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 Geometry 1st Edition Martin Gay Solutions
Manual
Download full chapter at:
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Chapter 2
Section 2.1 Practice Find the length of each segment in the
quadrilateral using the Distance Formula or
1. a. Use the perimeter formula P = 2l + 2w. the Ruler Postulate.
P = 2 ( 7 ) + 2 (5) JK = −3 −1 = 4
= 14 +10 KL = −3 − 4 = 7
= 24 2 2

The perimeter of the picture is 24 inches. LM = ⎡⎣1− ( −3 )⎤⎦ + ( 4 −1)

b. Find the length and width of the frame. 2 2

Length = 1+ 7 +1 = ( 4) + ( 3)

=9 = 16 + 9
Width = 1+ 5 +1
= 25
=7
=5
Find the perimeter of the outside edge of
the frame. MJ = 1 − ( −3 ) = 4
P = 2 (9) + 2 ( 7) Then add the side lengths to find the
= 18 +14 perimeter.
JK + KL + LM + MJ = 4 + 7 + 5 + 4
= 32
The perimeter of the outside edge of the = 20
frame is 32 inches. The perimeter of quadrilateral JKLM is
20 units.
2. a. Use the formula C = 2πr.
C = 2πr 4. First, convert 3 yd into feet.

3 ft
= 2π ( 24 ) 3 yd ⋅ = 9 ft
1yd

= 48π
The exact circumference is 48π meters. 3.
b. Use the formula C = πd.
C = πd
= π (3)
= 3π
≈ 9.4
The circumference is about 9.4 meters.

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 Then find the area of the poster. 5. a. First, find the radius of the circle.
A = lw d 14
r= = =7
= 9 ⋅8 2 2
The radius of the circle is 7 feet.
= 72
The area of the poster is 72 square feet. You
would need 72 ft2 of paper.

Find the area using the formula A = πr 2 .

A = πr 2
= π (7)
2

= 49π

The exact area in terms of π is 49π

square feet.
b. Use 3.14 for π.
49π = 49 ( 3.14 )
= 153.86
The area using 3.14 for π is 153.86
square feet.

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Chapter
ISM: Geometry
2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

Vocabulary & Readiness Check 2.1 16. C = 2πr

= 2π ( 2.5 )
1. The perimeter of a geometric figure is the
distance around the figure. = 5π in.
≈ 15.7 in.
2. The distance around a circle is called the
circumference. 18. A = lw
3. The exact ratio of circumference to diameter = 7 ⋅1.2
is π. = 8.4 ft 2

4. The diameter of a circle is double its radius. 1

20. A = bh
2
22 1⎛ 1⎞
5. Both and 3.14 are approximations
= 4 (5)
7 2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎠⎟
for π. 1
= 11 ft 2
6. The area of a geometric figure is the number 4
of square units it encloses.
1
22. A = bh
Exercise Set 2.1 2
1
= 5 7
2. P = 2 (14 ) + 2 ( 5 )
( )( )
= 28 +10 2
= 38 m 1 2
= 17 ft
2
4. P = 5 +11+10 24.
= 26 units A = πr 2
= π ( 5)
2

6. P = 4 ( 9 )
= 25π cm2 ≈ 78.5 cm2
= 36 cm 26.
A = s2
= 12 2
8. P = 4 ( 50 )

= 200 m = 144 yd 2

d 20
10. P = 6 (15 ) 28. r = = = 10
2 2
= 90 yd A = πr 2
= π (10 )
2
12. C = πd
= π ( 26 ) = 100π m2 ≈ 314 m2
= 26π m
≈ 81.64 m

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Chapter
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2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

14. C = 2πr
= 2π (10 )
= 20π yd
≈ 62.8 yd

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Chapter
ISM: Geometry
2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

30. 32.

Find the length of each segment in the

triangle using the Distance Formula or the
Ruler Postulate. Find the length of each segment in the
2 2 quadrilateral using the Distance Formula or

⎣ − ( −4 )
AB = ⎡4 + ⎡⎣5 − ( −1) the Ruler Postulate.
2 2

ST = ⎡⎣7 − ( −5 ) + ( −2 − 3 )
= ( 8 )2 + ( 6 )2

= 64 + 36 = (12 )2 + ( −5 )2
= 100 = 144 + 25
= 10 = 169
BC = −2 − 5 = 7
= 13
2 2

AC = ⎡⎣ 4 − ( −4 ) ⎤⎦ + ⎡−2 TU = −6 − ( −2 ) = 4
⎣ − ( −1)
UV = −5 − 7 = 12
= ( 8)2 + ( −1)2
SV = −6 − 3 = 9
= 64 +1 Then add the side lengths to find the
= 65 perimeter.

