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Khmer Rouge

The Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, aimed to create an agrarian society through extreme measures, resulting in the Cambodian genocide where 1.5 to 3 million people were killed. The regime abolished civil rights and targeted minorities, particularly the Cham Muslims, while enforcing a brutal lifestyle of starvation and forced labor. Life under their dictatorship was marked by severe repression, indoctrination, and the dismantling of social structures.

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4 views4 pages

Khmer Rouge

The Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, aimed to create an agrarian society through extreme measures, resulting in the Cambodian genocide where 1.5 to 3 million people were killed. The regime abolished civil rights and targeted minorities, particularly the Cham Muslims, while enforcing a brutal lifestyle of starvation and forced labor. Life under their dictatorship was marked by severe repression, indoctrination, and the dismantling of social structures.

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tonnucamngoc1
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Identify...

significant leaders and ideology of the Khmer Rouge – Group


Pol Pot
- Brother No. 1
- Dictator of Khmer Rouge
- He combined Stalinist and Maoist models together
- He wanted to have an agrarian society, which means their economy is based on large
scale crops production
Nuon Chea
- Bro No.2, second in command after Pol Pot.
- One of the founding members back when fighting the US
Prince Norodom Sihanouk
- Prince of Cambodia and the one who lead the country to independence
- Once King, PM of Cambodia
- Supported the Khmer Rouge in hopes of returning to power, was used as a figurehead to
recruit supporters from villages but soon placed under house arrest during the Khmer Rouge
dictatorship.
Leng Sary
- Deputy prime minister and foreign minister of Democratic Kampuchea
- International face of Kampuchea
- Justified purging as to defeat “enemies of all stripes” during UN speech
Khieu Samphan

- President of Kampuchea, one of the most powerful officials after Pol Pot
- Key founders of Cambodian communists when they met as students in Paris
- 1985, took over Pol Pot as leader of Khmer Rouge
- He said he was shocked of Khmer Rouge crimes

Lon Nol
- Overthrow prince Sihanouk 1970. Became president in 1972.
- Supporter of US and South Vietnam.
- US bombed Cambodia.
- Before Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh in 1975, Lol Nol fled to US.

Kaing Guek Eav, “Duch”


- ran the nnotorious S-21 or Tuol Sleng interrogation and detention center in Phnom
Penh. Around 14,000 victims were tortured and executed.
- Head of internal security, known as Santebal

Ideology
Autarky – absolute economic independence or self-sufficiency.

It believed that educated city citizens were corrupted by western


capitalist ideas, so the only acceptable lifestyle was to be a poor
agricultural worker.

List... important facts about the Cambodian genocide – Group


1.5 to 3 million were killed by the hands of Khmer Rouge.
Christian and Buddhist groups were targeted for repression, but Cham Muslim was most
affected by the genocide.
500,000 people, 70% of the total Cham population, were exterminated.
20,000 Vietnamese were killed in the Cambodian genocide.
Khmer Rouge (the Communist party of Kampuchea) ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.
Khmer rouge abolished civil and political rights, private property, money, religious practices,
minority languages, and foreign clothing.
Khmer Rouge was a brutal regime led by Marxist dictator Pol Pot from 1975 to 1979
No one outside of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) knew who its leaders were, as
they reffered to themselves as Angkar Padevat.

Describe... life during the Khmer Rouge's dictatorship – Group


- All private possessions were confiscated. Everyone is required to have the same haircut
and clothing.
- Suffer from starvation, malnutrition, diseases, overworked. Overworking toward an
impossible goal but getting fed truly little leads to exhaustion and soon pass away due to
starvation and diseases.
- Young people and teenagers from country sides were the most violent and brutal
Khmer Rouges because they’re indoctrinated by the ideology.
- Workers couldn’t reach the quotas, but Khmer Rouges wouldn’t report it back in fear
they’d be killed.
- They had to live in a certain lifestyle and believe toward Pol Pot, treating him as the one
who save their life, the one who keeping the country united.
- City dwellers were forced to move to the countryside, where they all work as farmers.
Families were split up. People were divided into certain roles or groups depending on
their age and gender.
- Minorities were targeted and had to face certain persecutions. People from professional
class/ middle class (mainly from Phnom Penh) were also targeted and had to pretend to
be workers so they don’t get executed.
- Religions were banned and money was abolished. Childrens were taught to believe that
anyone who is against their ideology is an enemy.
- Built based on an ideal peasant scoiety free of class structures and foreign influences

CITATIONS
Harward, Samantha. “10 Little-Known Facts about the Cambodian Genocide.” The Borgen
Project, 20 June 2018, borgenproject.org/10-little-known-facts-about-the-cambodian-
genocide/. Accessed 24 Feb. 2023.

Holocaust Memorial Day Trust. “Holocaust Memorial Day Trust | Khmer Rouge Ideology.”
Hmd.org.uk, 2019,
www.hmd.org.uk/learn-about-the-holocaust-and-genocides/cambodia/khmer-rouge-
ideology/. Accessed 24 Feb. 2023.

Jazeera, Al. “Key Leaders of the Khmer Rouge.” Www.aljazeera.com, 20 Nov. 2007,

www.aljazeera.com/news/2007/11/20/key-leaders-of-the-khmer-rouge. Accessed 24 Feb.

2023.

“Khmer Rouge Ideology.” Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, https://www.hmd.org.uk/learn-about-


the-holocaust-and-genocides/cambodia/khmer-rouge-ideology/. Accessed 24 Feb. 2023.

University of Minnesota. “Cambodia.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies | College of Liberal

Arts,
cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/cambodia#:~:text=Lasti

ng%20for%20four%20years%20(between. Accessed 24 Feb. 2023.

USC Shoah Foundation. “Cambodian Genocide.” USC Shoah Foundation, 2022,


sfi.usc.edu/collections/cambodian-genocide. Accessed 24 Feb. 2023.

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