INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

PRACTICAL FILE
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF CBSE, NEW
DELHI
SUBJECT CODE: 402

PRUDENCE
SCHOOL
Educate • Innovate • Create

CLASS X
SESSION
2024-2025
Under The Guidance of: Submitted By:

Ms. Monika Name:- Kabir Nanda

Class: 10th D

PRUDENCE
SCHOOL
EDUCATE INNOVATE CREATE

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Kabir Nanda of Grade X D, Roll No.: 10 has

successfully completed his/her Information Technology project under my
guidance, during the academic year 2024-25. He/ She has shown utmost
sincerity in completing this project.

I certify that this project is up to my expectations and as per the guidelines

issued by Central Board of Secondary Education for subject code 402.
Ms. Monika

Information Technology Teacher

PS-2, C 3 BLOCK, ASHOK VIHAR PHASE-II, NEW DELHI-110052

CHAPTER-DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION
WORKSHEET-1
Q1. Fill in the blanks:
1.In writer,Styles and formatting option can be used
from Format bar.
2. The function key which is used to open styles and
formatting window is F11.
3. Paragraph style control all aspects of a paragraph’s
appearance, such as text alignment, tab stops, line
spacing, and borders, and can include character
formatting.
4.List style apply similar alignment, numbering or
bullet characters, and fonts to numbered or bulleted
lists.
 5. Fill format mode is used to apply a style to many
different areas quickly without having to go back to the
Styles and Formatting window and double-click every
time. It is quite useful when you need to format many
scattered paragraphs, cells, or other items with the
same style.
6. Character style is often integrated in paragraph style.
7. Predefined heading styles help to create structure
and hierarchy in the document.
8. Drag and drop method cannot be used to create
predefined style.
Q2. Writer provides several ways to modify styles (both
the predefined styles and custom styles that you
create).TRUE
Q3. Answer the following:-
i. What are different categories of styles in writer
document?
a. Paragraph Styles are used to change the
appearance of a paragraph by making changes
to the text alignment, tab stops, line spacing,
and so on.
b. Character Styles can be applied block of text
inside a paragraph. For example, they enable
 you to set the font and size of text, or apply
bold and italic effects.
c. Page Styles are used for page formatting, such
as page size, margins, headers and footers,
borders and backgrounds. In Calc, the page
styles include the sequence for printing sheets
also.
d. Frame Styles are used to format graphic and
text frames, including text wrapping,
borders,backgrounds, and columns.
e. List Styles are used to select, format, and
position numbers or bullets in lists.
f. Cell Styles can be applied to the spreadsheets
in Calc. This style can include fonts, alignment,
borders background, number formats.
g. Presentation Styles can be applied to the slide
master in an Impress presentation. They
mainly affect the three elements of a slide
master: the background, background objects
and the text placed on the slide.
h. Graphics Styles can also be applied to the
drawings and presentations in Impress. You
can apply the style to the graphic elements
including text.
ii. Name the ways of creating a custom style.
In writer,you can create a new style by using any of
the following methods:
a. Creating a new style from a Selection.
b. Creating a new style using Drag and Drop.
Q4. Explain:
1. Character style can be applied block of text inside
a paragraph. For example, they enable you to set
the font and size of text, or apply bold and italic
effects.
2. Paragraph Styles are used to change the
appearance of a paragraph by making changes to
the text alignment, tab stops, line spacing, and so
on.
3. Table style is a collection of table formatting
attributes, such as table borders and row and
column strokes, that can be applied in a single
step.
Q5. Styles in writer help improve consistency in a
document. Explain with the help of an example.
A5. Uniform Formatting: When you apply a style,the
document maintains a consistent font size, color, and
spacing.
Easy Updates: If you need to change the
formatting,updating the style automatically reflects
changes throughout the document.
Efficient Navigation: Styles enable features like
automatic table of contents generation and better
document navigation.
EXAMPLE: Imagine you’re writing a research report
with multiple sections:
o Without styles you manually format each heading,
each paragraph is formatted separately.
o With styles apply the ‘Heading 1’ style to all
section titles,use body text styles for paragraphs. If
you later decide that all headings should be of font
size 22 instead of 18,you simply modify the
‘Heading 1’ style. All headings update instantly,
ensuring consistency.
CHAPTER-DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION
WORKSHEET-2
Q1. Fill in the blanks:-
1. For a scaled resizing, select one of the corner
handles and keep the shift key pressed while
dragging the handle to its new position.
2. While creating a new document if you do not
specify a template, then the document is based on
the default template for that type of document.
3. Format tab help us to work on different aspects of
an image.
4. Select an image, then in the Drawing toolbar,
select the Rotate icon from the Effects toolbar. The
handles at the corner of the shape will turn into
rotation handles for rotation.
 5. In writer, when properties are modified before the
creation of a document, it is known as setting
document properties.
6. While using Crop feature under image dialog box,
-When keep scale is selected, cropping the image
does not change the scale of the picture.
-When resize is selected, cropping produces
enlargement, shrinking (for negative cropping
values), or distortion of the image so that the image
size remains constant.
7. Give the shortcut:
-To copy the image to the clipboard Ctrl + C.
-To open file browser window Ctrl + O.
8. You can set a custom template to be the default
which can later be reset to default template. TRUE
Q2. While positioning of a graphic:
1. Wrapping style controls how graphics are stacked
upon each other or relative to the text.
2. Alignment refers to the vertical or horizontal
placement of a graphic in relation to the chosen
anchor point.
3. Anchor point refers to the reference point for the
graphics. This point could be the page, or frame
 where the object is, a paragraph, or even a
character.
4. Text Wrap refers to the relation of graphics to the
surrounding text, which may wrap around the
graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted
behind or in front of the graphic, or treat the
graphic as a separate paragraph or character.
Q3. Which factors control the positioning of the image?
Name three ways of accessing these settings.
A3. There are four factors that control the positioning
of the image:
a. Arrangement-Refers to the placement of a graphic
on an imaginary vertical axis. Arrangement
controls how graphics are stacked upon each other
or relative to the text.
b. Alignment-Refers to the vertical or horizontal
placement of a graphic in relation to the chosen
anchor point.
c. Anchoring-Refers to the reference point for the
graphics. This point could be the page, or frame
where the object is, a paragraph, or even a
character. An image always has an anchor point.
d. Text Wrapping-Refers to the relation of graphics to
the surrounding text, which may wrap around the
graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted
 behind or in front of the graphic, or treat the
graphic as a separate paragraph or character.
Three ways of accessing these settings:
a. From the format menu, where you can find
Alignment, Arrange, Wrap and Anchor.
b. From the Object toolbar.
c. From the pop-up menu displayed when you right-
click on the graphic.
Q4. Answer the following questions:-
I. List three methods of inserting an image in a
document.
o Inserting an image using Drag and Drop
Method.
o Inserting an image from the Clipboard.
o Inserting an image from the Gallery.
II. How is resizing of image different from cropping it?
Resizing of an image involves changing its overall
dimensions (width and height), either enlarging or
reducing its size while cropping of an image involves
cutting out a portion of the image, removing part of the
image content, either to improve composition or to
focus on a specific area.
III. How is linking of an image different from
embedding? Explain with the help of an example.
Linking an image means creating a reference or "link"
to an image that is stored externally, rather than
including the actual image file within the document
itself. Eg- Suppose you're creating a webpage. You can
link to an image on your server.
Embedding an image means directly inserting the
image into the document itself, so the image file
becomes part of the document. Eg- In a Word
document, you can embed an image by copying and
pasting it into the document, or by using an "Insert"
option to add an image. The image is then saved within
the word document itself.
Q5.
I. Name any five tools available in drawing toolbar?
o Symbol shapes
o Flowcharts
o Stars
o Ellipse
o Fontwork Gallery
II. Name any two tools available under Drawing
Object Properties toolbar.
o Arrow Style
o Change Anchor
CHAPTER-DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION
WORKSHEET-3
Q1. Answer the following questions:-
I. Which of the following tabs is by default active
when the Table of Contents, Entries or
Bibliography dialog box is opened?
(a) Entries (b) Background (c) Styles (d) Type

