CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANAND

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh
ADMIT CARD
STUDENT DETAILS
Registration No. CA7440 Roll No. 300802421029
College Name 008 - GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE - JAGDALPUR
Student's Name SATVEER
Gender Male Date of Birth 12-06-2003
Father's Name VISHVNATH Current Semester 5 Semester
Program B Tech Electrical Engineering Course B.Tech
ABC User ID 930157428604

EXAMINATION CENTER DETAILS

008 - GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE - JAGDALPUR

SUBJECT DETAILS

Sl Semester Subject Type Subject Code Subject Name Exam Session Exam Type Date & Time of Exam
1 6 SEMESTER Sessional C000601(046) Technical Communication and Soft Skill Apr-May 2024 Regular
2 6 SEMESTER Theory C000606(094) Non Conventional Energy Sources Apr-May 2024 Regular
3 6 SEMESTER Theory C024611(024) Instrumentation Techniques Apr-May 2024 Regular
4 6 SEMESTER Theory C024612(024) Switchgear and Protection Apr-May 2024 Regular
5 6 SEMESTER Theory C024613(024) Microprocessor and its Applications Apr-May 2024 Regular
6 6 SEMESTER Practical C024621(024) Instrumentation Techniques Apr-May 2024 Regular
7 6 SEMESTER Practical C024622(024) Switchgear and Protection LAB Apr-May 2024 Regular
8 6 SEMESTER Practical C024623(024) Microprocessors LAB Apr-May 2024 Regular
9 6 SEMESTER Practical C024624(024) Programming and Simulation Lab Apr-May 2024 Regular
10 6 SEMESTER Theory C024631(024) Fibre Optics Apr-May 2024 Regular

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INSTRUCTION FOR WRITTEN EXAMINATION

