9.

Current Electricity

Shortcuts

1. If four identical resistors, each of resistance R, are connected in the form of a square, the effective resistance
between the ends of the diagonal is R.

2. When the length of a wire having resistance R is made m times and its radius n times, the resistance (R) of
m
the wire becomes R = R
n2

3. When a wire having resistance R is stretched so as to make its length n R then R = n2 R

ns
4. Current through any resistor (branch current) I is given by,
 Resistance of oppositebranch 
I = Main current (I)   
 Total resistance 

io
5. To determine original length of wire when two balancing lengths for same internal resistance are given, then
l1l2
apply the formula, L = (l1 > l2)

at
2l2  l1

6. Potential gradient of a potentiometer governs its sensitivity. The sensitivity and potential gradient are
inversely proportional to each other.

7.
lic
The balancing length in a metre bridge experiment is independent of the area of cross-section of the wire
used.
A
8. In a Wheatstone Bridge,
ub
P Q
QS
i. If R > , then current flows from B to D.
P
D B
QS
ii. If R < , then current flows from D to B.
P

P R S

9. Use of M.C.G. as an ammeter: C

i. If there is a question involving ammeter or shunt, just look for two values in the given question and always
et

smaller value S
apply the formula, = where S is shunt which is very small and G is resistance of
bigger value SG
galvanometer.
rg

ii. If in the question two values of current are given, always remember, the bigger value will be I and the
Ig S
smaller value will be Ig and apply the formula,  .
I SG
Ta

iii. If in the question only one value of current is given, remember it will always be Ig.
iv. If in the question, it is given that x% of main current passes through galvanometer, then simply apply the
Ig X
formula,  .
I 100

10. Use of M.C.G. as a voltmeter:

V
i. In a voltmeter, a very high resistance R is connected in series given by, R =  G where V is new range
Ig
(for example, if galvanometer was able to read upto 10 volts and it is to be converted into voltmeter to read
upto 100 volts, then V will be 100 volts) and to calculate Ig, always apply the formula,
old range
Ig =
G

ii. Value of R should always be very high and value of S should be very small.
1
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

Mindbenders
1. Kirchhoff’s laws are applicable for DC as well as AC circuits. They can be accurately used for DC
circuits and low frequency AC circuits. In case of AC though, summation of current should be done in
vector form or using instantaneous value for the AC components of the circuit.
2. The potentiometer deals with potential difference and not with e.m.f.
V1 l1 E l
3. In potentiometer experiment, we write  as, 1  1 because in the experiments on potentiometer,
V2 l2 E 2 l2
cells are used in open circuit.
 V=E

ns
4. A balance point is obtained on the potentiometer wire if the fall of potential along the potentiometer wire
due to driving cell is greater than the e.m.f. of the cell to be balanced.
5. A voltmeter can measure D.C. voltage only. Earlier to measure A.C. voltage, a rectifier circuit was connected
before voltmeter. However, True-RMS voltmeters have made it possible to measure A.C voltage directly.

io
Solutions

at
Classical Thinking

9.2 Kirchhoff’s Laws of Electrical Network 10. (D)

When I = 0 A, V = E = 3 V
1. (B) 2. (C)
lic E 3
When V = 0, r =  = 0.5 
3. (C) 4. (D) I 6
9.3 Wheatstone Bridge
5. (B) 6. (C)
ub
1. (A)
7. (C)
2. (C)
8. (A) In Wheatstone bridge experiment, some
smaller part of the experimental wire may be
P

1 1 found under metallic strip at the ends. This

additional length has some resistance known as
1 end resistance. Hence, to measure the accurate
1.2 V 3 1
et

1 length, first the balancing length is obtained by

keeping the known and unknown resistances in the
2 1 left and right gaps; and then again the balancing
length is obtained by interchanging the known and
rg

Req = (1 + 2)  = 3 unknown resistances to nullify the effect of

.....( Considering shortest path) unaccounted resistance offered by terminals.
V 1.2 3. (B) 4. (B)
I= = = 0.4 A
Ta

R eq 3
5. (A) 6. (D)
9. (A) 7. (A) 8. (B)
1.5 R 9. (A)
X R O Y 10. (B)
Resistivity of a conductor increases with
increase in temperature because rate of
3R collisions between free electrons and ions
1.5R  3R increase with increase in temperature. However,
ROY = =R the resistivity of semiconductors decreases with
(1.5  3)R
increase in temperature because more and more
RXO = ROY = R covalent bonds are broken at higher
 VXO = VOY temperature, thus making more charge carriers
 VA = VB = VC available for conduction.

2
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

11. (B) 12. (D) 16. (D)
13. (D) Internal resistance of a cell,
P R  l1  l2   240  120 

Q S
r = R   2  =2
 l2   120 
P
Since P and Q is constant will be constant 17. (D)
Q
R Internal resistance,
 = constant
S l   52  12 5
r =  1 1 R =  1  5 = = 1.5 
R 5 7  l2   40  40
 
S S S3
 5(S + 3) = 7S 9.5 Galvanometer

ns
 15 = 2S
1. (B) 2. (D)
 S = 7.5 
14. (B) 3. (A)
l1 = 52 + 1 = 53 cm, l2 = 48 + 2 = 50 cm l

io
R=
As the bridge is balanced, A
l1 X 53 X  Shunt wire must have low resistance.
  
l2 R 50 10 For low resistance, wire should be short (l must

at
 X = 10.6  be small) and thick (area of wire should be large).

9.4 Potentiometer
lic 4. (D)

1. (A) 2. (A) 5. (C)

3. (B) 4. (C) G
Given: S =
n
5. (A) 6. (B)
ub
 Ig 
7. (A) 8. (A) But S =   G
 I  Ig 
9. (B)
G I
Refer Shortcut 6  = g G
n I  Ig
P

10. (B)
 I  Ig = nIg
When null point is obtained on potentiometer wire,
the cell whose potential difference is to be I
 Ig =
et

measured does not supply current to potentiometer n 1

wire since galvanometer deflection is zero. Ig 1
Therefore, current through the potentiometer wire  
I n 1
is due to auxiliary battery.
rg

6. (B) 7. (A)
11. (C)
12. (A) 8. (D)
Ta

Potential difference per unit length, Reason is correct as, to increase range additional
V 2 shunt is connected across it. But, assertion is
= = 0.5 V/m incorrect as shunt is added in parallel.
L 4

13. (A) 14. (B) 9. (D)

The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is
15. (B) considered as infinite so that it does not change
While assisting net E.M.F = E1 + E2 the current in the circuit.
opposing net E.M.F =  E1  E2
for potentiometer E  l 10. (A) 11. (B)
1   2 50 5
   12. (D)
E1  E 2 10 1
The voltmeter is a high resistance galvanometer.
E 1 5 1 6 3
   
E 2 5 1 4 2 13. (B) 14. (A)

3
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (A)
I 100 G G 18. (C)
n=   500  R= 
Ig 0.2 n 500

Critical Thinking
9.2 Kirchhoff’s Laws of Electrical Network
Let V be the potential of the junction as shown
1. (A) in figure. Applying junction law, we have
According to Kirchhoff's first law, 20  V 5V V0
+ =
At junction A, IA = 2 + 2 = 4 A 2 4 2
At junction B, IB = IBC + 1 = 4 A  IBC = 3A  40 – 2V + 5 – V = 2V

ns
2A 1A  5V = 45  V = 9 V
1.3A
V
A B  I3 = = 4.5 A
C 2
2A I

io
5. (D)
At junction C, I = IBC  1.3 = 3  1.3 = 1.7 A B
4V
2. (B)
I2 4

at
According to Kirchhoff’s law, A I1 O
ICD = I2 + I3 8V I3
2
3. (C)
2
By Kirchhoff’s current law,
15 A
lic C
2V

I2 B 3A Let potential at O be V0.

