GAS TURBINE

HOT Gas Path Inspection

GE- F RA ME 9 E

Prepared By
Uzair Ahmad Bhatti
COMBUSTION
SECTION
Frame 9E has 14 combustion
Cans, exist in split halve
casings, known as the
Combustion Wrapper.
It is the Can-Annular type
Combustion System with
reversed air flow, each can is
fed independently and in
housed with all accessories to
function. Cans are interlinked
with Cross- fire tube.
Cans are numbered
anticlockwise fromer.
COMBUSTION
SYSTEM
Combustion System’s
main components are:
❑ Combustion Wrapper
❑ Combustion Can
❑ Dual Fuel Nozzle
Assembly
❑ Flow Sleeve
❑ Combustion Liner
❑ Transition Piece
❑ Cross Fire Tube
❑ Spark Plug/Flame
Detector
COMBUSTION WRAPPER
Combustion Wrapper is the horizontally split
type casing, that houses the combustion
hardware assembly.
It welcomes the compressor discharged air and
redirects the air into each combustion can
assembly.
The Bearing#2 and Marriage Coupling
rests inside the wrapper casing.
Bearing vent is introduced in the upside of the
wrapper casing, whereas, the lube oil piping is
passaged from the downside. Both openings are
sealed to restrict the compressed air inside the
housing.
 Combustion Wrapper (Cont.)

2nd Bearing

Vent Pipe

2nd Bearing

Lube Oil Piping

 • Combustion Can is bolted with the Wrapper Casing forward end.
COMBUSTION CAN • Each can is equipped with a Flow-Sleeve, Combustion Liner, Cross
Fire Tube Retainers.
• 14 Symmetric cans are interlinked with the cross-fire tube, for
resourcing the flame into each can.
• Cross Fire tube is a combination of male and female part, held in position
within two consecutive liners with crossfire tube Retainers. This tube is
covered by an outer tube and packing are installed for minimizing the gas
leakage from it.
• Can cover is bolted with the can circumferential face flange, and Fuel
Nozzle is appointed at its center.
• Cans 13 and 14 have the spark plugs, where as Flame Detectors are
mounted on Cans 4,5,9 and 10. Retractable type spark plugs are capable of
getting out from the liner as the flame stabilizes. This happens due to the
existing pressure inside the liner after combustion.
• False Start Drain valve and associated piping are introduced to the cans
appear in the bottom. The valve is responsible for eliminating the
accumulated fuel when it remains unburnt during startup of the Turbine.
Flow Sleeve
The Flow Sleeve is mounted on combustion
chamber can. It forces the air to move
upstream forming a uniform air jacket round
the liner for precise combustion and cooling
functions among the 14 chambers.
It is bolted with three bolts fastened with the
can face collar.
Three supporting lugs are fabricated at
forward end, at angle of 120 deg., into each
Flow Sleeve to support the Liner. Cross Fire
Tube
Side holes are provided for passing of the Opening
Cross Fire Tube into the Liner. Hole
At bottom, there is a spring seal which fits the
Flow Sleeve with the inner wall of Can.
Spring Seal
Liner
Liner is mounted on Flow Sleeve at the
forward side by three liner stops.
At after side, a spring seal is provided that fits Fuel Nozzle
the liner into the Transition Piece. It provides Entrance
sealing between hot gas path and compressed
air enclosure.
Holes are machined onto the Liner body,
which are categorized as: Primary Holes,
Secondary Holes, Tertiary/Dilution Holes.
Combustion happens in the Primary Zone,
located at forward side of the Liner. Holes
associated with the zone are called the Primary &
Primary Metering Holes. Air passes from Secondary
them, takes part in combustion. Zone
Dilution Hole
Secondary combustion air enters through
the center body which is the Secondary
Premixing Zone. Holes associated with that Spring Seal
region are called Secondary Holes.
Liner (Cont.)
Dilution air enters from the Dilution Holes
which exists at the after side the Liner. Purpose
of this air is cooling the Liner Metal and to
maintain the temperature of Hot Gases before
hitting the 1st Stage Nozzle Ring.
Cooling
A protecting air film is formed by means of Holes Ring
cooling rings fabricated throughout the
liner body.
All surfaces of the Liners are also thermal
barrier coated. Liner Stop
Liner Cap is protected by film cooling.
Transition Piece
Transition piece is the interface between
the Combustion and Turbine Sections.
It directs the hot gases from Liners to Turbine
1st stage Nozzle Ring.
Nozzle ring is divided into 14 equal areas, that Aft. Mount
allows every Transition Piece to occupy its Bracket
sealing arrangement with Nozzle Ring.
Aft. Mount Bracket Is provided at after side, Vent Plate with
which is bolted with the 1st stage Nozzle Upper Machined Holes
Ring.
Floating Seals and Side seals are inserted in
grooves made on TP Aft. End and Nozzle Upper
and Lower Ring grooves, perform the sealing
function between the TP and Nozzle Ring. Floating
These seals minimize the leakage of Seal
Compressed air into the Hot Gas Path.
 Transition Piece TP Bolted with Nozzle
(Cont.) Upper Ring
Side seals are held in
position by Side Seals
Retaining Blocks.

A Bull Horn Mounting is

provided at forward end of
the TP, which rests on
Compressor Discharge
Casing.

A vent plate, with cooling

holes machined on it, is
provided at aft. end,
Bull Horn through which compressor
Mounting discharged air is supplied
for cooling.
Hot Gas Path to
Nozzle Ring

Side Seal
Retaining
Block
 FUEL NOZZLE
ASSEMBLY The Fuel Nozzle Assembly positions at the center of the
Combustion Can Cover in such a way its tip goes inside the Liner.
It facilitates the Fuel to enter into the Combustion Chamber. It is
Gas Fuel the Non-DLN type Fuel Nozzle and has 4 main ports. These ports
Port have the internal machined passages for carrying the respective
Atomizing fluid.
Air Port One port routes the Gaseous Fuel. This port has the largest
diameter among other ports and opens at Fuel Nozzle Tip. The
opening at the Nozzle Tip is the Ring of Holes with a swirler
around it. The Swirler mixes the Air and Gaseous Fuel, which is
then ignited by means of a Spark Plug.
Liquid Fuel Port lies at the central axis of the Nozzle Assembly. As, the
liquid fuel is escaping from the port, Atomizing Air coming from the
atomizing air holes, atomizes the liquid fuel into tiny droplets, which then
well mixes with the primary air for combustion means.
Liquid Atomizing air port routes the atomizing air to the holes machined at angle
Fuel Port with the Liquid Fuel Opening at nozzle tip.
 Fuel Nozzle Assembly (Cont.)
Swirler

Gaseous Liquid Fuel

Nozzle Tip Fuel Holes Opening

Water Injection
Opening

Atomizing
Air Holes

The Water Injection Port surrounds the Liquid Fuel Port. The water is injected to
reduce the formation of Sox and Nox, when Gas Turbine fires on Liquid Fuel. The
water injections also keeps the temperature of the chamber within the limits.
 TURBINE SECTIO N
( IN TRO DU CTION )

The major components of a Gas Turbine are: Turbine1st Stage

Compressor, Combustion System, Turbine,
Exhaust and Bearings.
Turbine section is composed of three stages.
Turbine 2nd Stage
Each stage is a combination of rotating and
stationary blades.
Nozzles are the stationary blades, they
convert the energy of hot gases, leaving the Turbine 3rd Stage
Combustion System, into K.E, and direct the
gases at rotating blades.
Rotating blades are called Buckets, they
harness K.E and produce the Mechanical
Rotational Energy.
 Main Components of Turbine Section

