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Innate-and-Adaptive-Immunity ppt

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting their roles as essential defense systems against pathogens. It details the mechanisms, cellular components, and collaboration between the two types of immunity, emphasizing the importance of understanding these systems for vaccine and treatment development. Key topics include the immediate response of innate immunity and the targeted, memory-based response of adaptive immunity.

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10 views

Innate-and-Adaptive-Immunity ppt

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting their roles as essential defense systems against pathogens. It details the mechanisms, cellular components, and collaboration between the two types of immunity, emphasizing the importance of understanding these systems for vaccine and treatment development. Key topics include the immediate response of innate immunity and the targeted, memory-based response of adaptive immunity.

Uploaded by

souravdemo27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Innate and Adaptive

Immunity: A Comprehensive
Overview
This presentation explores the remarkable mechanisms of innate
and adaptive immunity, essential defense systems protecting our
bodies from pathogens.
Presented By

Subhalaxmi Muduli

Roll No. BS(B)22-168

(Zoology Honours)

Jatni Degree College


Content
1. Innate immunity : first line of defense
2. Cellular components of innate immunity
3. Toll like receptors and and pattern recognition.
4. Adaptive immunity : Targeted response
5. Lymphocytes and antigen specific receptors.
6. B cells and antibody production
7. T cells and cell mediated immunity
8. Adaptive and innate immunity collaboration
9. Conclusion : Integrated immune response.
Innate Immunity: First Line of Defense
Immediate Response Pre-Existing Defenses

Innate immunity acts as the initial barrier against Unlike adaptive immunity, innate immunity does not
pathogens, providing a rapid and non-specific response. require prior exposure to a pathogen. It relies on pre-
existing defenses to combat infection.
Cellular Components of
Innate Immunity

Neutrophils Macrophages
Phagocytic cells that engulf and Large phagocytic cells that
destroy bacteria. engulf and destroy pathogens,
debris, and dead cells.

NK Cells
Cells that kill virus-infected cells
and cancer cells.
Toll-Like Receptors and Pattern Recognition

PAMPs
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are molecules unique to
1
pathogens.

TLRs
2
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on immune cells recognize PAMPs.

Signal Cascade
3 TLR activation triggers a signal cascade, leading to the
production of inflammatory cytokines.
Adaptive Immunity: Targeted Response

Specificity
1
Adaptive immunity provides a highly specific response to each pathogen.

Memory
2 Adaptive immunity remembers past encounters with pathogens, allowing
for a quicker and more effective response upon re-exposure.

Tolerance
Adaptive immunity distinguishes between self and
3
non-self, preventing an attack on the body's own cells.
Lymphocytes and Antigen-
Specific Receptors
Lymphocytes Antigen-Specific
Receptors
The key players in adaptive
immunity are lymphocytes, Lymphocytes have unique
including B cells and T cells. antigen-specific receptors
that recognize specific
antigens on pathogens.
B Cells and Antibody
Production

1 Antibody Production 2 Neutralization


B cells produce Antibodies can neutralize
antibodies, proteins that pathogens by blocking
bind to specific antigens their ability to infect
on pathogens. cells.

3 Opsonization
Antibodies can opsonize pathogens, making them more
easily recognized and destroyed by phagocytes.
T Cells and Cell-Mediated
Immunity

1 CD4+ T Cells
Helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) activate other immune
cells, including B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

2 CD8+ T Cells
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) directly kill infected
cells and cancer cells.
Adaptive and Innate Immunity Collaboration

1 2
Antigen Presentation Cytokine Signaling
Macrophages and dendritic cells present antigens to T Innate immune cells release cytokines, signaling
cells, initiating adaptive immunity. molecules that activate adaptive immune cells.
Conclusion: Integrated
Immune Response
Innate and adaptive immunity work together in an integrated
response, providing a powerful defense against infection and
disease. Understanding these intricate mechanisms is crucial for
developing new vaccines and treatments.
Thank You…

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