A According to Kirchhoff’s current law,
I1 + I2 + I3 = 0
ub
8A
I3 8  V0 4  V0 2  V0
D
  =0
C 2 4 2
I  2 (8 – V0) + 4  V0 + 2(2 – V0) = 0
5A I1
 16  2V0 + 4  V0 + 4 – 2V0 = 0
P

Let the currents I1, I2 and I3 be as shown in the  5 V0 = 24

figure. 24
Applying Kirchhoff’s junction law to D,  V0 = = 4.8 V
5
et

I1 + 5 = 8  I1 = 3 A
Applying it to A, 6. (A)
I2 = 8 + 15 = 23 A According to Kirchhoff’s voltage law in loop
Applying it to B,
rg

ABQPA,
I2 + 3 = I3  I3 = 26 A
  (i1 + i2)R  i1r1 + E1 = 0
Applying it to C,
I1 + I = I3  E1  (i1 + i2)R  i1r1 = 0
Ta

 I = I3  I1 = 26  3 = 23 A 7. (A)
Thinking Hatke - Q.3 Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the
given loop QPQ,
Total current entering the loop ABCDA is
15A + 3A + 5A = 23 A. Hence, total current leaving
the loop ABCDA will be same i.e., 23 A. 1  4 V 8V 2 
P Q
I
4. (A) I
9
20 V 2  V 4 5V
A I1 I2 B 1
2I + 8 – 4  (1  I)  9I = 0  I = A
2 3
I3 1
 Potential difference across PQ = 9=3V
0V 3

4
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

8. (A) 2
Similarly, current in ADB, IADB = A
Applying Kirchhoff law, 50
(2 + 2) = (0.1 + 0.3 + 0.2)I 20  C 30 
20 A B
 I= A
3 V
 Potential difference across A
20 4
= 2  0.1  = V (less than 2 V) 30  D 20 
3 3
Potential difference across B 2V
20
= 2  0.3  =0 Now, p.d. between points A and C is,
3
2
VA –  20 = VC

ns
9. (D) 50
Since E1(10 V) > E2 (4 V), hence current in the 2
circuit will be clockwise. i.e., VA = VC +  20
50
E1
a 1 e E2 2  b p.d. between points A and D is,

io
2
10 V 4 V VA –  30 = VD
50
I
3 2

at
c i.e., VA = VD +  30
d 50
2 2
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law,  VC +  20 = VD +  30
50 50


(1  I) + 10  4  (2  I)  3I = 0
I = 1 A (a to b via e)
lic  VC – VD =
2
(30  20) = 0.4 V
50
10. (D) 12. (D)
ub
100  B I1 2V 2 I1
A C A B
I2
I1 I3
50 
25 
10 V D C
P

5V I2 2V 2  I2
(I1 + I2) (I1 + I2)
F D
E
E F
et

Considering direction of I1 and I2, 5

I1 + I3 = I2 Applying Kirchhoff’s second law for closed
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law in loop loop AEFBA we get,
rg

BCDEB
 (I1 + I2)  5  (I1  2) + 2 = 0
25I3 + 5 + 50I2 = 0
 7I1 + 5I2 = 2 ….(i)
25I3 + 5 + 50(I1 + I3) = 0
Again, applying Kirchhoff’s second law for a
 50I1 + 75I3 = 5 ….(i)
Ta

closed loop DEFCD we get,

Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law in loop
(I1 + I2)  5  (I2  2) + 2 = 0
ABCDEFA,
 5I1 + 7I2 = 2 ….(ii)
100I1 + 25I3 =  10 ….(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 7 we get,
From equation (i) and (ii),
35I1 + 25I2 = 10 ….(iii)
175I3 = 20
35I1 + 49I2 = 14 ….(iv)
4
I3 = A Subtracting (iv) from (iii) we get,
35
1
11. (A)  24I2 =  4  I2 = A
6
From figure, resistance in branch ACB is, Substituting the value of I2 in equation (i)
RACB = 20 + 30 = 50  we get,
2 1 7 1
 Current in ACB, IACB = A 7I1 = 2  5   7I1 =  I1 = A
50 6 6 6

5
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

The current through the 5 , 16. (B)
1 1 4V 2V
= I1 + I2 = + 6V
6 6 H F D B
1 0V
= A 2V 2V 2V
3
R1 = 1  R2 = 1  R3 = 1 
13. (B)
2V 2V 2V
Current from D to C = 1 A
0V
 VD  VC = 2  1 = 2 V G E C A
VA = 0  VC = 1 V, 6V 4V 2V
 VD  VC = 2 Consider potential at points A and B to be zero.
Hence, potential at points C and D will be 2 V.
 VD  1 = 2  VD = 3 V

ns
Similarly, potential at E and F is 4 V.
 VD  VB = 2
This implies potential drop across each resistor
 3  VB = 2  VB = 1 V
R1, R2 and R3 is zero.
14. (D)  Current through each resistor is zero.

io
Suppose current through different paths of the
17. (B)
circuit is as follows:
The circuit can be simplified as follows:

at
28 54
B C
I1 30 
6V I3 I3
i1 1 2 A D
i3 i2
40  40 V
lic I2
F E
8V 12V 40  80 V
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to loop (1) Applying Kirchhoff’s current law to junction A,
ub
and loop (2) we get, I3 = I1 + I2 ….(i)
1 Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law for the loop
28i1  6  8  i1   A and
2 ABCDA,
1  30I1 + 40  40I3 = 0
P

54i 2  6  12  i 2   A
3   30I1  40(I1 + I2) + 40 = 0 ….[From (i)]
5  7I1 + 4I2 = 4 ….(ii)
 i3  i1  i2   A
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law for the loop
et

6
AFEDA,
15. (A)
 40I2 + 80 + 40  40I3 = 0
  40I2  40(I1 + I2) =  120 ….[From (i)]
rg

I 1 I – I1
 I1 + 2I2 = 3 ….(iii)
I1 On solving equations (ii) and (iii),
6V
A 2 R=2 I1 =  0.4 A
Ta

B 18. (D)
12 V 1
Applying Kirchhoff’s law to loop A,
13 V 2
6 – I  2I1 = 0 ….(i)
Applying it to loop B,
10 
– 2(I  I1) + 2I1 = 0 ….(ii)
 – 2I = – 4I1  I = 2I1
Substituting in equation (i), Eeq= E1r2  E 2 r1  12  2   13  1  37 V
r1  r2 1 2 3
6 – 2I1  2I1 = 0
1 2 2
 I1 =
6
= 1.5 A Also, req = r1r2 =  
4 r1  r2 1 2 3

6
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

Current in the circuit will be, Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i),
37  4I1 + 2I2 = 0
I= E eq 3 37  2I2 = 4I1  I2 / I1 = 2
  A
R  req 2 32
10  21. (D)
3
The voltage across the load, For parallel combination of batteries,
37 E1 E E
V = IR = 10 = 11.56 V  2  3
2R1 R2 2R1
32 Eeq =
1 1 1
 
19. (D) 2R1 R2 2R1
Let the currents through various branches be as 2 4 4
 
shown = 2 2 2
R D (a+b)
C b 1 1 1
 

ns
2 2 2
R R
5 2
(a  b) a =
B F 3
R 10


io
R R Eeq = = 3.3 V
a 3
A
(a+b) b R 22. (A)
I – I1

at
A R D R E
E
I1
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law in loop V
ABCDEA and loop ABFA we get, R R
E  aR  2Rb = 0 ….(i)
lic I

 aR  (a – b)R + 2Rb = 0 ….(ii) V

2aR = 3Rb  2a = 3b
3b B C F
ub
E=R  2Rb = (a + b) Req
2 For loop ADCBA,
7Rb  3b  IR + I1R + V – V = 0
   b  R eq  (I + I1)R = 0  I1 = – I
2  2 
Now, In loop AEFBA,
P

