
aircraft
Explain about the inflation pressure and effects on the tire
(Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.234)
Explain and describe the tread wear condition. Describe
the various tread damages.
Explain sidewall conditions and defects
45 min Tire Maintenance Explain tire removal and mounting (Refer the instructors
PPT 1.233 – 1.257
note on PPT 1.247)
. Explain tubeless and tube type tire mounting procedures
and preconditions.
Explain tire repair and rethreading.
Explain how and where to store tires
Explain why tires should be balanced and mention how to
balance the tire (Refer the instructors note on PPT 1.257)
Explain the construction and selection of aircraft tire
15 min Aircraft Tube
tubes
PPT 1.258 – 1.259
Mention and explain the storage of the aircraft tubes
Summarize main points of the lesson
10 min Lesson Summary
PPT 1.260

Practical Take the trainees to the Hangar and group them in to a

Exercise groups each having maximum of five members.
210
ET-AF02-Ex1.5 Please make sure that equipment and resources are
ready ahead of time. Then distribute practical worksheet

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 9 of 10

 Ethiopian Aviation Academy Revision No. 0
Aviation Maintenance Training March 2017
ET-AF04 : Aircraft Landing Gear and Flight Control Systems

Module Title: Landing Gear Module No: M1

Main Contents: Summary of activities, points to be
Time
Units/Steps/Aids emphasized, etc.
ET-AF04-Ex1.5 and inform them to perform the
practical exercise.
While trainees perform the exercise, check and verify
trainees’ progress as outlined on the worksheet.
Summarize the main content discussed in the module and
Module Review
30 min give them the chance to ask any question or doubt on the
PPT 1.261-
topics discussed in the module. Provide feedback for any of
1.263
their question and proceed to the mastery test.
Hand out copies of the Mastery Test (MT 2.4) and go
60 min Mastery Test through the instructions with trainees. Upon completion,
collect the answer sheets from trainees.
Total 49 Hours

Issue No. 0 ET-AF04.1 Page 10 of 10