Candidates,Numerical Aperture (NA):-Definition: NA is a measure of the light-gathering ability of an optical fiber. It defines the range of angles over which the fiber can accept incoming light and
effectively transmit it through the core.Acceptance Angle: NA determines the acceptance angle (θ₀), which is the maximum angle at which light can enter the fiber and still be guided by total
1. internal reflection.Formula:NA= n12−n22 where 𝑛1 is the refractive index of the core, and 𝑛2 is the refractive index of the cladding.Light-Gathering Ability:A higher NA indicates a larger acceptance
angle, meaning the fiber can collect more light from a wider range of angles.Impact on Performance:Multimode Fibers: Higher NA allows more modes to propagate, increasing bandwidth but
potentially causing more modal dispersion.Single-Mode Fibers: Lower NA allows only one mode to propagate, minimizing dispersion and maintaining signal integrity over long distances,,
The doors,Salient Features of the Vapour Axial Deposition (VAD)ProcessHigh Purity:Produces fibers with minimal impurities,enhancing optical performance.Preform Creation:Deposits
2. layers of silica soot axially to form a solid glass preform.Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Utilizes gaseous precursors like silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) and oxygen (O2) to create silica
soot.Precision Control:Allows for precise control of the fiber's composition and refractive index profile.High Efficiency:Capable of producing large preforms, enabling the production of many
kilometers of optical fiber.Uniformity: Ensures consistent diameter and composition of the preform for high-quality fibers.Reduced Defects: Minimizes core-cladding interface defects,
improving fiber strength and performance.Scalability:Suitable for large-scale, high-volume fiber production.Environmental Control:Process is conducted in a controlled environment to
ensure high-quality deposition and minimize contamination.Versatility:Can produce both single-mode and multimode fibers by adjusting deposition parameters and material composition,,
Candidates,Single-Mode and Multimode Fibers Merits and Demerits:-Single Mode Fiber=Description: Has a small core (8-10 µm) allowing only one light path. Used for long-distance
3. communication.Merits:Low Attenuation: Less signal loss over long distances.High Bandwidth: Supports higher data rates due to minimal modal dispersion.Long Distance: Ideal for long-distance
communication.Minimal Dispersion: Clearer signals over long distances.Future-Proof: Suitable for future technology upgrades.Demerits:Costly: More expensive to produce and install.Precise
Installation: Requires precise alignment.Expensive Source: Needs a laser light source.Complex Equipment: Requires costly transmission equipment.
Candidates,Multimode Fiber=Description: Has a larger core (50 or 62.5 µm) allowing multiple light paths. Used for short-distance applications.Merits:Cost-Effective: Cheaper to produce and
install.Easy Installation: Easier to splice and connect.LED Compatible: Can use inexpensive LED light sources.Short Distance: Ideal for short-range communication.Simple Equipment: Requires less
4. complex equipment.Demerits:Higher Attenuation: More signal loss, limiting long-distance use.Modal Dispersion: Limits bandwidth and data rates over longer distances.Distance Limitations: Not
suitable for long distances.Lower Bandwidth: Supports lower bandwidth compared to single-mode,,
Candidates,basic principle governing the operation of led:-light emitting diode (led):semiconductor device: an led is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through
5. it.pn junction: it consists of a p-type and an n-type semiconductor, creating a pn junction.forward bias: when forward biased (positive voltage applied to the p-side and negative to the n-side), electrons
from the n-type material recombine with holes in the p-type material.recombination: the recombination of electrons and holes releases energy in the form of photons, which is the light emitted by the
led.steps in led operation:injection of carriers: electrons are injected into the conduction band of the n-type region, and holes are injected into the valence band of the p-type region.recombination:
electrons and holes recombine at the junction.photon emission: energy is released as photons (light) during the recombination process. the color of the light depends on the energy band gap of the
semiconductor material.quantum efficiency of led:-quantum efficiency (qe):definition: quantum efficiency of an led is the ratio of the number of photons
Candidates, emitted to the number of electrons passing through the device. it measures the efficiency with which the electrical energy is converted into light energy.types:internal quantum
efficiency (iqe): the fraction of electrons that successfully recombine with holes to produce photons inside the semiconductor material.external quantum efficiency (eqe): the fraction of emitted
6. photons that actually escape from the led and contribute to the emitted light. this takes into account the photons that are absorbed or reflected back within the device.formulas:internal quantum
efficiency (iqe):iqe=number of photons generated inside the led/number of electrons passing through the led external quantum efficiency
(eqe):eqe=number of photons emitted from the led/number of electrons passing through the led,,
Candidates,Population Inversion in Laser Physics for three and four level energy system:-Population Inversion is a crucial concept in laser physics where more atoms or molecules are in higher
7. energy states than in lower ones, contrary to the typical thermal equilibrium distribution.Achieving Population InversionThree-Level System:Description: In a three-level system, atoms or
molecules have three distinct energy levels: ground state (level 1), excited state 1 (level 2), and excited state 2 (level 3).Process:Initially, most particles reside in the ground state (level 1) due to
thermal equilibrium.Energy is applied (pumping) to elevate particles to the higher energy states (levels 2 and 3).For population inversion:Level 2 is populated more than level 1.Level 3 is
populated more than level 2.This results in more particles in the higher energy states (levels 2 and 3) than in the ground state (level 1).
8. ,Four-Level System:-Description: In a four-level system, atoms or molecules have four energy levels: ground state (level 1), metastable state (level 2), excited state 1 (level 3), and excited state 2
(level 4).Process:Initial population in the ground state (level 1).Pumping to populate the metastable state (level 2).Energy absorption to populate excited states 1 and 2 (levels 3 and 4).Achieving
population inversion:Level 3 is populated more than level 2.Level 4 is populated more than level 3.This ensures more particles are in higher energy states (levels 3 and 4) compared to lower
states (levels 1 and 2).Conditions:Efficient pumping to populate the metastable state (level 2).Proper energy levels and transitions that facilitate rapid population of higher energy states,,
9. A Candidate,Fusion Splicing Technique of Optical FiberFusion splicing is a precise method used to permanently join two optical fibers by melting their ends together using an electric arc.
This process ensures minimal light loss at the splice point, crucial for maintaining optical signal integrity in communication networks.Types of Fiber SplicingFusion Splicing:Advantages:
Low loss, high reliability, suitable for both single-mode and multimode fibers.Disadvantages: Expensive equipment, skilled operators needed.Mechanical Splicing:Advantages: Lower cost,
simpler operation.Disadvantages: Higher insertion loss, less reliable in harsh conditions.Mass Fusion Splicing:
Persons, Advantages: Efficient for mass production, suitable for ribbon fibers.Disadvantages: Potential for higher insertion lossAdvantages:Low Loss: Minimal insertion loss ensures
10. efficient light transmission.Reliability: Creates strong, durable splices suitable for long-term use.Versatility: Compatible with various fiber types and network
configurations.Disadvantages:Cost: Initial investment in equipment and skilled labor is high.Complexity: Requires precise fiber preparation and alignment.Time-Consuming: Fusion
process can be time-intensive,,