TURBINE STATOR TURBINE ROTOR

 TURBINE STATOR
Turbine stator consists of Turbine Shell, Shrouds and 3rd Stage
Nozzles. Shroud
3rd Stage
Turbine shell is used to mount the Nozzles and Nozzle
Shrouds and maintains the relative clearances
between the Nozzles and Buckets.
Diaphragm
The external surface of Turbine Shell incorporates
the cooling passages.
The Bucket tips run against the curved path
segments, known as shrouds. These shrouds
minimize the tip leakage and are mounted on
turbine shell by sliding onto T-hook arrangement,
2nd Stage
machined on turbine shell. Each shroud is held in
Nozzle
position by radial pins, entered from the turbine Diaphragm 2nd Stage
shell. 1st stage shrouds are thermal barrier coated Shroud
and sealed with each other by cloth seal
arrangement. 2nd and 3rd stage shrouds have male
and female fittings that use to mate when shrouds 1st Stage
are mounted. Key seal is used for sealing in shrouds Shroud
of 2nd and 3rd stage.
 TURBINE STATOR (Cont.)
Nozzle
2nd and 3rd stage shrouds have teeth that make a Support Ring
labyrinth arrangement with the teeth fabricated on
the tip of 2nd and 3rd stage buckets. This minimizes
the tip leakage. For better tip clearance, a honey
comb seal is integrated on 2nd and 3rd stage shrouds.
This honey comb seal is made up of a soft material,
bucket tips adjust a slot with their teeth on the
honey comb. Which provides better sealing.
1st stage nozzle have 18 segments contained in a
horizontally split ring. Each segment has 2 airfoil
partitions. These partitions are hollow and encaped
by outer and inner side walls. Through these hollow
partitions, compressor discharge air is allowed to
cool the 1st stage nozzle segments. The cooling air
enters from upper and lower impingement plates.
The 1st nozzle ring is held in position by two radial 1st Stage Nozzle
pins located at upside and downside, pass through Ring Anchoring
the turbine shell to the grooves made on nozzle ring.
This nozzle ring rests on a nozzle support ring.
 Turbine Nozzle Locking
TURBINE STATOR (Cont.) Pin Access Hole

The 2nd stage nozzle consists of 16 segments. Each

segment contains three airfoil partitions. These
segments have the male hooks on fwd. and aft sides
that fit into female grooves machined on 1st stage
shroud aft side wall and 2nd stage shroud fwd. wall.
Each segment is inserted by sliding into the shroud Turbine Shell
grooves. insulation Pads
Seals are installed between nozzle segments for
minimizing the leakage.
These segments are held in position by radial pins
inserted from turbine shell outer wall into nozzle
segments outer wall slots.
At inner side of segments, angular curved segments
are attached, called Diaphragms. These diaphragms
provide sealing at rotor land to prevent hot gas
leakage.
Cooling air tubes are inserted into diaphragms. The
air that cools, is the compressor discharge air
coming from the 1st stage shrouds.
 1st Stage Nozzle
Diaphragm sealing with Impingement Cooling
Rotor Land Plate
TURBINE STATOR

High and Low

Labyrinth
The 3rd stage nozzle set has 16 segments. Each segment contains 4 airfoil
partitions. A diaphragm segment is also attached to inner side wall of each
nozzle segment. Third stage nozzles are not air cooled.
These diaphragms are installed in same manner as in 2nd stage diaphragms.
They are supported by 2nd and 3rd stage shrouds with the similar fashion of 2nd
stage nozzle segments mounting. They are held in circumferential position by
radial pins. 2nd
Stage
The 3rd stage shrouds are as same as 2nd shrouds. They are sealed to each Nozzle
other by a Key seal. Cooling is made by air extracted by compressor 5th stage. Segment
Outer
Side
3rd Stage
Nozzle
2nd and 3rd Stage Bucket Segment
Tip Labyrinth 1st Stage Shrouds and Outer
Arrangement Bucket Tip Arrangement Side
Key seal

Cloth seal

Locking Pin
Groove
 TURBINE STATOR (Cont.)

