Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance

Grade Level: Grade 12

Objective:

1. Explain the roles and power of the Philippine President.

2. Analyze how Philippine Presidents exercised their powers.

3. Critique the Philippine President's exercise of power.

I. Before the Lesson / Pre-lesson Proper

Learning within the curriculum:

1. The Legislative Process - Understanding how the President interacts with Congress to create laws.

2. The Role of the Executive Branch - Exploring the functions of the executive branch and how the
President leads this branch.

Learning across the curriculum:

1. History - Examining past Philippine Presidents and their significant contributions or failures in office.

2. Economics - Analyzing the impact of presidential decisions on economic policies and national
development.

Activating Prior Knowledge:

Teaching Strategy: Think-Pair-Share

Instructional Materials: Whiteboard and markers.

Energizer 1: Presidential Role Play - Students act out scenarios where they have to make decisions as the
President based on historical events.

Energizer 2: Word Association - Students will call out words they associate with the President, and the
teacher will write them on the board to spark discussion.

Establishing Lesson Purpose / Intention:

Today, we will delve into the powers and roles of the Philippine President, exploring how these powers
are exercised and critiqued. Understanding these aspects is crucial as it shapes our governance and
impacts our lives as citizens.

Lesson Language Practice/Unlocking of Difficulties:

Key Terms:

1. Executive Power
2. Veto Power

3. Checks and Balances

Key Concepts:

1. The President has both formal and informal powers that influence governance.

2. The exercise of presidential power can be assessed through various lenses, including legality, morality,
and effectiveness.

II. During the Lesson Proper

Reading the Key Idea:

The Philippine President holds significant power and responsibilities, which can greatly influence the
nation's laws, policies, and overall direction.

Developing Understanding of the Key Idea:

ActivitiesActivity 1: Power Mapping

Teaching Strategy: Cooperative Learning

Materials: Chart paper, markers, and printouts of the Philippine Constitution.

Significance: Students will collaboratively create a visual map of presidential powers, enhancing
understanding through teamwork.

Instructions:

1. In groups, review the Philippine Constitution to identify the President's powers.

2. Create a power map that visually represents these powers.

3. Present the power map to the class and explain its components.

Rubrics:

- Clarity of Information: 5 pts.

- Creativity of Presentation: 5 pts.

- Team Collaboration: 5 pts.

Assessment Questions:

1. What are the main powers of the President outlined in the Constitution?

2. How do these powers affect governance?

3. Can you give an example of a President exercising these powers?

Activity 2: Presidential Decision-Making Simulation

Teaching Strategy: Role-Playing

Significance: Students will engage in a simulation that mimics decision-making processes faced by the
President.

Instructions:

1. Divide the class into small groups, assigning each a scenario where they must make a presidential
decision (e.g., responding to a natural disaster).

2. Each group discusses and presents their decision to the class.

3. The class then critiques the decisions based on the powers of the President.

Rubrics:

- Relevance of Decision: 5 pts.

- Justification of Choice: 5 pts.

- Engagement in Simulation: 5 pts.

Assessment Questions:

1. What factors influenced your decision as a President?

2. How did you ensure that your decision was constitutional?

3. What challenges did you face in making your decision?

Deepening Understanding of the Key Idea:

Activity: Critical Thinking Debate

Teaching Strategy: Inquiry-based Learning

Materials: None required.

Significance: Students will engage in a structured debate to critically analyze presidential power.

Instructions:

1. Divide the class into two groups: one supporting presidential power and the other critiquing it.

2. Each group prepares arguments and counterarguments.

3. Conduct a debate where each side presents their views and responds to the opposing side.

Rubrics:

- Quality of Arguments: 5 pts.

- Engagement in Debate: 5 pts.

- Use of Evidence: 5 pts.

1. What arguments did you find most compelling during the debate?

2. How does public opinion influence presidential power?

3. In your view, what is the most significant power of the President?

III. After the Lesson / Post-lesson Proper

Making Generalizations / Abstractions:

Today, we explored the multifaceted roles and powers of the Philippine President, understanding how
these powers are exercised and critiqued in a democratic context. We learned that presidential
decisions can have far-reaching effects on governance and society. By examining these aspects, we can
better appreciate the importance of accountability and checks on presidential power.

Assessment - Evaluating Learning:

Teaching Strategy: Direct Instruction

Questions:

1. What are the main roles of the President?

2. How can presidential powers be checked?

3. Why is it important to critique the exercise of presidential power?

For Higher Order Thinking Skills:

Questions:

1. How might the balance of power shift if a President oversteps their authority?

2. In what ways can the public hold the President accountable for their actions?

3. What historical examples illustrate the consequences of presidential power misuse?

Answers:

1. Overstepping can lead to a constitutional crisis, undermining democratic governance.

2. The public can engage in protests, petitions, and voting to express their discontent and demand
accountability.

3. The Martial Law era under Ferdinand Marcos shows how excessive presidential power can lead to
oppression and loss of civil liberties.

Additional Activities for Application / Remediation:

1. Write a reflective essay on a Philippine President of your choice, analyzing their exercise of power and
its impact on the country. This can be done with any writing materials available at home.