7Rb 5b IR + (I – I1) R + (I – I1)R – V = 0

  R eq
2 2  IR + IR – I1R + IR – I1R = V
7R  3IR – 2I1R = V
Req =
et

5  3IR – 2(– I)R = V

3b 5b V
Entering current, (a + b) = b I  5IR = V  I =
2 2 5R
rg

b I
Current in common side, (a – b) =  . 23. (A)
2 5
Using Shortcut 4,
20. (C) Branch current =
Ta

 Resistance of opposite branch 

2V Main current   
I1  Total resistance 
A B
 20 
I1  
I 1 + I2  i  1   3  = 0.1 A
I2 20
  60 
4V 4  3 
2V
60 
D I2 C (Branch current) I
2
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to ABCA,
1A 15  5 
2  4I1  4(I1 + I2) = 0 ….(i) 10 
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to ADCA,
2  2I2  4(I1 + I2) = 0 ….(ii) 20/3 

7
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

9.3 Wheatstone Bridge 5. (C)
1. (B)
P R R
R1 12  8  R2
R R R R 2R/3 2R/3
A 16  B
A R B A R B
R4 48  32  R3 
Q R R R 2R/3 2R/3
R
12  P 8
R R
A B

ns
As the bridge is balanced, using Shortcut 1
48  Q 32  2R
Req =
3
 RAB = (12 + 8) | | (48 + 32)

io
1 1 1 1 80  20 1 6. (C)
   = 
R AB 20 80 16 1600 16 Let S be shunted with resistance X.
 RAB = 16  At balanced condition,

at
P P 2 2 3X
2. (A)     2
Q SX 2 3 X 3 X
Four resistances forming a Wheatstone’s S X 3 X
network are 8 , 12 , 6  and 27 . After
shunting the 27  resistance with say, S, the
lic 3X = 6 + 2X  X = 6 
balance condition will be, 7. (C)
8 6 1 3  27  S 
=  = The resistances in four arms of a Wheatstone’s
12  27S  3 27S bridge are, 10 , 10 , 10  and 20 .
ub
 
 27  S  Let S be the resistance to be connected across
 27 S = 243 + 9 S  S = 13.5  20 .
3. (B)  Balance condition is,
P

Given circuit is a balanced Wheatstone bridge 10 10

circuit. Hence it can be redrawn as follows: 
10  20S 
12   
 20  S 
4 8 12 
et

 20 S = 10 (20 + S)
a b a  10 S = 200  S = 20 
b
8. (B)
rg

2 4 6 This is a balanced Wheatstone’s bridge circuit.

6 Hence potentials at B and D will be same and no
12  6 current flows through the resistance 4R.
 RAB = =4
Ta

(12  6)
9. (D)
4. (C) As, the bridge is balanced, no current will flow
R AB R through the branch BD.
As the bridge is balanced, = AD
R BC R DC B
15  6 15  (6 || 6) 4 4
 =
(X || 8)  3 4  (4 || 4)
A 16  C
21 18
 =
 8X  42 4
 3 4
8X
D
 168 + 21 X = 33X + 72
Hence, according to Shortcut 1,
 12X = 96  X = 96 = 8 
12 RAC = 4 

8
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

10. (D) 15. (A)
The bridge is balanced. Initially, when the bridge is balanced against
The balance condition after replacing 10  lengths l1 and l2, the circuit can be redrawn as
follows,
resistor by 20  resistor will remain the same. P Q
4  28 4  28 7
 Req. = 4 || 28  = = = 
4  28 32 2 G
V 12  2 l1
 I= = = 3.4 A l2
R eq. 7
11. (A)
P Q
Wheatstone’s network is balanced as  E
R S

ns
When galvanometer and cells are interchanged,
 No current flows through galvanometer. the balance condition remains unchanged.
25  50
 Reff. =
25  50 P Q

io
25  50 50
= =  E G
75 3
V 6

at
 I=   0.36A l1 l2
R 50 / 3

12. (D) 16. (C)

lic
The given circuit is a balanced Wheatstone’s
bridge circuit. Hence potential difference
As current through G is zero, it balances
Wheatstone’s bridge.
between A and B is zero. 6 9
   R = 18 
12 R
ub
13. (B)
As the bridge is balanced, 17. (D)
R AB = R BC Since it’s a balanced Wheatstone’s bridge, the
R AD R CD circuit can be redrawn as
P

44 I 10  2
 = 10 || 5
4  5 || 5
  X 1.4 A
3 
et

8 50 / 15
 =
4  25 / 10
  X (1.4  I) 25  5
3 
rg

8 50 10 4
 =    12 I = 30 (1.4 – I)
4  15 25 3
  X  12 I = 42  30 I  I = 1 A
3 
Ta

4 4 14 18. (D)
 +X=6X=6– = 
3 3 3 The equivalent circuits are as shown below
C C C
14. (A)
2 2
For the balance condition,
P
=
R
where X is the resistance with which A
A B A B
Q S || X
2 2
S is shunted,
D B D D
3 4
 =
3  6 X  The circuit is a balanced Wheatstone’s bridge.
 
 6 X  Hence effective resistance between A and B
 6X = 24 + 4X  X = 12  = 4  || 4  = 2 

9
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

19. (B) 21. (B)
The given network is a balanced Wheatstone R1 2
bridge. Its equivalent resistance will be 1st case: = .…(i)
X 3
18 3
R=  R2
5 2nd case: = .…(ii)
X 2
V V 5V Adding equations (i) and (ii),
 i=  
R 18 / 5 18 R1 R 2 2 3
+ = +
20. (A) X X 3 2
10  R1  R 2 13
P S =
X 6
10  10  10  Let l be the distance of null point from left.

ns
10  AB l 13
Q =
100  l 6
 6 l = 1300 – 13 l
10 
1300
 19 l = 1300  l =

io
= 68.4 cm from left.
19
This network can be redrawn in the bridge form
as, S 22. (B)

at
5 R
Initially, = ….(i)
10  l1 100  l1
10  10 
5 R/2
Finally, = ….(ii)
A
P
lic B
1.6 l1 100  1.6 l1 
R R
 =
1.6 100  l1  2 100  1.6 l1 
10  10 
10 
 160  1.6 l1 = 200  3.2 l1
ub
 1.6 l1 = 40
Q  l1 = 25
AS AQ From equation (i),
In this case,  . Hence, bridge is
P

SB QB 5 R
  R = 15 
balanced and no current will flow through the 25 75
SPQ branch and thus, is neglected. 23. (B)
et

This modifies the circuit into,

S Let X be the smaller resistance in the metre
bridge lX = 20 cm
10   lR = 100  20 = 80 cm
10 
rg

As the bridge is balanced,

A B
lX
= X
lR R
Ta

10  10  20 X
 =
80 R
X
Q  = 1
 R 4
 R = 4X ....(i)
20  in series
10  S 10  From second condition,
X  15 40

A B R 100  40
10  10  X  15 40
 
Q 20  in series R 60
X  15 2
1  
RAB = [20  || 20 ] =    = 10 
1 1 R 3
 20 20   2R = 3X + 45