2nd and 3rd Stage 3rd Stage

3rd Stage
Shrouds Interlocking Shroud
Shroud
Key Seal In 2nd Cooling Line
Locking Pin
and 3rd Stage Access 3rd Stage
Access
Shrouds BI Access Nozzle
Segment
2nd Stage Locking Pin
Shroud Access
Locking Pin
Access

1st Stage
Shroud
2nd Stage
Locking Pin
Nozzle
Access
Segment
Locking Pin
Access

Honey Comb
Sealing
 TURBINE STATOR (Cont.)
TURBINE SHELL FORWA RD END FACE TURBINE SHELL AFTER END FACE

Turbine Shell
Cooling Air
Holes
TURBINE ROTOR
Turbine rotor consists of Forward Stub Shaft; 1st, 2nd and 3rd
Turbine Wheels; two Turbine Wheel Spacers and After Stub
Shaft. All the parts are assembled together with 12 bolts.

Turbine Rotor Internal

Cooling Air Passage
 3rd Stage Bucket 2nd Stage Bucket 1st Stage Bucket
Arrangement Arrangement Arrangement
TURBINE ROTOR (Cont.)
The forward and after stub shafts are machined to
provide journal surface, surfaces for oil and air
seals, balancing grooves and face flange for
coupling engagement.
2nd Wheel 1st Wheel
The forward stub shaft has inner bore to pass Spacer Spacer
the turbine bucket cooling air.
The 1st stage turbine wheel has 92 buckets,
mounted on the first wheel by dove tail
arrangement. These buckets are restricted to move
axially by D key. First of all, radial locking pin is
installed before the 1st bucket. A D-key is then
installed for fixing the 1st bucket axially.
Later on, rest of buckets are installed in same
manner. When the last bucket is inserted, an axial
locking pin is installed, that pushes the radial

Cooling Air Passage for

locking pin to lock the last bucket. Cooling Air Entrance

1st Stage Bucket

Holes for 1st Stage
The 1st wheel buckets are thermal barrier coated. Air
Bucket

Cooling
passages are machined inside the 1st bucket. Air, that
comes from the inner bore of forward stub shaft, passes
through the slots on 1st wheel spacer, and is introduced in
between bucket and wheel. This makes a small air gap.
The air goes upstream, through holes under the
dovetail, along the bucket and is released from the
bucket tip.
Shank

Dovetail Bucket
Vane
 1st Stage
TURBINE ROTOR (Cont.) Bucket

The 1st wheel spacer is attached between 1st

turbine wheel aft end and 2nd turbine wheel
fwd. end. The wheel spacer spaces between the
wheels and defines the axial position between
wheels. The outer surface of wheel spacer is Twist Lock
machined for providing the labyrinth teeth
which engages with the diaphragm high and low
labyrinths for sealing. Slots are machined on
both forward and aft end for passing of the
cooling air.
The 2nd wheel carries 92 buckets. They are

Cooling Air Passage for

attached to the wheel with same dovetail

2nd Stage Bucket

arrangements. Locking of these buckets is done
by Twist Locks. Twist locks are first installed,

Cooling
then buckets are inserted throughout 360deg of
the wheel. After all the buckets are engaged on D-Key Entry
wheel, the twist locks are then turned to lock.
Buckets are cooled by rotor internal cooling air
which passes through 1st wheel spacer aft
machined slot to the buckets dovetail area. Radial Key
Entry for 1st
and Last
Bucket
Locking
 Buckets of 2nd and 3rd TURBINE ROTOR (Cont.)
Stage Twist Locked
The air is fed into the
plenum casted on
the bucket shank. 2nd Stage Buckets
From this plenum, with interlocking
air flows into the shrouds, cooling
span wise holes
machined on the air recess holes
bucket and exits from and Cutting Teeth
the bucket tip. Arrangement
The 2nd stage
bucket tip is enclosed
by shrouds which is a
part of tip seals. These shrouds are interlocked from bucket to bucket,
provide vibration damping. These shrouds also offer the cutting teeth
which open the slots on honeycomb seal fabricated on shrouds
segments, mounted on turbine shell.
The 2nd wheel spacer is located between 2nd and 3rd turbine wheel. Slots
are machined on forward face. The slots allow the cooling air to cool the
2nd wheel aft end.
TURBINE ROTOR (Cont.)
The 3rd turbine wheel carries the buckets of 3rd
turbine stage. It also contains 92 buckets. They are not
internally cooled. The bucket tips of 3rd stage are also 3rd Stage
enclosed by shrouds with cutting teeth arrangement.
Buckets

2nd Stage Bucket

Cooling Air
Balancing Access Hole
Groove
Journal Bearings
Three Journal bearings are responsible for bearing the radial load of

1st Journal Bearing

the combined rotor. Whereas, a couple of thrust bearings are
compensating the axial thrust of the rotor.
The journal bearings are in-housed, horizontally split type housings and
bearing liners, packed with the labyrinths for sealing. Air is introduced
for cooling and sealing purpose.
For extracting the bearings, their housings are first subjected to
remove. Then, the upper bearing liners are removed. Upper labyrinths
packing are keyed into the upper housing; whereas, lower ones are

In-active
freely inserted into the lower housing.

Thrust Collar

Active Thrust Bearing

3rd Bearing Insight
Thrust Bearings
The base rings of thrust bearings are composed of lower and upper halves, which are connected to each other by male
and female fittings. Pads are pivoted inside the base rings and can be inserted by sliding into each pad housing.

Guess the Active and

Inactive bearing?
TURBINE SECTION Compressor 5th Stage
Extraction Air
S3
TEMPERATURE CONTROL S2

N3 B3
S1
Compressor Discharge Air N2
B2
B1 D2
N
FORWARD 1 D1 AFTER

3rd Wheel Aft Space

1st Wheel Fwd Space
END END
NSR
WS2
Passive Cooling Air from
WS1 Exhaust Shell to Turbine Shell
Compressor Discharge Air
NOMENCLATURE
Rotor Internal NSR-NOZZLE SUPPORT RING
Air
N1-1ST STAGE NOZZLE
N2-2ND STAGE NOZZLE
N3-3RD STAGE NOZZLE
B1-1ST STAGE BUCKET
B2-2ND STAGE BUCKET
B3-3RD STAGE BUCKET
D1-2ND STAGE NOZZLE DIAPHRAM
D2-3RD STAGE NOZZLE DIAPHRAGM
S1-1ST STAGE SHROUD
S2-2ND STAGE SHROUD
S3-3RD SAGE SHROUD
WS1-1ST WHELL SPACER
WS2-2ND WHEEL SPACER
INSPECTION
In engineering activities inspection involves the
measurements, tests and gauges applied to certain
characteristics in regard to an object or activity.

WHY?
Inspection helps to control; quality, reduces downtime
costs, eliminate scrap losses and assignable causes of
defective work.
INSPECTION

Gas Turbine
Inspection
Types

Running Shutdown

Associated During Start-up, General Condition Combustion Hot Gas Path

Major Inspection
Equipment unit is operating Of Gas Turbine Inspection Inspection
 Major Inspection

Hot Gas Path Inspection

Combustion
Inspection

Compressor
Turbine
Section
Combustion Section Exhaust Plenum
Air Inlet Section
Housing
HGPI
• Removal and installation of
combustion section hardware
• Inspection/replacement of the parts
• Perform the Set-back Check

Combustion • Removal and installation of

Combustion Wrapper U/H
Inspection • Replacement of Glands

HGPI
The HGPI starts with • Removal and installation of turbine
section hardware
the combustion • Perform the turbine clearances’
section and involves check
the turbine section to • Perform the A-set reading check
thorough inspection • Check and adjust the Rotor Float
and replacement of • Rotor 6 Points’ check
• Check the Turbine Rotor to
parts. Turbine Generator Rotor Alignment and Perform
Inspection •
Correction if necessary
Check the centering of the 1st
stage nozzle ring
• Perform the bearings’ inspection
HGPI
All the tubing and piping are first subjected to remove, which are flanged to flanged with the nozzle
assembly; tapped from the respective manifolds: Atomizing Air manifold, Purge Air manifold, Fuel
Gas manifold and Liquid Fuel lines.

CI Hardware Dismantling Order

The dismantling of the combustion section is subjected to the steps followed;

❑ Fuel Nozzle assembly removal

❑ Spark plugs and Flame Detectors removal
❑ Can cover opening and Crossfire Retainers removal
❑ Crossfire Tube removal
❑ Liner Extraction
❑ Flow-sleeve removal
❑ Cans removal 5 & 11
❑ Combustion Wrapper U/H removal
❑ Transition Piece removal
Combustion Inspection
Once all the lines connected to the nozzle assembly are removed, the nozzle assembly is unbolted. It
is then suspended from the crane boom using a chain block and lifted.
Combustion Inspection

After unbolting the cover, the crossfire tube retainers will be

removed. Each can is equipped with two retainers. The crossfire
tubes consist of male and female parts, and the assembly is
pushed into the crossfire tube cover to free the liner and flow
sleeve. The retainers are removed by inserting a flat-head
screwdriver or crowbar into the retainer and pulling it out of the
flow sleeve.
Combustion Inspection

The liner is released from the forward supporting lugs and the aft-side spring
seal. Next, the flow sleeve is unscrewed from the forward face flange. The flow
sleeve is also secured by a spring seal at the aft end. A chain block is then used
to pull the flow sleeve out of the can assembly. Cans 5 and 11 are removed to
provide access to the wrapper for performing the setback measurement and
removing the transition pieces.
 Setback Check

The measurement is taken by the

vernier caliper for measuring the Outer
Ring
inner clearance
between the collar of the
Floating
transition face and 1st stage Seals
nozzle ring collar.

Range = 250 ± 50 Thous

Inner
Ring
 Make-up of the Combustion Section
Can Cover Gasket
Can Bolts Torque @ 230ft-lb
Can Cover Bolts Torque @ 160ft-lb
Nozzle Assembly Torque @ 100ft-lb

Vent Pipe Sealing

Maintain 2mm gap during bolting of

gland housing after glands Drain Pipe Sealing
replacement.
Make-up of the Combustion Section
Crossfire tubes are in male and female part, each part has three cuts, the
one at center is below the hole. A mark is indicated on central cut for
accurate positioning the crossfire tube inside the liners, so that, retainers
sit on the other two cuts perfectly. While putting this composition of
crossfire tubes, the mark indicated on central cut, should face you. The
crossfire tubes composition start with the 14th can (Female) and 1st
(Male) and carry on to next cans in the same manner.
Prior to Casings’ Unbolting and Lifting Activity
Mechanical jacks are placed before unbolting the upper half casings. These jacks are lifted to
metered value after appointing at the lower half casings.

Which bolts are first subjected to remove?

Turbine Inspection
6 Point Check Turbine Shell U/H Lifting
8 access holes are located on The first stage nozzle ring locking pin is removed
turbine shell at 2nd and 3rd stage prior lifting the turbine shell.
bucket wheels. These holes are
covered with the locking plugs.
From these holes, the vernier
depth is accessed to check the tip
clearance of turbine buckets.
Turbine Inspection
Rotor Float Check A-set Reading
The limits range between 13 to 17 thou, if the brush For recording the reading, the rotor
seal exists in the pressure packing. Rather than
that, the range falls between 21 to 27 thou. should be displaced at active side thrust
bearing.

10.250”
Turbine Clearances
Turbine axial and radial clearances are recorder
when the rotor is at active thrust bearing side. The
clearances are categorized as fwd and aft sides
clearances, and recorded between, the buckets and
shrouds, and the diaphragms and rotor land.
1st Stage Nozzle Ring Checks
Concentricity is checked between 1st
nozzle inner ring to the support ring,
measured from 4 points: top, bottom, left
and right.
1st stage nozzle ring is bolted with three
bolts on either sides, connected both halves
of the ring. 2 side supporting blocks are
also used for holding the nozzle ring with the
casing.
Make-up of the Turbine Section
Drop Check Setting
The first and last shrouds in
80 thou distance the turbine half shell are
piece
clamped by keeping the male
fitting out to 120 ± 20 thou and
rest of shrouds are arranged
by keeping the distance of 60
± 20 thous, in each.
New shrouds are drilled on site
Why drop check is required? with the same configuration for
the induction of locking pins.
Male fitting out
to 120 thou
Make-up of the Turbine Section

D-key
Arrangement

The discourager seal is composed of 4 pieces, each piece is pinched for locking inside the groove. A
center distance is maintained for the thermal growth of each piece. The seal length out of the groove
must be uniform through out the periphery of the rotor.
All the buckets feature a dovetail arrangement and locks for securing engagement with the rotor.
Journal Bearing Checks
Plain Journal Bearing Tilting Pad Journal Bearing
❑ Journal Bedding Area/Contact Check ❑ Journal Bedding Area/Contact Check on
❑ Top Oil Clearance Check each Pad
❑ Side Oil Clearance/Twist Check ❑ Oil Clearance for Each Pad
❑ Bearing Crush Check ❑ Bearing Crush Check
❑ Bearing and Journal NDT Checks ❑ Pads and Journal NDT Checks
❑ Half Joints’ Contact Check ❑ Half Joints’ Contact Check
❑ Half Joint Dowel Play check ❑ Half Joint Dowel Play check
Bearing Contact Check Bearing Side Oil Clearance Check Bearing Crush Check

For Elliptical Bearing:

TOC ≤ SOC

For Cylindrical Bearing:

TOC = 2 x SOC

Bearing Top Oil Clearance Check Thumb Rule!

For Plain Journal Bearing:

1in for 1thou, for Journal Dia

For Tilting Pad Journal Bearing:

1in for 2thous, for Journal Dia

 Shim

Plain Bearing Calculation Formula:

1.3 x shaft dia / 1000 + 0.1 Crush = Shim Thickness – Lead Wire
Thickness (After Tightening)
 Tilting Pad Journal Bearing Clearance Check
Dial No.2
There are 4 ways to check the clearance of Tilting Pad Journal Bearing.
❑ Lifting Method Lifting Method
❑ Mandrel Method Dial No.1
❑ Lead wire Method Bearing
❑ ID/OD Method
Journal
ID/OD Method
Housing

A = Dial No. 1 Reading – Dial No. 2 Reading Bearing

Clearance = A (Reading) x Factor Factors against Pads

Configuration of Bearing:

3 Pads - 0.667
4 Pads – 0.707
5 Pads – 0.894
6 Pads - 1
Thrust Bearing Checks
❑ Pads Height Adjustment
❑ Pads Contact Check
❑ Pads NDT Checks
❑ Visual Inspection and Cleaning of Leveling Plates

Needs more improvement

Float and A-set Setting
=1”
=0.7”
=10.80”
=10.250”
Turbine to Generator Alignment
Gib-keys are first removed from fwd and aft sides of the Generator Compartment. All the
Generator leg bolts are should be unbolted.
For performing the alignment Turbine to Generator, the Generator rotor is slightly pushed back
for making a room for measuring the face readings, which is recorded by means of a slide
parallel.
Slide parallel where transition fits into coupling faces, the width is measured by the inside
micrometer. This is known as axial reading; it is recorded, at each quarter turn, from four
positions top, bottom, left and right. Final axial readings are the average of four readings at a point.
Note: After alignment correction, new housings for
gib-keys are emerged and gib-keys undergo
engineering for exact fitting into that housings; by
addition of shims, or thickness reduction.

Note: The turning is

performed on
turbine, whereas,
generator rotor
remains stationary.
Turbine to Generator Alignment

Radial Axial
Readings Readings

-103 -103 5 5

-206 10

Note: All readings are in thou. &

Dial on Gen. Rotor