II. Which of the following tabs contains options to

set styles for various entries in the ToC?
(a) Entries (b) Background (c) Styles (d) Type
 III. Which of the following buttons in the Templates
dialog box, will be clicked to save a template
displayed in the list of templates?
(a) Export (b) Import (c) Move (d) None of the
above
IV. Which of the following is the shortcut key to
open the Templates dialog box?
(a) Ctrl+Alt+N (b) Shift+Ctrl+N 5. (c) Ctrl+Alt+T
(d) Shift+Alt+T
V. Which of the following menus contains the Track
Changes option?
(a) File (b) Edit (c) View (d) Insert
Q2. Fill in the blanks:-
1. The Table of Contents tab contains options to set
the number of columns that we want to have in
our ToC.
2. To find the template that is being used in the
current document, select Info option from the File
menu.
3. The Online Templates button is clicked in
Templates dialog box to view online templates.
4. The Track Changes feature of Writer offers us an
alternative method to keep a record of all the
changes made in the original document.
 5. The shortcut key to start recording the changes is
Ctrl + Shift + E.
Q3.
1. What are templates? What are the advantages of
using templates?
A template is a predefined layout that contains sample
content, themes, colours, font styles, background
styles, etc. and gives an initial foundation to build a
document. Writer provides a variety of predefined
templates. Using a template, you can create your own
document easily and quickly. Advantages of using
templates:
o Templates provide pre-designed structures and
formats, allowing you to quickly start working.
o Templates ensure that your document has a
consistent design, layout, and formatting
throughout.
o Templates are user-friendly, even for individuals
with little to no experience in formatting.
o While templates provide a predefined structure,
they are also customizable. You can modify text,
images, and other elements to suit your specific
needs while retaining the overall format and style.
2. Explain the purpose of export template feature in
Writer.
 The Export Template feature allows users to save a
custom template so that it can be reused in other
documents or shared with others. When you create a
document with specific styles, formatting, and layout
that you want to reuse, the Export Template feature
enables you to save that document as a template.
3. How headings and sub-headings of a document
are differentiated in ToC?
Main headings (e.g., Chapter 1, Section 1) typically
appear at the first level (left-aligned) in the Table of
Contents. Often formatted with a larger font size or
bold text
Sub-headings (e.g., 1.1 Introduction, 1.2
Background) are usually indented beneath their
respective main headings. The level of indentation
indicates their position in the hierarchy. Often
formatted with a smaller font size.
4. Explain the purpose of ‘protected against manual
changes’ option in Table of Content.
The "protected against manual changes" option in a
Table of Contents (TOC) serves to prevent users from
manually altering the content of the TOC in a
document. This feature is typically used in word
processing software like Microsoft Word. When this
option is enabled, the TOC is locked or protected,
ensuring that any edits to the TOC can only be done
through the usual, automated methods, such as
updating or refreshing the TOC based on changes to
the document's headings or structure.
5. What is the need of table of contents?
o A Table of Contents (TOC) is essential for several
reasons, particularly in longer documents such as
reports, books, theses, and research papers.
o It organizes the content in a logical, hierarchical
order, which helps both the writer and reader
understand the flow of the document.
o For long documents, the TOC saves readers time by
allowing them to skip directly to relevant sections,
rather than having to read through the entire document.
CHAPTER-ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETS
WORKSHEET-4
Q1. In LibreOffice Calc, Data Consolidate feature allows
you to gather data from different worksheets into a
master worksheet.
Q2. Consolidate option is available under Data menu.
Q3. Which of the following functions are available in
consolidate window?
(a) Max (b) Min (c) Count (d) All choices
Q4. While using consolidate option, if you select the
option Create links to source data then any values
modified in the source range are automatically updated
in the target range.
Q5. SUBTOTAL function performs calculations on data
arranged in an array (that is, a group of cells)
Q6. In Subtotal tool, we can select up to 8 groups to
group data at different levels.
Q7. Identify the correct sequence:
a. First open subtotals window and then select the
data where we need to apply subtotals.
b. First Select data and then open subtotals window.
c. Both of the above are correct
d. None of the above
Q8. After performing subtotal, the Outline Bar shows
the hierarchical structure which can be used to
show/hide different levels by clicking on group
indicators ‘+’ sign to expand and ‘-’ sign to collapse the
data.
Q9. What-If Analysis tool is used to compare various
alternatives depending on changing conditions. It is
used to predict the output while changing the inputs
and therefore used in the beginning of the project to
optimise the output.
Q10. Scenarios are tool to test ______________
questions.
(a) if else (b) what else (c) what if (d) if
Q11. Scenario option is available under Tools menu
option.
Q12. We can shift from one scenario to another by
using view option in sidebar.
(a) Navigator (b)Find and Replace (c) Data Source
(d) None of the above
Q13. Which option is suitable to calculate the effect of
different interest rates on an investment?
(a) Scenario (b) Subtotal (c) Consolidate
(d) None of the above
Q14. Default name of first scenario created in Sheet1 of
Calc is ________
(a) Sheet1_Scenario1 (b) Sheet1_Scenario_1
(c) Sheet_1_Scenario1 (d) Sheet_1_Scenario_1
Q15. To select random multiple cells, hold down Ctrl
key as you click on each cell.
Q16. Comment in Create Scenario dialog box is
optional. TRUE
Q17. Each scenario has a different name. TRUE
Q18. The Data Table tool creates a formula array to
display the list of results by applying the formula on a
list of alternative values used in the formula.
Q19. We can insert the new sheet in Calc by clicking on
Sheet menu option in menu bar.
Q20. In LibreOffice Calc, formula to refer a cell A3 in
sheet named S1 is
(a) =$Sheet1$A3 (b) =$Sheet1.$A$3 (c) =$Sheet1.A3
(d) =$Sheet1$A$3
Q21. We can rename an existing sheet in Calc by:
(a) Double click on one of the existing sheet
(b) Right click on existing sheet and then choose
rename
(c) Select rename sheet from sheet menu option
(d) All of the above
Q22. Which of the following elements are present in
“Insert Sheet” dialog box.
(a) After Current Sheet (b) Before Current Sheet
(c) No. of Sheets (d) All of the above
Q23. Give the purpose of below mentioned features in
Calc?
1. Data Consolidate:
o Data Consolidate feature is used to combine data
from multiple ranges or even multiple sheets into a
single, consolidated summary.
o It helps in aggregating data from different ranges
into one consolidated view.
2. What-if Scenario:
o What-If Scenario feature is used to explore and
analyze different possible outcomes based on
changing variables in a model or dataset.
o It allows users to create different "scenarios" or
hypothetical situations to see how changes to
input values affect the results.

CHAPTER- ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETS

WORKSHEET-5
Q1. When you open a new spreadsheet, by default it
has sheet named ______________.
(a) Sheet1 (b) Sheet_1 (c) Sheet 1
(d) None of the above
Q2. Suman and her friends want to work together in a
spreadsheet. They can do so by:
a. Sharing Workbook b. Linking Workbook
c. Both of the above d. None of the above
Q3. After sharing the worksheet, the word ____ is then
shown on the title bar after the worksheet’s title
a. Sharing b. Shared c. Sharing Sheet d. Shared Sheet
Q4. Any cells modified by the other user in shared
worksheet are shown with a _____border.
a. Blue b. Green c. Red d. Yellow
Q5. Hyperlink option is present under Insert tab.
Q6. Relative hyperlink stores the location with respect
to current location.
Q7. Which of the following is an example of absolute
cell referencing?
a. C5 b. $C$5 c. C$5 d. #C#5
Q8. A macro is internally stored as instructions in a
programming language that are executed when the
macro is executed or run.
Q9. When sharing worksheets authors may forget to
record the changes they make. Calc can find the
changes by _____________________ worksheets.
a. duplicating b. comparing c. checking d. all copies
Q10. The following features are known to be disabled
in a shared spreadsheet
a. Edit > Changes, except for Merge Document
b. Insert > Names c. Insert > Comment
d. All of the above
Q11 Record Changes feature of Calc help
a. Authors and other reviewers to know which cells
were edited.
b. to record the screen
c. to make changes permanent
d. None of the above
Q12. Name the feature of Calc that help to see the
changes made in the shared worksheet. Record
Changes
Q13. Macro recording can be stopped by clicking on
a. Close Recording b. End Recording
c. Stop Recording d. Macro Recording
Q14. When a document is created and saved, it
automatically contains a library named ‘My Macros’.
Q15. Anil is the author of shared worksheet so he has
the right to accept or reject changes made by the
reviewers. TRUE
Q16. Function names in Calc are not case sensitive.
TRUE
Q17. Several users can access shared workbook
simultaneously. TRUE
Q18. We cannot unshare a spreadsheet, once it is
shared. FALSE
Q19. In Calc link to external data is present in Data
menu.
Q20. A macro is a saved sequence of commands or
keystrokes that are stored for later use.
Q21. Macros are especially useful to automate a task.
Q22. Sharing allows the users to work on the same
spreadsheet in collaboration.
Q23. Libre Office Calc allows us to link spreadsheet
documents with databases and other data sources. The
data source needs to be registered with Libre Office. It
is a means to inform Libre Office about the type of data
source and the location of the file. TRUE
Q24. Difference between:-
Absolute and Relative referencing:
 Absolute Referencing Relative Referencing
1.In absolute referencing, the 1.In relative referencing, the
reference to a cell remains fixed, reference to a cell changes
even if the formula is copied or relative to the position where
moved to another location.
the formula is copied or
2. It uses dollar signs ($) before
moved.
the column letter and row
number (e.g., $A$1). 2. No dollar signs are used
(e.g., A1).

Q25. Give two rules for naming a macro.

Two important rules for naming a macro are-
1. Macro name cannot contain space.
2. Macro name cannot start with a number.

CHAPTER: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

WORKSHEET-6
Q1. The process of arranging the records in a particular
order on any field is called as sorting.
Q2. While entering data in a table, the black pointing
arrow just before the field name is called record
selector.
Q3. Under Design grid in Query design window,
• There is a row titled field, which is used to display
meaningful names in the output.
• To apply multiple conditions, we can use operators
for all conditions in criteria row.
Q4. Give five advantages of using database
management system.
i. Enforcement of Data Standards: A database always
holds data in a standard format. The standard may
relate to the naming of data, format of data,
structure of data, etc. Standardised data facilitates
data interchange or migration between
different systems.
ii. Data Availability: The data of a database can be
available at anytime and anywhere. DBMS allows
multiple users to access information that is
accessible remotely and 24 hours a day, seven days
a week.
iii. Data Sharing: Users of a database can share
information among themselves. The data can only
be shared with those who have been allowed
access due to several levels of authorisation. Many
remote users can share information and access the
database at the same time.
iv. Data Integrity: Data integrity means maintaining
and assuring the accuracy and consistency of data.
 It is very important as there are multiple databases
in a DBMS. All of these databases have data that
may be viewed by various people. As a result, it is
important to ensure that the data in all databases
and for all users is correct and consistent.
v. Reduced Data Redundancy: Data redundancy
occurs when the same piece of data is duplicated
unnecessarily multiple times in a database. The
chances of data duplicity are very high. In the
database approach, ideally, all the information is
kept in only one place and shared among the
users. There is no need to maintain a separate
copy of the same data over and over again. This
capability minimises data duplication and
redundancy. However, in some cases, data
redundancy still exists to improve the system's
performance, but such redundancy is controlled by
DBMS to keep it to a minimum.
Q5. A database is a structure or a feature that is used
to store and retrieve data. It is a collection of objects
that work on multiple sets of data. Name the objects in
a database.
i. Tables
ii. Indexes
iii. Views
iv. Sequences
Q6. The software that is used to create, update and
retrieve data is known as DBMS. Give four examples of
DBMS.
i. Tables- Tables are the building blocks of a
database. They store data items in the form of
rows and columns. As you know, all the rows are
referred to as records or tuples, and all the
columns are known as fields or attributes. For
example, in the Employee table, the data of
related fields of the employees, such as
Emp_Code, Name, Department, Salary, etc., is
called a record and specific property of that
employee, such as Salary, is known as field.
ii. Queries: As the name suggests, queries are used
to ask questions from the tables of a database,
which stores a vast amount of data. Queries help
to retrieve the filtered data from the database
tables, based upon some conditions. They are also
used to insert, delete, and update the data in the
database depending upon the criteria
specified by the user.
iii. Forms: Forms are the user-friendly interfaces that
facilitate the process of inserting, editing, deleting,
and updating data in tables and queries. It accepts
 data from the user and stores it in the
corresponding table or query Using a form, you
can add and update one record at a time.
iv. Reports: Reports are used to display the selected
data in a printable format. Reports collect the
summarised data from one or more tables/queries
and organise it in a printable form.
Q7. Explain the below mentioned common terms used
in RDBMS:
a. Entity- The term Entity refers to a real-world object
or concept that is represented in the database. An
entity typically has attributes (also called fields or
columns) that describe its characteristics.
b. Table- A table is a fundamental object used to
store data in a structured format. It is composed of
rows and columns, and each row represents a
record (an individual instance of an entity), while
each column represents an attribute (a specific
property or characteristic of the entity).
c. Primary Key-A primary key is a set of one or more
fields that uniquely identifies each record in a
table. It does not contain any duplicate data. A
table can have only one primary key. The value in
the primary key field is different for every tuple
and thus helps in uniquely identifying the records.
 d. Foreign Key-A foreign key is a field or set of fields
that is used to establish a relation between the
two tables. In other words, it consists of one or
more fields whose value matches with a primary
key in another table. Basically, a foreign key in one
table is used to point at a primary key in another
table. It acts as a cross-reference between the
tables.
e. Referential Integrity-It states that a foreign key
must have a matching primary key, i.e., all its
references must be valid and the users cannot
accidentally delete or amend the data. It ensures
the accuracy and consistency of the data within a
relationship and prevents the users from entering
inconsistent data.
Q8. Give difference between:
Candidate key and Alternate key
Candidate Key Alternate Key
1.A table might have one or 1.An alternate key is a type
more fields that may of candidate key. A
uniquely identify the records. candidate key is a set of one
Such fields are called or more columns that can
Candidate Keys as they are uniquely identify a record in
eligible to become a primary a table. The table can have
key. multiple candidate keys, and
2.A table can have more than one of them is chosen as the
one candidate key.
 primary key. The others are
called alternate keys.

Q9. Give advantages of creating a relationship in

between table.
o Time Saving-Creating relationships save time as
there is no need to enter the same data in
different tables.
o Reduced Data Entry Errors-By creating
relationships with different tables, data entry
errors can also be avoided.
o Summarising Data from Related Tables-
Relationships help to summarize data from the
related tables.
Q10. Data Model is the structure of database which
tells the manner in which the data is stored and
retrieved. Explain three data models.
 i. Hierarchical Data Model-In this model the
data is organized into a tree like structure. The
data is stored in the form of records.
ii. Network Data Model-In this model, multiple
records are linked to same master file. It is also
considered as an inverted tree where master is
present in the bottom of the tree and the
branches contain information linked to the
master.
iii. Relational Data Model-This data model is
based on the principle of setting relationships
between two or more tables of the same
database. It is the most commonly used
database model.
Q11. Libre Office gives us four options to choose from
to maintain referential integrity. Explain.
a. No Action-This is the default option. This option
states that a user should not be allowed to update
or delete any record in the master table if any
related record exists in the transaction table.
b. Update Cascade-This option allows the user to
delete or update the referenced field but along
with it all the related records in any of the
transaction tables will also be deleted or updated.
 c. Set NULL-This option assigns NULL value to all the
related fields if the master record id deleted or
updated.
d. Set Default-This option assigns any fixed default
value to all the related fields if the master record is
deleted or updated.

