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Japan-Police-System (1)

The Japan Police System is structured at both national and prefectural levels, with the National Public Safety Commission overseeing the Japan National Police Agency (JNPA) and ensuring police neutrality and democratic administration. Prefectural Police Departments operate under the supervision of local Public Safety Commissions, with a focus on community policing and crime prevention through initiatives like the Koban system. The JNPA includes various attached agencies for training and research, and emphasizes decentralization and community cooperation in policing efforts.

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4 views

Japan-Police-System (1)

The Japan Police System is structured at both national and prefectural levels, with the National Public Safety Commission overseeing the Japan National Police Agency (JNPA) and ensuring police neutrality and democratic administration. Prefectural Police Departments operate under the supervision of local Public Safety Commissions, with a focus on community policing and crime prevention through initiatives like the Koban system. The JNPA includes various attached agencies for training and research, and emphasizes decentralization and community cooperation in policing efforts.

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bokromeo8
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Japan Police System (JNPA)

National Level:
 National Public Safety Commission
 Its mission is to guarantee the neutrality of the police by insulating the force
from political pressure and to ensure the maintenance of democratic methods
in police administration.
 Its primary function is to supervise the Japan National Police Agency, and it
has the authority to appoint or dismiss senior police officers.
 Controls the National Police Agency in terms of:
- Police training
- Communication
- Criminal statistics
- Equipment
- Matters of police administration
JAPAN NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
 Known as Keisatsu-chō
 It was formed in 1954 as a civilian law enforcement agency
 It is an agency administered by the National Public Safety Commission, a
Cabinet Office in Japan.
 It acts as the central coordinating agency of the Japanese police system.
 As the central coordinating body for the entire police system, the National
Police Agency determines general standards and policies; detailed direction
of operations is left to the lower echelons.
 In a national emergency or large-scale disaster, the agency is authorized to
take command of prefectural police forces. In 1989 the agency was
composed of about 1,100 national civil servants, empowered to collect
information and to formulate and execute national policies.
 The agency is headed by a COMMISSIONER GENERAL who is appointed by the
National Public Safety Commission with the approval of the prime minister.

Prefectural or Local Level:


PREFECTURAL POLICE DEPARTMENTS
 Japan’s police are organized on a prefectural basis
 Prefectural police are placed in each Prefecture to perform various police
activities
 Under the supervision of the Prefectural Public Safety Commission which is
under the National Public Safety Commission
 The National Police Agency (NPA) is set up to supervise these Prefectural
Police or adjust their activities from the national standpoint.
Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC)
- Established under the jurisdiction of the respective Prefectural Governors, it
control the Prefectural Police in its respective jurisdiction
Prefectural Police
 Jurisdiction is generally confined in their respective prefectures
 There are 47 Prefectural Police Departments in Japan ...
 The Largest is the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
 Next is Osaka Police Department

Attached Agency of the JNPA:


 National Police Academy = provides training to police officers
 National Research Institute of Police Science = conducts research in police
science
 Imperial Guards = provides escorts to the Emperor, Empress and other
Imperial Family/ responsible for the security of Imperial Palace.
NPA COMMISSIONER GENERAL
- The NPA Commissioner General holds the highest position in the Japanese
police. His title is not a rank but rather denotes his position as head of the
NPA. On the other hand, the MPD Superintendent General represents not only
the highest rank in the system but also assignment as head of the Tokyo
Metropolitan Police Department.

POLICE OFFICERS ARE DIVIDED INTO NINE RANKS:


Commissioner / Keisatsu-chō Chōkan = Chief of National Police Agency
Superintendent General/ Keishi-sōkan = Chief of Metropolitan Police Department
Superintendent Supervisor/ Keishi-kan = Deputy Commissioner General, Deputy
Superintendent
General, The Chief of Regional Police Bureau, The Chief of Prefectural Police
Headquarters
Chief Superintendent/ Keishi-chō = The Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters
Senior Superintendent/ Keishi-sei = The Chief of Police Station
Superintendent/ Keishi = The Chief of Police Station
Police Inspector or Captain/ Keibu
Assistant Police Inspector or Lieutenant/ Keibu-ho
Police Sergeant/Junsa-buchō
Senior Police Officer or Corporal/ Junsa-chō
Police officer, old Patrolman/ Junsa
SPECIAL POLICING PROGRAM
KOBAN are substations near commercial areas and in residential districts. It serves
as the first line of police response to the public. The Koban system is composed of
about 6000 police boxes (Koban) and about 7000 residential police boxes
(Chuzaisho). Koban is staffed by relatively small number of police officers (3-5
officers in usual), and a single officer usually staffs Chuzaisho.

Japan's Community Policing System


Four (4) Elements of Japan’s Community System:
1. Community-based Crime Prevention
- Police expand their perception of the community role to make the prevention
of crime equal in importance to the law enforcement component. Japan’s
Complex Program of Crime Prevention relies upon the cooperation and
support of the community.

2. Reorientation of Patrol Activities


- Japanese police are much more on crime prevention in the sense that police
activity should resolve problems into many areas of life, to aid the community
in resolving problems that could lead to disorder.

3. Increase Accountability to the public


- Police and Community are co-producers of an orderly society. Police share
power with the community they serve through a closer relation with
community groups to help obtain information, define priorities, and in
planning effective strategies.

4. Decentralization of Command
- Japanese police officers were given greater discretion to develop responses to
community problems by having in the neighborhood police center or beat
offices. These specific police response enhances police-community
cooperation.

Japanese Strengths in Decentralization


a. Kobun - Oyabun- a kind of student-mentor relationship between the Japanese
patrol officers and their superiors, which allows the officers a great of input into
decisions about local problems.
b. Koban- basically an urban police post or storefront offices or tiny building
resembling sentry stations. From a tour of duty in Koban, officers move on detective
work, traffic patrol, riot police, and other specialized assignment.
c. Chisai-san- a rural officer who is required to visit each household twice per year
and works with citizens to solve problems.

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