10
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

3X  45  200 l = 110  100
 R= ....(ii)
2  l = 55 cm
Equating (i) and (ii) we get, Substituting in equation (i), we get,
3X  45
= 4X R1 55 11 ....(iii)
2  
R 2 45 9
 8X = 3X + 45
 5X = 45  X = 9  When R1 and R2 are connected in series,
R1 + R2 = 1000  . ....(iv)
24. (A)
On solving equations (iii) and (iv), we get,
For meterbridge,
R1 = 550  and R2 = 450 
 lx 
X = R 
 lR  27. (C)

ns
For first case, the balancing condition is
 lX  since null point is obtained  10  R1 50
=10   ….   
 lR   at the middle point of wire,lX  lR  R2 50
= 10   R2 = 10 + R1.

io
For second case, the balancing condition is
25. (C)
R1 40
Initially, 
R 2 60

at
R 1 l1 60 3
   ….(i) R1 2
R 2 l2 40 2   R1 = 20 
10  R1 3
When, wire is stretched by 20 % i.e., becomes
lic
1.2 L 28. (A)
Using Shortcut 3, R1 l1 l1
In balancing condition,  
Resistance will increase to 1.44R2 R 2 l2 100  l1
Hence, after stretching wire, X 20 1
  
ub
....(i)
R 1 l Y 80 4

R 2 100  l 4X l
and  ....(ii)
But R1 = R and R2 = 1.44 R2 Y 100  l
4 l
P

R1 l  
 = 4 100  l
1.44 R 2 100  l
 l = 50 cm
From (i),
et

3 l 29. (A)

1.44  2 100  l Balancing length is independent of the area of
 300  3l = 2.88 l cross-section of the wire.
rg

300 30. (C)

 l=  51 cm
5.88 lP P 1
   3P = Q
lQ Q 3
26. (A)
Ta

Let balancing length be l ,  3P  Q = 0 ....(i)

P  40 3
R1 = l 
 ....(i) Q  40 5
R2 100 l
 5P + 200 = 3Q + 120
If R1 and R2 are interchanged balancing length  5P  3Q = 80 ....(ii)
becomes, ( l  10) Solving equations (i) and (ii) we have,
 R2 = l 10 = l 10 ....(ii) P = 20 , Q = 60 
R1 100  (l 10)  110  l 9.4 Potentiometer
From equations (i) and (ii),
1. (C)
l = 110  l
100 l l 10 G is a sensitive galvanometer and to protect it
from damage due to heavy currents, some
 l 2  10 l = (110  100) + ( l 2  210 l ) resistance R is introduced.

11
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

2. (A) 10. (A)
V e
= 10 V/m I=
L (R  R h  r)
 V = 10  L = 10  25  10–2 = 2.5 V V 2 5
 = 
L (15  5  0) 1
3. (D)
I
 K = 0.5 V/m = 0.005 V/cm
Potential gradient = 11. (C)
A
102  103  109  102 E 4 1
= I= = = A
102  104 Rr 30  30 15
10 2 1
= 6  V=IR=  30 = 2 V
10 15

ns
= 108 V/m 2 1
K= = V/m
10 5
4. (C)
12. (C)
I 0.1  107
Potential gradient  = = 10–2 V/m

io
e R
A 106 K=
(R  R h  r) L
5. (A) 103 2 3
 = 

at
E 2 10 2
(3  R h  0) 1
I=   0.2A
R  r 8 2  Rh = 57 
 V = IR = 0.2  8 = 1.6 V
13. (A)
V 1.6
 Potential gradient = 
L 4
= 0.4 V/m
lic P.D. across the wire
= Potential gradient  length
6. (A) V0 = 1mV/cm × 400 cm = 0.4 V
E 2 2 0.4
ub
I=   A Current in the wire, I = = 0.05 A
R  r 990  10 1000 8
2 V  V0 2  0.4
 V = IR = 10 R= = = 32 
1000 I 0.05
V 2 1 14. (A)
P

 Potential gradient =   = 0.01 V/m

L 100 2 e R
K= .
(R  R h  r) L
7. (B)
0.2  103 R
et

2
E 5 5  = 
I=    0.1A 10
2
(R  490  0) 1
R  r2 40  10 50
 R = 4.9 
8. (C)
rg

15. (B)
Resistance per unit length is 1 /m e
Balancing length = 2.9 m V = I×R = R
(R  R h  r)
Resistance across balancing length = 2.9 
Ta

2
e.m.f. = 1.45 V  103 =  10
(10  R  1)
1.45
Current, I = = 0.5 A  R = 19989 
2.9
16. (C)
9. (D) P.D. across potentiometer wire = 2 V
V E  R AB  V 2
=   Potential gradient = = V/cm
L L  R  R AB  L 100

Now, E =   l
V
V E  R AB 
 E1 = l=   .l L
L L  R  R AB 
2
E1 20 1  E=  75
 = 5= 100
E (20  20).10 4
3
 E : E1 : : 4 : 1 =2 = 1.5 V
4

12
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

17. (C) EA + EB = kl2 = k  440 ….(ii)
(E, r1) (E, r2)
+ – + –
EB + EC = kl3 = k  540 ….(iii)
From eq. (i) and (ii), we get
I V1 EC = 300k
From equations (i) and (iii) we get,
EA = 200k
Substituting value of EA into equation (ii)
R
2E we get,
Current in the circuit: I = EB = 240k
R  r1  r2
Terminal p.d across 1st cell is V1 = E – Ir1  EA : EB : EC = 200k : 240k : 300k
Given: V1 = 0 = 10 : 12 : 15 = 1 : 1.2 : 1.5
 E – Ir1 = 0  EA = 1 V, EB = 1.2 V, EC = 1.5 V

ns
 2E  22. (C)
E–   r1  0
 R  r1  r2  Using,
2Er1 E1  E 2 l1
E= 
E1  E 2 l2

io
R  r1  r2
R + r1 + r2 = 2r1 1.5  1.1 260
 
 R = r1 – r2 1.5  1.1 l2

at
18. (B) 2.6 260 260
   l2 =  0.4 = 40 cm
E1  L1 and E1  L2 0.4 l2 2.6
E1 L1 1.25 30
   = 23. (C)
E 2 L2 E2 40
lic E1
=
l1  l2
=
58  29
=
87
=
3
5
 E2 =  1.67 V E2 l1  l2 58  29 29 1
3
24. (A)
ub
19. (C)
El l   120  1
r = R   1 = 5   1 = 5  = 2.5 
E 75  l1   80  2
 =
1.02 50
25. (C)
P

3
 E=  1.02 = 3  0.51 = 1.53 V  l1 
2 r =  1 R
 l2 
20. (C)
et

r1  3 
E0 =  1 9.5
 2.85 
0.15
l =  9.5 = 0.5 
A
rg

P r 2.85
B
26. (B)
l 
r = R   1 = 10  
75
E  1
Ta

E0  l1   60 
Current in wire AB =
= 10 
r1 + r 15 
 = 2.5 
ir  E  r  60 
Potential gradient (K) = =  0  
L  r1 + r  L
9.5 Galvanometer
E = Kl
 E0  r 1. (A)
 E=   l
 r1 + r  L 60
n= =2
30
21. (A)
G G
Let EA, EB and EC be the e.m.f. of three cells A, Now, S = =
B and C respectively. n 1 2 1
For the given potentiometer, G
 S=  S = G = 12 
EA + EB + EC = kl1 = k  740 ….(i) 1

13
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

2. (B) 9. (C)
4 250mV
Ig = I For full scale deflection, Ig = ampere
100 G
Ig G Value of shunt required for converting it into
Using, S = we get,
I  Ig ammeter of range 250 milliampere is,
G
 4I  S=
S I    I 
S(I  Ig )
 
100 
 G =   1
Ig  4I   Ig 
 
 100  Ig G 250 mV
96IS  S=  1
= = 24 S = 24  5 = 120  I  Ig 250 mA
4I

ns
10. (A)
3. (B)
IG S 2.5 2.5 25 1
 G   8  8 = = = = =
Is =  I=   1= = 0.8 A I SG 2.5  25 27.5 275 11
S  G  2  8 10

io
11. (D)
4. (B)
Ig = 5.4  106 A,
Potential drop across galvanometer
Ig S
= Potential drop across the shunt =

at
i.e., IgG = (I  Ig) S I SG
Ig SG  6  1  30 
S = G  I = Ig   = 5.4  10   
I  Ig  S   1 

For Ig =
I
lic = 5.4  106  31 = 1.67  104 A
10 12. (A)
I / 10 G
S= G Ig G 5  10 3  10 2 0.5
 I  I / 10  9 S=  =
ub
I  Ig 1  5  10 3
1  5 103
5. (B) 5 5
= = 
Ig 1 S 10  0.05 9.95
= =
I 34 S  3663
P

13. (C)
3663
 S= = 111  Ig = 10  106 A
33
Ig
6. (B) Using, S = G
et

I  Ig
IgG 5  10 3  99
S=  =1 10  106  1000
I  Ig (0.5  5  10 3 ) =  102 
1  10  106
rg

7. (A) = 0.01 
15  103  5
Ig G  S = 0.01  is parallel
S= = = 0.0505 
I  I g 1.5  15  103
14. (D)
Ta

8. (A) G
With ideal ammeter, V = IR To convert an ammeter to range nI, S 
n 1
6 Here, I = 1 mA = 103 A
R= =2
3 3A nI = 10 A
R
A  n = 104
100 
 S = 102 = 0.01 
104

V
15. (B)
6V (Reff = 30 || 30 = 15  = G)
Ig G I g (15)
but the ammeter has resistance of its own hence,  S= = = 15  ....( I = 2Ig)
external resistance has to be less than 2 . I  Ig 2I g  I g

14
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

16. (D) 20
 3960 = G
Fraction of current
passing through the 5  103
Ig S  G = 4000  3960 = 40 
galvanometer is =
I SG 22. (A)
10 10 1
= = = V 3
10  90 100 10 Ig = = = 15 mA
R 200
Fraction of current passing through shunt is
In (A), 10 mA < 15 mA  I < Ig
Ig I 1 9
=1– g =1– =  I  10 mA
I I 10 10
23. (A)
17. (C)
As the voltmeter has full scale deflection of 6 V
G = 6000  3 = 18000  = 18 k and is graded as 3000 /V, hence total

ns
V 3 1 resistance of voltmeter is G = 6  3000 
Using, Ig = = =  103 A,
G 18 103
6  G = 18000 
V The full scale deflection current of voltmeter is
 Value of series resistance, R = G
Ig 6 1
 Ig = = A

io
12 18000 3000
=  18  10 3
The resistance in series that must be connected
1 3 
  10  for 12 V full scale deflection is
 6 

at
V 12
= (72  103)  (18  103) RS = G =  18000
Ig 1
= 54  103 = 5.4  104 
3000
18. (B)  RS = 36000  18000 = 18000 
V = Ig ( G + R)
lic 24. (B)
V 3
i.e., Ig = = A voltmeter always has high resistance as R is in
 G  R  50  2950 series.
ub
3 1 To increase the range of ammeter i.e., to
= = = 10–3 A
3000 1000 increase I, its resistance must decrease.
Now, 30 divisions represent 10–3 A  High range  low resistance.
Let 20 divisions represent I A 25. (A)
P

2
 I =  10–3 A
3
V 3 50  G R
Also, I = =
 R eq  r  3000  r
et

10 mA
2 3
  10–3 =
3 3000  r V
V = Ig (G + R)
rg

 r = 1500 
 100 = 10  10–3  (50 + R)
19. (A)  50 + R = 10000
For the actual measurement of potential  R = 9950 
Ta

difference, it is necessary that the current

between two points of the conductor should 26. (C)
remain the same after putting the measuring V
R= G
device across two points. This is the case when Ig
resistance of device is very high (i.e., infinite).
3 3  104
R=  50   50
20. (D) 5 104 5
V 10 = 6000  50 = 5950 
X= –G= – 40 = 39960 
Ig 0.25 103 27. (C)
21. (B) Given: Ig = 5  103 A and G = 15 
Let series resistance be R.
Ig = 5  103 A
 V = Ig (R + G)
V
Using, X = G  10 = 5  103 (R + 15)
Ig
 R = 2000  15 = 1985 =1.985  103 .
15
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

28. (A) 50 I
 I1 =
As the galvanometer is to be converted into 51
voltmeter, the resistance should be connected in But P.D across R1 = P.D. across G
series.  I1R1 = IgG
V 20 50 I
R  G =  50 = 3950   IR1  G
Ig 5103 51 51
 G = 50 R1 ….(i)
29. (B)
I Case II:
Ig = 10% of I =
10 I R2
G 90 G
 S= = = 10  in parallel
(n  1) (10  1)

ns
30. (A)

I V
G

io
S V = VG + V2
V
V= + V2
11

at
S 10
 V2 = V
11
 GS 
Now, G =    S VG V2
 G S But I = 

 G
GS
 S
lic R2
G R2

G S  G= ….(ii)
10
G2
 S = From equation (i) and (ii),
G S
ub
R2
= 500
31. (A) R1
SG S  500
Reff. =  25 = 34. (B)
SG S  500
P

10 div = 1 mA and 2 div = 1 mV

500
 500 S = 25 S + 12500  S =   150 div = 15 mA and 150 div = 75 mV
19
V 75
32. (C)  Ro = G = = =5
et

I 15
GS S I
Resistance of shunted ammeter =  = g
G S SG I
I G S 15  103 5  103
rg

Also, =1+  = =
Ig S S5 6 2
GS I .G 0.05 120  2S = 5  10–3 S + 25  10–3
 = g = = 0.6 
G S I 10  S ≈ 0.0125 
Ta

33. (D) 35. (A)

Case I: Assume voltmeter and ammeters to be ideal. As,
Ig ideal voltmeter provides infinite resistance, the
G
I current through the branch containing voltmeter
will be zero. Hence, connecting a 10 Ω resistor
I1 R1 in series with voltmeter as shown in circuit 2
will not change the readings of the voltmeter as
well as ammeter.
V 36. (D)
I = Ig + I1 Voltmeter is connected in series in the circuit
I hence there is no Potential difference across
I= + I1
51 voltmeter.

16
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

37. (D) Ig
50 
 I g = = 1 mA
2
G
V 50 
but, Ig = G
Ig R
8 Ig
=
R s  50
8V 3950 
= 1 mA Rs
the current in the circuit for which galvanometer 8V
8
shows full scale deflection of 30 divisions is  = 103
R s  50
V 8
Ig = = = 2 mA  Rs + 50 = 8  103
R 3950  50
For deflection to become 15 divisions, the  Rs = 7950 

ns
current through galvanometer must be halved.

Concept Fusion

io
1. (B) R1 R 3
i.e.,  ….(ii)
R left gap R2 R4
= l
R right gap 100 l  From equations (i) and (ii), we can say that null

at
Resistance increases with the increase in point is not disturbed when galvanometer and
temperature. Hence, the new balancing length cell are interchanged.
will be greater than l.
3. (D)
2. (D) B
lic A
R1 R3

A C
ub
G 230 V (100V, 500 W)
R2 R4
D
B
P

+ – R I
E
Figure (a) Power P = IV
et

In the Wheatstone bridge shown in figure (a), P 500

 I= = = 5A
null point is obtained when, V 100
R1 R 3 By Kirchhoff’s law,
 ….(i)
rg

R2 R4 230 V = IR + VAB
When the positions of galvanometer and cell (E) are  230 V = IR + 100 V
interchanged, we get circuit shown in figure (b).
 IR = 130 V
B
Ta

130
R1 R3
 R=  = 26 
B 5

A C R1 R3 4. (C)
A Equivalent circuit is given by
R2 R4  G C
Equivalent 100  400 
D R2 R4
circuit
G D
Figure (b) 200  300 

From figure (b), null point is obtained when,

R1 R 2
 6V
R3 R 4

17
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

Capacitors behave as infinite resistance in Current in series connection of voltmeter
steady state remains constant.
Voltage  I2 = 5  103 A, R2 = 32  103 ,
Isteady =
Resistance V2 = I2R2 = 5  103  32  103 = 160 V
=
6  Line voltage = V1 + V2 = 80 + 160 = 240 V
(200  400)
9. (C)
6 1
= = A = 10 mA Since in a given loop the current coming out
600 100
from the positive terminal is equal to the current
5. (B) entering the negative terminal, the current in the
3 respective loop will remain confined to the loop.
I=  0.5103 A
6 103  current through 2  resistor is zero.

ns
VAD = IR
10. (B)
= 0.5  10–3  3  103
= 1.5 V The circuit for the dashed lines can be drawn as,
Here, capacitors 1 F and 2 F are in series. 1 1 1 1 1
A B

io
2
 Ceq= F
3
Q = CeqVAD  Req = 5  1 = 5 
2  1.5 The circuit obtained by adding dashed lines can

at
= be drawn as,
3 1
= 1 C
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law from B to C 1 1 1 1 1
via D,
lic
6
A B
1  10
VB  0.5  103  2  103 + = VC
2  10 6 1
1
ub
VB – VC = 1  = 0.5 V
2 Considering Wheatstone’s network, Req for this
6. (A) combination after simplifying the circuit,
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to loop Req = 3 
containing VCC, RL and Transistor -
P

 Difference in the final and initial values of Req is

+ VCC  ICRL  VCE = 0
2 .
 VCC = VCE + ICRL
Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to loop 11. (C)
et

containing VBB, RB and Transistor- iAD = iDB + iDC

+ VBB  IBRB  VBE = 0  VBB = VBE + IBRB Let potential at D be V
7. (D) (7  V) (V  0) (V  1)
 
rg

With increase in temperature, the value of 10 20 30

unknown resistance will increase. On solving the above equation, we get VD  4 V
For balanced Wheatstone bridge condition, Hence option (A) is correct.
R l1
Ta

 Currents through the sections DB and DC are,

X l2 74
= 0.3 A,
l1 10
To take null point at same point or to remain
l2 4
= 0.2 A,
R 20
unchanged, should also remain unchanged.
X 4 1
= 0.1 A
Therefore, if X is increasing R should also 30
increase. Hence option (B) is correct.
8. (D) Power = I2R
V1 = 80 volt,  Total power drawn = (0.3)2  10 + (0.2)2  20
R1 = 200  80 = 16000  = 16 k, + (0.1)2  30
V 80 = 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.3 = 2.00 W
I1 = 1 = = 5  103 A
R1 16000 Hence option (D) is correct.

18
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

MHT-CET Previous Years’ Questions

1. (D) 6. (B)
Ig G F = qE
Shunt S =
I  Ig F F V
 E=  
If the current I becomes less than Ig, the shunt q q L
would have a negative value, which is not FL 2.4  1019  6
possible.  V= = V=9V
q 1.6  1019
2. (A)  e.m.f. of cell = V = 9 V
nr
For maximum current, mR = nr  R = 7. (A)
m

ns
Given, mn = 45 …(i) For balancing the bridge
and m  2.5 = n  0.5 P R

 n = 5m …(ii) Q S
From equations (i) and (ii), we have S1S2

io
5m2 = 45 or m2 = 9  m = 3  S= ….( S1, S2 are in parallel)
S1  S2
 n = 15
P R  S1  S2 
3. (A)  =

at
Q S1S2
Given: E = 2 V, r = 0.1 , R = 3.9 
We know, 8. (D)
V = E  Ir V
 G we get,
Where, r is internal resistance.
lic Using, Rs =
Ig
E  E 
And current I = V=E  r for 1st case, 50 =
V
G ….(i) and
R +r  R +r  Ig
ub
R = 3.9  2V
for 2nd case, 500 = G ….(ii)
Ig

r = 0.1  By subtracting equation (i) from (ii) we get,

( ) V
P

= 450 
E Ig
Substituting the given values, we get Substituting this value in equation (i),
 G = 450 – 50 = 400 
et

 2 
V=2    0.1 = 1.95 V 9. (B)
 3.9  0.1 
X lx

rg

4. (C) R lR
V 20 lx
Using, Rs =  G we get, 
Ig 30 lR
Ta

V lx 40
for 1st case, 100 = R ….(i) and  
Ig lR 60
2V as for metrebridge, lx + lR = 100 cm
for 2nd case, 1000 = R ….(ii)
Ig  lx = 40 cm
By subtracting equation (i) from (ii) we get, After reducing resistance,
V X lx
= 900 
Ig R 100  lx
 R = 900  10 lx
 
30 100  lx
5. (B)
For maximum power transfer to happen, r = R.  lx = 25 cm
2 2
V E The distance through which balance point is
P= = (∵ R = r)
R 2r shifted lx  lx = 40 – 25 = 15 cm to the left
19
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

10. (D) Resistance of bridge wire RW = 0.1 /cm = 10 
EMF of cell, X =4 R =6
E = kl
E
E =  l
l G
E 2 3
E=  2.5 ….(i) RW = 10 
10
After increasing the length by 1 m, ()
E E = 5V K
E= x
11 Equivalent resistance,
Substituting for E from equation (i) Req = (X + R) || RW = (10 ) || (10 )
E E Req = 5 

ns
 2.5 =  x
10 11 Current drawn from the battery is,
2.5  11 E 5
 x= = 2.75 m I= =
10 Req 5

io
11. (A)  I=1A
Assuming the null point to be at L cm for a cell 14. (A)
of emf E for a potentiometer of length x.
l P

at
V A B
 E = L  .…(i)
x L
After the length is increased from x to x,
V
 E = L   .…(ii)
lic 
 x  + ()
From equations (i) and (ii), K
E
x L For a potentiometer wire AB of length L,
ub
=
x L V 
If the length of the potentiometer wire is VAP =  AB  l
 L 
increased, correspondingly the balancing length
also increases. VAP l
=
P

 VAB L
12. (C)
 VAP 
The ratio   would remain constant if the
 VAB 
et

length of the wire is increased.

 Ll
Hence balancing length ‘l’ will increase if
rg

1970  length of potentiometer wire is increased.

2V
15. (B)
V 2 2
I= = = = 1 mA Let lX be balancing length obtained in front of
 R + r  1970 + 30 2000
Ta

smaller resistance.
 for 10 divisions of deflection, I = 0.5 mA  lX = 40 cm, lR = 60 cm
2 When the bridge is balanced,
 0.5  103 = 
R + r X lX 40 2
   ….(i)
2 R lR 60 3
 R + r = when 30  is connected in series with X,
0.5 × 103
 3
R = (4  10 ) – 30 effective resistance becomes (X + 30) 
 R = 3970  Also, length shifts by 20 cm
lX + 30 = 40 + 20 = 60 cm
13. (A) X  30 60 3
l1 2   
Unknown resistance, X = R =6 R 40 2
l2 3 2(X  30)
R= ….(ii)
 X=4 3

20
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

From equations (i) and (ii),  3I1 = 4I2
2
X
=  I2 = 3 I1
(X  30) 3 4
2
3 According to Kirchhoff’s current law,
3X 2 I1 + I2 = 2.1
 
2(X  30) 3
I1 + 3 I1 = 2.1
 5X = 120 4
 X = 24  7
I1 = 2.1
4
16. (B)
l I1 = 2.1  4 = 1.2 A
R= 7
A

ns
R  40 108 19. (C)
   = 5  10–2 /m 3
l A 8  106 + –
A B
Potential gradient is given by, 2 V, 1 
V IR 0.1 A 0.1 A
 = 0.2  5  10–2 = 10–2 V/m

io
l l
+ –
17. (D) D C
E, 1  5

at
IG S

I SG Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law in loop
1 3 ABCDA,

4 3G –2 – 0.1(1) – 0.1 (3) – 0.1 (5) – 0.1 (1) + E = 0
 3 + G = 12
lic  –2 – 1 + E = 0
 G=9  E=3V
If additional shunt of 2  is connected then total 20. (D) 21. (A)
shunt resistance becomes,
ub
1 1 1 22. (D)
 
S 2 3
23 6
23. (A)
 S =   = 1.2  The balanced Wheatstone bridge condition
23 5
P

depends upon resistances only.

I S 1.2 1.2 1
Now, G    
I S  G 1.2  9 10.2 8.5 24. (B)
We know,
et

18. (C) (E  V)
No current flows through the 6  resistor as the r= R
V
Wheatstone network is balanced. 9
B Given: V = E;
rg

10
15  3  9  E
I1  E ER R
R
A C  r=  10 
= 10 =
9 9
Ta

I = 2.1 A
I2 E E 9
10 10
20  4
25. (C)
D
In parallel combination voltage remains same. 26. (A)
When R is increased, the current I will decrease,
15  3 
consequently the potential gradient will
I1 increase. Thus, a bigger length will be required
for a null point. When S is decreased, the
I = 2.1 A I2 I
current drawn from E1 increases.
20  4
 V = E1 – Ir, i.e., the potential difference across
E1 will decrease. This potential difference will
 I1 × (15 + 3) = I2 × (20 + 4) be balanced by a smaller length of the
I1 × 18 = I2 × 24 potentiometer wire.

21
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

27. (A) IgG
Ig
Case2 : S2 = …(ii)
1 4I  Ig
Given: = ,S=4
I 5 Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i)
We know,
S2 3I  Ig
Ig S  =
= S1 4I  Ig
I S+G


1 4 32. (A)
=
5 4+G Shunt resistance is given as,
 4 + G = 20 Ig G
S=
 G = 20  4 = 16  I  Ig
The effective value after shunting the Ig G
galvanometer with 2  is 1st Case : 3r = …(i)

ns
0.04  Ig
24 8 4
S    
24 6 3 Ig G
2nd Case : r = …(ii)
4 0.08  Ig
Ig S 4 1

io
 =    3 Dividing equation (i) by equation (ii)
I S + G 4 16 52 13 0.08  Ig
3 3=  0.12 – 3Ig = 0.08  Ig
0.04  Ig

at
28. (B)  Ig = 0.02 A
E0
Current through the circuit, I =
r + r1 33. (B)
Potential difference across the wire, X l

V = IR =
E 0r
lic R
= 1
l2
r + r1 X 10
∴ = ….(i)
E 0r R 30
 Potential gradient =
(r + r1 )L It means that the balance point is at 25 cm.
ub
If balancing length for the cell is l, then After interchanging the resistances,
E0r l R l
E= . =
(r + r1 ) L X 100  l
X 100  l
P

29. (B) ∴ = ….(ii)

We know, R l
IG.G = IX.X 10 100  l
∴ = ….[From (i)]
As the deflection is reduced to half, it indicates 30 l
et

that the total current gets divided between the l = (300 – 3l)
galvanometer and the shunt equally. ∴ 4l = 300
 IG = IX ∴ l = 75 cm
rg

⇒G=X ∴ Balance point shifted from 25 cm to 75 cm

which means balance point shifted by 50 cm.
30. (B)
Given I1 = 0.4 A, I4 = 1 A, I5 = 0.4 A 34. (B)
Ta

Using Kirchhoff’s Current Law, V

X= G
I1 + I2 = I4 Ig
 I2 = I4  I1 = 1  (0.4) = 1.4
….  Ig 
V vg 
= G 
I5 = I3 + I4 Vg / G  G
 I3 = I5  I4 = 0.4 1 =  0.6 A V 
V
I6 = I1 + I2 + I3 = 0.4 A + 1.4  0.6 = 0.4 A =G G = G   1

Vg  Vg 
31. (B) 35. (B)
Shunt resistance is given as,
Ig G 36. (D)
S= From Figure,
I  Ig
RAB = 7 + 17 = 24 , RAD = 15 + 6 = 21 
Ig G
Case 1: S1 = …(i) 8x
3I  Ig RBC = 4 + , RDC = 4 + 3 = 7 
8+x

22
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

Using the balanced condition of a Wheatstone Thinking Hatke - Q.39
bridge, we get
R AB R As, value for balancing lengths are different in all
= BC the options. It is sufficient to calculate balancing
R AD R DC length in any one case (Assisting/ opposing) to
8x reach the final correct answer.
4+
24 8+ x
 =
21 7 40. (D)
7 × 24 8x
 = 4+ 1
21 8+ x Given: Ig = I
100
8x
 4= 
I
 100 ….(i)
8+ x Ig
2x

ns
 1= G Ig G
8+ x S=  ….(ii)
I  Ig I
 8 + x = 2x 1
Ig
 x=8
Substituting, (i) into (ii),

io
37. (D) G G
S= 
The current to keep unchanged, the resistance in 100  1 99
the circuit after connecting S  in parallel and

at
41. (D)
R  in series should remain the same.
Internal resistance,
GS
i.e., G = R E 
SG r =   1 R

 R=G–
GS
=
G2
lic V 

SG SG  3 
=   1150
 2.5 
38. (C) = 30 Ω
ub
l = 300 cm = 3 m
Total resistance of wire, 42. (D)
0.8 A 1.6 A I
R=32=6Ω
Since, the potentiometer is balanced. 3A
P

Voltage across wire segment = 1.5 V A

4A
 IR = 1.5 V 1.2 A 2.4 A
1.5

et

I= = 250 mA
6
Applying Kirchhoff’s junction law at point A,
39. (A) –I  2.4 + 1.6 + 1.2 – 0.8 + 3 + 4 = 0
ER ∴ –I + 6.6 = 0
rg

K=
R  rL ∴ I = 6.6 A
E = 5 V, r = 4 Ω, L = 5 m, R = 16 Ω 43. (A)
5  16
Ta

 K= Ig S  0.1 G ….(∵ S = 10 G)
16  4   5 = 
I S  G  0.1 G  G 100
 K = 0.8 V/m
0.1
When ‘E1’ and ‘E2’ are connected so as to assist =
each other 1.1
E1 + E2 = Kl1 1
 Ig = I
1.3 + 1.1 = 0.8  l1 11
 l1 = 3 m 44. (B)
When ‘E1’ and ‘E2’ are connected so as to R1 X
oppose each other, For null condition, 
R 2 100  X
E1 – E2 = Kl2
This condition is independent of the cross-
1.3 – 1.1 = 0.8  l2 sectional area of the wire used.
 l2 = 0.25 m  The null point will remain the same.
23
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