PRACTICAL-1 :CONSOLIDATION
There are three sheets with same structure---bank deposits and
withdrawal statements.

The steps are :-

 1. Go to data in menu bar →click on consolidate

The Consolidate dialog box appears. Here, we can select the function
we need to apply (Here, SUM)

3. Then we have to specify the ranges for consolidation. To do so,

choose the range while the Source data range text box in focus, then
click on Add.
4. Choose the desired cell for the results to copy in Copy results to
text box. → Click on OK
5.We will the final output as shown in the screenshot below
We get the consolidated data in the final sheet

PRACTICAL-2 :SUBTOTALS
In this table Renee’s cookies sell products are given:-

Here, we use Subtotal to calculate the month wise sale,product wise

sale and month wise product wise sale
To perform subtotals, the steps are: -
1. Select the range of cells.
2. Go to Data menu → choose subtotals.

3.Choose month in Group by drop box menu → Calculate subtotals

for month wise sale → Use function Sum.

4. In the 2nd Group, Group by product→ Calculate subtotals for

product wise sale → Use function count. Then press OK.
5.In the 3rd group, group by units sold → To calculate subtotals for
month wise product wise sale→then press ok

The results are as shown below:-

 PRACTICAL-3 :SCENARIO
Scenarios in OpenOffice Calc comes under what-if analysis tools,
where we are able to get different values for output by changing the
input cells.
Here, we have a table with principal amount, rate of interest and
years

2. Give the scenario desired name, check Prevent changes and

uncheck Copy back. → Click on OK.
3. Repeat step 2 to add more scenarios and we can see the output
changing
 PRACTICAL-4: GOAL SEEK
This option is used to find the value of input cells by giving the
value of the output cell.

We can use Goal Seek in the following ways: - 1. Go to Tools →

Goal Seek.
 PRACTICAL-5 : MACROS

1.Average,maximum and minium of the all five subjects are given

below-

Cybercrime: A Growing Threat in the Digital Age

Cybercrime has emerged as a significant challenge in the digital era. It encompasses illegal activities
conducted online, such as hacking, identity theft, and financial fraud. This article examines the
causes, impact, and strategies to counter cybercrime.

1. Understanding Cybercrime

Cybercrime refers to crimes executed through digital devices and networks. These activities include
phishing, ransomware attacks, and cyberbullying. With the growing reliance on technology,
cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to data.
Wrap Style: "Square Wrap"
Alignment: Right-aligned with top anchoring.

2. Causes of Cybercrime

The primary causes of cybercrime include weak cybersecurity measures, lack of awareness, and the
increasing value of personal data. As organizations shift to online operations, they become prime
targets for cyberattacks, making security essential.
Wrap Style: "Tight Wrap"
Alignment: Centered with middle anchoring.

3. Impact of Cybercrime
Cybercrime has severe consequences, such as financial losses, reputational damage, and emotional
distress. For businesses, it leads to data breaches, which can result in regulatory fines and loss of
customer trust.
Wrap Style: "Through Wrap"
4. Combating Cybercrime
To combat cybercrime, governments and organizations must invest in robust cybersecurity measures.
Regular awareness campaigns, advanced firewalls, and AI-based threat detection systems are crucial
in mitigating risks.
Wrap Style: "In Line with Text"
Alignment: Center-aligned.

5. The Future of Cybersecurity

The rise in cybercrime underscores the need for innovation in cybersecurity. Blockchain, AI, and
quantum computing are potential game-changers in this field. A collective effort from individuals and
organizations can ensure a safer digital space.
Wrap Style: "Behind Text"
Alignment: Full-page anchoring.
 Prudence : Annual Day
the most awaited event of the year.

Main Attractions

Performances : Students showcase their talents through

singing, dancing, sports, science project exhibitions, and
drama

Speeches : Teachers, the principal, and chief guests give

speeches.

Reflection : The day is a time to reflect on the year's

accomplishments and look forward to the future.
 However, That Surely Must Not Be It?
OfCourse Not.
Prudence aspires to spark the creativity switch in their
students. This Annual Fest includes all new interactive
activities for the attendees and students alike.

