World Health Organization

Introduction:

About the UN:

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries
committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and
promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. The name "United Nations", coined
by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January
1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue
fighting together against the Axis Powers. Currently, the United Nations has 193 Member States: List of Member
States of the United Nations he UN and its work are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its
founding Charter. The UN has evolved over the years to keep pace with a rapidly changing world. The United
Nations was established after World War II in an attempt to maintain international peace and security and to
achieve cooperation among nations on economic, social, and humanitarian problems

About the Organization:

WHO: World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations' specialized agency for Health. It is an inter-
governmental organization and works in collaboration with its member states usually through the Ministries of
Health. The World Health Organization is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping
the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing
technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. It was established on April 7th, 1948,
its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO plays an essential role in supporting countries to
respond to and recover from health threats. We unite the world in battling the most pressing health
emergencies, including disease outbreaks, natural disasters, humanitarian crises and pandemics. In April 1945,
during the Conference to set up the United Nations (UN) held in San Francisco, representatives of Brazil and
China proposed that an international health organization be established and a conference to frame its
constitution convened.

Aims and Objectives:

WHO works worldwide to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. The aim is to ensure
that a billion more people have universal health coverage, to protect a billion more people from health
emergencies, and provide a further billion people with better health and well-being. Moving towards universal
health coverage (UHC). Protecting against health emergencies. Promoting health and well-being.

The main objectives of the WHO are:

● The organization directs and coordinates authority on international health work.

The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably
the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine. Its current
priorities include communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis; non-communicable
diseases such as heart disease and cancer; healthy diet, nutrition, and food security; occupational health;
and substance abuse. The agency advocates for universal health care coverage, engagement with the monitoring
of public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting health and well-
being generally.

WHO works worldwide to promote health, keep the world safe. The goal is to ensure that a billion more people
have universal health coverage, to protect a billion more people from health emergencies, and provide a further
billion people with better health and well-being.

Some of the contributions are:

1. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

Contributions to India

‘The WHO India Country Cooperation Strategy 2019–2023: A Time of Transition’ has been jointly developed by
the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoH&FW) of the Government of India (GOL) and the WHO Country
Office for India. The Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS), provides a strategic roadmap for WHO to work with the
GoAir towards achieving its health sector goals, improving the health of its population and bringing in
transformative changes in the health sector.

This CCS not only builds upon the work that WHO has been supporting out in the last several years, but also
expands to address complex challenges–such as the prevention of NCDs, the control of antimicrobial resistance
(AMR), the reduction of air pollution, and the prevention and treatment of mental illnesses — WHO will further
expand its collaboration with a broader set of government sectors and other stakeholders beyond health, under
the overall guidance of the MoHFW, as well as continue to work collaboratively with other United Nations (UN)
agencies and international partners.

The period of this CCS is expected to bring rapid and significant changes to India’s health sector and to improve
access to quality health care, especially to the vulnerable and underserved populations. Improving access to
medical products of assured quality made in India Development and information sharing of innovations in health
practices and technologies including IHIP.

Some of the contributions are:

1. Implementing Ayushman Bharat: Health and Wellness Centers and hospital insurance scheme
2. Monitoring and evaluation of health sector performance
 3. Improving access to priority health services such as immunizations, maternal and child health, tuberculosis,
hepatitis
4. Digital health ecosystem
5. Eliminating neglected tropical diseases and control of vaccine-preventable and vector-borne diseases

Challenges faced by who:

● Expanding Access to Medicines

Alarmingly, about one-third of the world population lacks access to lifesaving medicines, vaccines, and diagnostic
tools. This dearth of access to health products is endangering patients and fueling drug resistance, according to
WHO.

● Preparing for Epidemics

WHO admonishes that the onset of a new pandemic that threatens the lives of millions is not a matter of if, but
when. While they postulated that this pandemic might come in the form of a strain of influenza, they also cautioned
that vector-borne diseases like malaria and yellow fever are spreading as mosquito populations move into new areas.

● Stopping Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria will kill an estimated 4 million (mostly poor) people in 2020.
Concurrently, vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles, continue to kill thousands of people each year, many of
them children. “There’s an urgent need for greater political will and increased funding for essential health services,”
wrote WHO. This includes organizing greater efforts to attenuate the effects of drug resistance, and investing in
research and development for new medicines, vaccines, and medical devices.

● Health emergencies

Globalization entails an increased risk of the spread of both known and new communicable diseases. Antimicrobial
resistance is spreading globally and may threaten the ability to treat common infectious illnesses. International
health regulations to prevent the spread of infection across national borders represent an important instrument to
strengthen national competence in infection prevention and control. However, much remains to be achieved before
all countries have the capacity to detect, investigate and report on communicable diseases and health threats.

● Countries with the greatest need

Universal health coverage – one of the UN's sustainable development goals for 2030 – is one of the main tasks of the
World Health Organization. The goal is equal access to health services for everyone, sustainable financing, an
adequate number of health workers, affordable essential medicines and health products and a functioning health
information system. In order to achieve this, the organization must do more to ensure a presence in the countries
that need it most.

Conclusion:
The global vision that has brought improved travel and trade and increased interdependency among countries
also calls for a common vision of health around the world. All countries are vulnerable to the ever-present
threats of infectious disease, outbreaks, and epidemics. At the same time, there are opportunities for shared
innovation and universal purpose as many countries that suffer from similar disease burdens strive to develop
best practices and strong health systems for their citizens. Although WHO has opportunities and challenges, its
contribution is great to increase the quality of life and living standard globally. The World Health Organization
(WHO) is a United Nations specialized body that investigates public health issues

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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov