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The document provides an overview of various graphical representations of data, including histograms, frequency polygons, and ogive graphs, along with their definitions and uses. It includes an example of a frequency distribution table for students' science quiz scores, detailing class midpoints and cumulative frequencies. Additionally, it outlines the steps for calculating less than and greater than cumulative frequencies.

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velascorachel42
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12 views3 pages

graphs (1)

The document provides an overview of various graphical representations of data, including histograms, frequency polygons, and ogive graphs, along with their definitions and uses. It includes an example of a frequency distribution table for students' science quiz scores, detailing class midpoints and cumulative frequencies. Additionally, it outlines the steps for calculating less than and greater than cumulative frequencies.

Uploaded by

velascorachel42
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rachel Ann C.

Velasco November 29, 2024


BSED 2B (Science) Assessment of Learning 1

GRAPHS

Histogram
 A graphical representation of data points organized into user-specified ranges.
 A graphical distribution of data into discrete groups. Although similar in appearances
to a bar graph, a histogram deals with a continuous data.

Frequency Polygon
 A line graph that is constructed by plotting the frequencies at the class marks
connecting the plotted points by means of straight lines and encloses the polygon by
adding an additional class at each end, for which the ends of the line are connected to
the midpoints of the additional classes at the horizontal axis.

Ogive Graph
 Forms a graph of the cumulative frequency distribution
 Are used to exhibits the characteristics of discrete continuous data.
Two types of ogive graph

 A less than ogive is a line graph that represents the cumulative frequency (less
than) distribution.
 A greater than ogive is a line graph that represents the cumulative frequency
(greater than) distribution.

EXAMPLE
Table 1. Shows the frequency distribution of students score in science quiz

Cumulative Cumulative
Class Class
Tally Frequency Frequency (Less Frequency (Greater
Intervals Midpoint
than) than)
172-180 II 2 176 40 2
163-171 IIII 4 167 38 6
154-162 IIII 5 158 34 10
IIII
145-153 12 149 29 22
IIII II
136-144 IIII III 8 140 17 30
127-135 IIII I 6 131 9 36
118-126 III 3 122 3 39
n=40
1. Class Midpoints:
The class midpoint is the average of the lower and upper limits of a class
interval. It represents the middle value of the class.

Formula:
𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 +𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡
𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 2

Steps:
 Identify the lower limit and upper limit of the class interval.
 Add them together.
 Divide the sum by 2.

2. Less Than Cumulative Frequency:


The less than cumulative frequency is the running total of the frequencies from
the first class to the last class, adding each frequency to the previous total.

Steps:

 Start with the first frequency in the first class.


 Add the frequency of the next class to the running total.
 Continue adding for each class until you reach the total frequency.

3. Greater Than Cumulative Frequency:


The greater than cumulative frequency is calculated by subtracting the
cumulative frequency (less than) from the total frequency. It represents the total
number of observations greater than the lower limit of each class.

Steps:
 Find the total frequency (sum of all frequencies).
 Subtract the cumulative (less than) frequency for each class from
the total.
OGIVE GRAPH
y axis

x axis

Figure 1. Shows the greater than and less than ogive of students’ score in science quiz

HISTOGRAM AND FREQUENCY POLYGON


y axis

x axis
113 185

Figure 2. Shows the histogram and frequency polygon of students’ scores in science quiz

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