Stalls : Experience fun-filled activities hosted by our own

students.

Cultural Workshops : It is Important to stay connected with

our culture and history.
Food Stalls : Along with
activities, delicious
food is important to
rejuvenate us.

We Hope To See You There.

Table of Contents
Core Principles of Sustainable Development ................................................................... 1
Challenges to Sustainable Development .......................................................................... 1
Pathways to Achieving Sustainable Development ........................................................... 1
Sustainable development
Sustainable development is the practice of meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It aims to balance
three key pillars: economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity. The goal
is to create a world where human progress occurs in harmony with the planet’s ecosystems,
ensuring that natural resources are used responsibly and fairly.
The concept gained global attention with the 1987 Brundtland Report, which highlighted
the need for a development model that integrated environmental concerns into economic and
social planning. Since then, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
adopted in 2015, have outlined 17 global goals aimed at tackling pressing challenges like
poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation by 2030.
Core Principles of Sustainable Development
1. Economic Growth with Equity: Promoting inclusive economic growth that benefits
all people, especially marginalized communities.
2. Environmental Sustainability: Reducing the human environmental footprint by
conserving resources, minimizing pollution, and protecting ecosystems.
3. Social Justice: Ensuring access to essential services like education, healthcare, and
clean water, while addressing inequality and promoting human rights.
4. Intergenerational Responsibility: Ensuring that development today does not deplete
resources or harm the environment in a way that limits opportunities for future
generations.
Challenges to Sustainable Development
• Climate Change: Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and loss of
biodiversity pose major risks to sustainability.
• Resource Depletion: Overconsumption of natural resources threatens long-term
ecological stability.
• Inequality: Economic and social disparities continue to hinder equitable
development.
• Political and Governance Issues: Effective action on sustainability requires strong
political will and international cooperation.
Pathways to Achieving Sustainable Development
• Renewable Energy: Transitioning to clean energy sources like solar, wind, and
hydropower.
• Sustainable Agriculture: Implementing eco-friendly farming practices that protect
biodiversity and ensure food security.
• Circular Economy: Reducing waste through recycling, reuse, and sustainable
product design.
• Global Cooperation: Working together across borders to tackle global challenges,
such as climate change and inequality.
In conclusion, sustainable development is crucial for creating a fairer, more resilient world. It
requires coordinated efforts across all sectors of society to balance human needs with
environmental limits, ensuring a better future
Table of Contents
.................................................................................................................................................... 1
Historical Monuments of India ................................................................................................. 1
1. Taj Mahal, Agra ................................................................................................................ 1
2. Qutub Minar, Delhi ........................................................................................................... 2
3. Red Fort, Delhi .................................................................................................................. 2
4. Gateway of India, Mumbai ............................................................................................... 2
5. Khajuraho Temples, Madhya Pradesh ............................................................................... 3
6. Mysore Palace, Mysore ..................................................................................................... 3
7. Hampi, Karnataka ............................................................................................................. 3
8. Ajanta and Ellora Caves, Maharashtra .............................................................................. 4
Conclusion............................................................................................................................. 4

Historical Monuments of India

India, with its rich cultural tapestry and long, fascinating history, is home to some of the
world’s most extraordinary monuments. From grand palaces and ancient temples to forts and
mosques, these monuments not only showcase India’s architectural brilliance but also reflect
the stories of kings, emperors, empires, and cultures that have shaped the country. Let’s take a
journey through some of the most iconic historical monuments in India, each with its own
story to tell.

1. Taj Mahal, Agra

The Taj Mahal is undoubtedly one of the most famous buildings in the world, and for good
reason. This breathtaking white marble mausoleum was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan
in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth in 1631. Located
in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, the Taj Mahal stands as a symbol of love and is a masterpiece of
Mughal architecture. Its serene beauty, set against a large reflecting pool and lush gardens,
leaves visitors in awe. The monument combines Persian, Ottoman, and Indian architectural
styles, and its intricate details—like the inlaid precious stones—only add to its grandeur. No
wonder it's considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
2. Qutub Minar, Delhi
Standing tall at 73 meters, the Qutub Minar is not just the tallest brick minaret in the world
but also a remarkable feat of architecture. Built in 1193 by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak to
commemorate his victory over the Rajputs, the Qutub Minar is part of the Qutub Complex in
Delhi, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The minaret is made of red sandstone, adorned with
carvings and inscriptions in Arabic. As you stand beneath its towering height, it's hard not to
be impressed by the fine details of the structure—its balconies and calligraphy that tell the
story of an era long gone. The complex also includes the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, one of
the earliest mosques built in India.

3. Red Fort, Delhi

A few kilometers away from the Qutub Minar lies the Red Fort, one of India’s most iconic
landmarks. This massive fort, built by Emperor Shah Jahan between 1638 and 1648, was the
seat of the Mughal emperors for around 200 years. Constructed with red sandstone, the fort is
a prime example of Mughal military architecture, with high walls, wide moats, and
beautifully crafted buildings. Some of the most impressive areas inside the fort include the
Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audiences), Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audiences), and the
stunning Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque). The Red Fort is not just a historical site; it’s also
where India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, delivered his famous “Tryst with
Destiny” speech on Independence Day in 1947.

4. Gateway of India, Mumbai

Standing at the edge of the Arabian Sea in Mumbai, the Gateway of India is a monument that
has seen the end of an era. Built in 1924 to commemorate the visit of King George V and
Queen Mary to India, this 26-meter high archway is a blend of Hindu, Muslim, and Western
architectural styles. It was the site from where the last British troops left India in 1948,
marking the end of British rule. The monument is a favorite spot for both tourists and locals,
offering stunning views of the sea and the nearby Taj Mahal Palace Hotel. The grandeur of
the Gateway stands as a reminder of both India’s colonial past and its journey to
independence.
5. Khajuraho Temples, Madhya Pradesh
The Khajuraho Temples in Madhya Pradesh are unlike any other in India. Built between 950
and 1150 AD by the Chandela dynasty, these temples are renowned for their intricate
carvings, many of which are erotic in nature. The sculptures cover a wide range of themes,
from divine figures to scenes from daily life, offering a glimpse into the culture and values of
the time. While there are over 80 temples in Khajuraho, the most famous are the ones in the
Western Group, including the Kandariya Mahadev Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva. The site
is a UNESCO World Heritage site and draws visitors from all over the world, eager to admire
the temples' stunning craftsmanship and unique artwork.

6. Mysore Palace, Mysore

Mysore Palace is one of the most enchanting palaces in India, blending Hindu, Mughal, and
Gothic styles into a stunning architectural masterpiece. Located in Mysore, Karnataka, this
palace was the residence of the Wodeyar dynasty. While the original palace was built in the
14th century, the current structure was completed in 1912 after a fire destroyed the old one.
The palace is known for its elaborate interiors, including painted ceilings, stained glass
windows, and intricately carved wooden doors. The Durbar Hall, where the royal family once
held public audiences, is especially impressive. During the Dussehra festival, the palace is
beautifully illuminated, creating a magical atmosphere.

7. Hampi, Karnataka
Hampi, the ancient capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, is a place that feels frozen in time.
Located in the state of Karnataka, the ruins of Hampi are spread over a vast area and are a
UNESCO World Heritage site. The city was once one of the richest and most prosperous in
the world, but today, its stone temples, palaces, and monuments stand as a silent testament to
its glorious past. Highlights include the Virupaksha Temple, the Vittala Temple with its iconic
stone chariot, and the Royal Enclosure. Hampi’s majestic ruins, with their intricate carvings
and massive structures, offer a unique glimpse into India’s medieval history.
8. Ajanta and Ellora Caves, Maharashtra
The Ajanta and Ellora Caves, located in Maharashtra, are a treasure trove of ancient art,
architecture, and spirituality. The Ajanta Caves, carved into the rock between the 2nd century
BCE and the 6th century CE, are known for their detailed wall paintings depicting the life of
the Buddha. The caves also contain Buddhist shrines and sculptures. A short distance away,
the Ellora Caves are famous for their rock-cut temples representing a harmonious blend of
Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain traditions. The Kailasa Temple, carved from a single monolithic
rock, is especially awe-inspiring. These caves are some of the finest examples of ancient
Indian rock-cut architecture.

Conclusion
India’s historical monuments are not just buildings—they are the stories of the past, frozen in
time. From the love-filled Taj Mahal to the majestic Qutub Minar, each monument reflects
the artistic, cultural, and historical richness of India. These structures are a window into the
diverse traditions and creative brilliance that have shaped the country over thousands of
years. Visiting these monuments allows us to connect with India’s glorious heritage and
appreciate the legacy of those who built them. Each stone, each carving, and each structure
has a story to tell, making these monuments not just places of historical interest but living
symbols of India’s past.
 IT PRACTICAL
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PROJECT-1

Q-Relate the two tables and thereafter enter minimum five records in both the tables.
Q- Which type of relationship did u create?

A- One to One relationship

 Q- In which table did u enter data first and why
A- We entered data in residents details table first because it is the master table.

Q-Create a query to display the following information, with change in column names.
Q- Create a form for data entry of Resident details and Maintenance dues table.

Q- Create a report based on the query created above.

C 3 BLOCK, ASHOK VIHAR PHASE-II, NEW DELHI-110052