45. (B) 46. (D)
V Using Kirchhoff’s Current Law,
R = G
Ig Current flowing in = Current flowing out
50
 10 + 2.5 + 5 = 6 + x
Here, Ig =  1 mA = 10 mA  x = 17.5 – 6
5
= 11.5 A
25
 R=  20  Magnitude and direction of the current in ‘OP’
10 103 should be 11.5 A from O to P.
= 2480 Ω in series

Evaluation Test

ns
1. (C) 5. (C)
As I is independent of R6, no current flows Applying Kirchhoff’s junction rule to point A,
through R6. This implies that the junction of R1 (see figure)
and R2 is at the same potential as the junction of  I1 – I2 – I3 = 0

io
R3 and R4. This must satisfy the condition  I1 + I2 + I3 = 0 .…(i)
R1 R 3 If VA is the potential at A, by applying Ohm’s
 , as in the Wheatstone’s bridge.
R2 R4 law to R1, R2 and R3 then we get,

at
VA – V1 = I1 R1,
2. (D) VA – V2 = I2 R2 and X
E e R VA – V3 = I3 R3 I1
= VA  V1
l (R  R h  r) L 
5 5
lic I1 =
R1
, R1
 0.4 =  l VA  V2 A
(5  45  0) 10 I2 = , R3
R2 R2
 l=8m I2 I3
V V
ub
I3 = A 3 Z
R3 Y
3. (A)
Substituting for I1, I2 and I3 in equation (i) we
The given circuit is a balanced Wheatstone’s get,
network as shown in figure (ii). Hence, points Q
 1 1   V1 V2 V3 
P

1
and S are at the same potential VA         0
R
 1 R R 3  R1 R 2 R 3 
 VQ – VS = 0 V 2
1
Q V V V   1 1 1 
 VA =  1  2  3     
et

4 12  R
 1 R 2 R R
3  1 R 2 R 3

P, T R
G 6. (A)
This is a balanced Wheatstone bridge. Hence no
rg

8 24 
current will flow from the diagonal resistance 10 .
S
 Equivalent resistance =
10  10   10  10 
+  10  10   10  10 
Ta

6V = 10 
Figure (ii) 7. (B)
P R
4. (C) For balanced Wheatstone bridge, 
Q S
110
I= ….(i) 12 x6
20  103  R X   x=6
1 / 2 1 / 2
Now, V = IR
 110  3 8. (C)
 5=    20  10 ….[From (i)]
 20  10  R X 
3
X 2
=
 5
10 + 5RX = 22  10 5 100  X 3
10 5  3X = 200 – 2X
 RX = 21  = 420 k  5X = 200  X = 40 cm
5

24
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

9. (A) 14. (D)
Current drawn when resistors are in series, G 50
E E S = 12  = ,n= =5
Is = I =  ....(i) n 1 10
nR  R (n  1)R G G G
Current drawn when resistors are in parallel,  S= = =
n 1 5 1 4
Ip = 10 I = E ....(ii)  G = 4 S = 4  12 = 48 
R
R
n 15. (A)
Substituting for I using equation (i) in equation (ii), RP 2
10E E 1st case: 
 RQ 3
 n  1 R 1  1  R
  2
 n RP = RQ ....(i)

ns
3
n + 1 = 10 1 
1
 2nd case: Resistance, instead of RQ is
 n  10R Q
10 RQ||10 = = R
 n– =9 10  R Q

io
n
 n2 – 9n – 10 = 0 Now, R P R =1
 n2 – 10n + n – 10 = 0 RP = R


at
n (n – 10) + 1 (n – 10) = 0  RP =
10R Q
....(ii)
 (n + 1) (n – 10) = 0 10  R Q
Neglecting negative value of n,
From equations (i) and (ii),
n = 10
10. (C)
lic 2
3
RQ =
10R Q
10  R Q
Metrebridge is balanced,
1 5
R AC 20  =
 = = 3 10  R Q
ub
80 BC 80
 R = 20   10 + RQ = 15
11. (D)  RQ = 5  and RP = 10/3 
RAB = 2  10 = 20  16. (D)
P

 I=
3
=
3
=
1 I = 40 mA = 40  103 A
10  20 30 10 E
Using, I =
1 R net  r
 V = I RAB =  20 = 2 V
et

10 3
V 2 40  103 =
 = = 0.2 V/m 100R V
22
L 10 100  R V
rg

12. (C) 100 R V 3

4+   75
 S  100  R V 0.04
Ig =  I
SG   RV  245 
Ta

10  S  17. (B)
I =  I
100 SG  i2 4
1  10  i1
 = 
10  10  G 
 10 + G = 100 4 6
 G = 90  i i1
13. (A) 4V 2V
l l 
r =  1 2 R Potential difference across upper 4  resistance
 l2 
is zero
 25   current is zero  i2 = 0
 R=   2 = 0.5 
 100  Other two resistors are in series combination.
25
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

Hence current is same. Given that, V1 = 0
42  E=
2 E r1
= = 0.2 A r1  r2  X
46
 i = i1 = 0.2 A, i2 = 0  X + r1 + r2 = 2r1 or X = r1  r2
18. (A) 23. (D)
The current through the galvanometer R
3
= = 10–3 A x y
2950  50
x y
 To reduce the deflection from 30 divisions to 20
divisions, the current required
20 2 V
=  10–3 =  10–3 A Figure (i)

ns
30 3 V
3 2 Figure (ii)
 The required resistance, R = =  10–3 Equivalent resistance decreases. Hence current
R  50 3
will increase. As a result, ammeter reading will
33

io
 R + 50 =  103 increase.
2  Vx + Vy = V
 R + 50 = 4.5  103 Due to the change, Vx increases
 R = 4500 – 50 = 4450   voltmeter reading will decrease.

at
19. (C) 24. (C)
S 4.3 V 10 
Ig = .I
SG
S
lic
 2= 5 50 2
S  12
A
 S = 8  in parallel
ub
s
20. (B) V
Ig
200 
S 4
= =
I SG 40
52  200
Req = 10 +
P

Ig
  100 = 10 % 252
I 2520  10400
=
21. (B) 252
et

V = 51.269 
X= –G
Ig 4.3
 I= = 0.08 A
51.269
V

rg

0= – 100
3  103 25. (C)
 –3
V = 100  3  10 = 0.3 V 1.5 V = k.l1 = k(76.3) ….(i)
E – ir = i(9.5 ) = kl2
22. (B)
Ta

E 1.5
 i= 
E r1 E r2 9.5  r 9.5  r
(1.5)
(9.5)  kl2 ….(ii)
I 9.5  r
I
Dividing (ii) by (i), we get,
X 9.5 l 64.8 9.5  r 76.3
 2   
9.5  r l1 76.3 9.5 64.8
From the figure,
r  76.3 
I=
EE

2E
….(i)    1
9.5  64.8 
r1  r2  X r1  r2  X
P.D. across first cell, V1 = E  Ir1  76.3 
 r=   1 (9.5)
2E  64.8 
=E  r1
r1  r2  X = 1.7 

26
 

Chapter 9: Current Electricity

26. (B)
2
I=
R  10
2 20
 V = I RAB =  10 =
R  10 R  10
V 20 20
 = =
L (R  10)1 R  10

E1 = l  
V

L

10  10–3 = 0.4 
20 
 
 R  10 

ns
8
 R + 10 = = 800
102
 R = 790 

io
27. (A)
 l  l2 
r= 1   R
 l2 

at
55  50 
 r =    10 = 1 
 50  lic
P ub
et
rg
Ta

27