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unit -5

The document outlines the properties and conditions for Hurwitz polynomials and positive real functions, including necessary criteria for their classification. It details the characteristics of LC, RL, and RC functions, emphasizing the interlacing of poles and zeros, and provides forms for Foster and Cauer networks. Additionally, it specifies procedures for checking positive realness and conditions for pole and zero locations in different network types.

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purushotham1982
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1 views

unit -5

The document outlines the properties and conditions for Hurwitz polynomials and positive real functions, including necessary criteria for their classification. It details the characteristics of LC, RL, and RC functions, emphasizing the interlacing of poles and zeros, and provides forms for Foster and Cauer networks. Additionally, it specifies procedures for checking positive realness and conditions for pole and zero locations in different network types.

Uploaded by

purushotham1982
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-5

1. Write the properties of Hurwitz polynomials (or) necessary and sufficient conditions of
Hurwitz polynomial
All the coefficients in the polynomial are positive. A polynomial may not have any missing terms
Roots of the polynomial have real parts which are zero or negative.
2. State whether the polynomial is Hurwitz? Give reason.
7 6 5 4 3
P ( s )=6 s +2 s + 5 s +10 s +3 s + 4 s+3 Is not Hurwitz. s2 term is missing.
4 3 2
P ( s )=2 s +3 s −s + 7 s−2 1 Is not Hurwitz. The coefficients of s2 and constant terms
are negative.
3. What are the necessary and sufficient for PR functions. (or)
4. Define positive real function. (or)
5. Write the procedure to check the positive realness of functions.
F(S) must have no poles and zeros in the right half of s-plane.
The poles of F(s) on the jω axis must be simple and the residues evaluated at these poles must
be real and positive.
Re F(jω) ≥ 0 for all ω.

6. Write the properties of positive real functions.


If F(s) is positive real then 1/F(s) is also positive real.
The sum of two positive real functions is positive real.
The poles and zeros of a PR function cannot have positive real parts.
Only simple poles with real positive residues can exist on the jω axis.
The poles and zeros of a PR function are real or occur in conjugate pairs.
The highest powers of the numerator and denominator polynomials may differ at most by unity.
The lowest powers of the numerator and denominator polynomials may differ at most by unity.

7. Write the properties of LC, RL and RC functions

Sl. LC FUNCTIONS RC FUNCTIONS RL FUNCTIONS


No.

1 Ratio of even to odd or odd to


even polynomial

2 Poles and zeros are simple and Poles and zeros are simple and lie on LH Poles and zeros are simple and
lie on jω axis of s-plane lie on LH of s-plane

3 Poles and zeros interlaced on Poles and zeros interlaced Poles and zeros interlaced
the jω axis
4 Must be either a zero or pole Lowest critical frequency nearest to Lowest critical frequency is a
at the origin and ∞ origin is a pole zero

5 Difference b/w any two highest critical frequency farthest to highest critical frequency is a
successive powers of nr and dr origin is a zero pole
polynomials is at most two and
no missing terms Residues evaluated at poles are real and Residues evaluated at poles
+ve are real and +ve

6 Highest powers of nr and dr Slope d/dσ(ZRC) is -ve Slope d/dσ(ZRC) is -ve


must differ by unity; lowest
powers too differ by unity. ZRC(∞)<ZRC(0) ZRC(∞)<ZRC(0)

8. State the condition for location of poles and zeros for RC and RL type of network.
Point 2 in the above table

9. Draw the location of poles and zeros for LC type of network


Point 2 in the above table

10. Foster and Cauer forms of LC networks

Foster I form Foster II form

Cauer I form Cauer II form


11. Foster and Cauer forms of RC networks

Foster I form Foster II form

Cauer I form Cauer II form

12. Foster and Cauer forms of RL networks

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