Then add the side lengths to find the ST + TU + UV + SV = 13 + 4 +12 + 9

perimeter. = 38

AB + BC + AC = 10 + 7 + 65 The perimeter of quadrilateral STUV is 38

units.
= 17 + 65
The perimeter of triangle ABC is 17 + 65 34. Find the area of one panel.
units, or approximately 25.1 units. A = lw
= 6⋅7
= 42 ft 2
Now find the area of four panels.
4 ⋅ 42 ft 2 = 168 ft 2

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2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

36. A = lw
= 197 ⋅ 66
= 13, 002 ft 2

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Chapter
ISM: Geometry
2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

38. Find the length and width of the matting. Find the lengths of two perpendicular
Length = 3 + 6 + 3 segments in the rectangle using the Distance
= 12 Formula or the Ruler Postulate.
Width = 3 + 4 + 3 AB = −3 − ( −6 ) = 3
= 10 BC = 3 − ( −2 ) = 5
Find the perimeter of the outside of the
matting. Find the perimeter.
P = 2 (12 ) + 2 (10 ) P = 2 ( 3) + 2 ( 5 )
= 24 + 20 = 6 +10
= 44 = 16
The perimeter of the outside of the matting is The perimeter is 16 units.
44 inches. Find the area.
A = lw
40. C = πd = 5⋅3
= π (150 ) = 15
The area is 15 square units.
= 150π ft
≈ 471.2 ft 54.

42. The gutters go along the sides of the roof, so

we are concerned with perimeter.

44. The baseboards go around the edges of the

room, so we are concerned with perimeter.

46. Fertilizer needs to cover the entire yard, so

we are concerned with area.

48. The grass seed needs to cover the entire yard,

so we are concerned with area.
Find the length of each of the segments using
50. Find the area of the picture and the frame the Distance Formula or the Ruler Postulate.
together. AB = 10 −1 = 9
A = lw BC = 8 −1 = 7
= 7 ⋅5
2 2

CD = (10 − 7 ) + (8 − 5)
= 35 cm2

Find the area of the picture. = ( 3 )2 + ( 3 )2

A = lw
= 9+9
= 2⋅4
2 = 18
= 8 cm
DE = 4 − 7 = 3
Subtract the area of the picture to find the
area of the frame. EF = 5 − 8 = 3
35 cm2 − 8 cm2 = 27 cm 2 FG = 4 −1 = 3
AG = 1− 8 = 7
52.

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Chapter
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2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

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Chapter
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2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

Add the lengths of the sides to find the 56. Find the areas of the six surfaces of the
perimeter. figure. Notice that each surface has the same
P = AB + BC + CD + DE + EF + FG + AG area as its opposing surface, so the areas of

only three surfaces need to be calculated.

= 9 + 7 + 18 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 7
A = lw
= 32 + 18 = 6⋅4
≈ 36.2
= 24
The perimeter is 32 + 18 units, or A = lw

approximately 36.2 units. = 8⋅6

Find the area. Split the figure into smaller
figures and find the area of each figure. There = 48
are many methods to do this, but one is to A = lw
split the figure on a line through points D and = 8⋅4
E. This breaks the figure into a square, a = 32
rectangle, and a triangle. Add the areas of the six surfaces.
SA = 2 ( 24 ) + 2 ( 48 ) + 2 ( 32 )
= 48 + 96 + 64
= 208 in.2

58. a. No, because every rectangle does not

have four equal sides.
b. Solve the perimeter formula for s and
then substitute it into the area formula.
P = 4s
P
The square has side lengths of 3 units. s=
4
A = s2
A = s2
= ( 3)
2
2
⎛P⎞
=9 =⎜ ⎟
⎝4⎠
The rectangle has side lengths 9 units and 4
units. P2
=
A = lw 16
= 9⋅4
60. Answers will vary. Possible answer: Building
= 36 a fence around a yard would need the
The triangle has a base of 3 units and a height perimeter. Planting grass seed in the yard
of 3 units. would need the area.
1
A = bh
2
62. 7 2 = 49
1
= ( 3)( 3 )
2
64. 20 2 = 400
= 4.5
Add the areas to find the area of the whole
figure. 66. 52 + 32 = 25 + 9 = 34
A = 9 + 36 + 4.5
2 2

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Chapter
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2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

= 49.5 68. 1 + 6 = 1+ 36 = 37
The area is 49.5 square units.

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Chapter
ISM: Geometry
2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

Section 2.2 Practice d. The 30th circle is green. The 30th circle
has 230 , or 1,073,741,824, regions
1. a. The pattern rotates between multiplying formed by the diameters.
the previous number by 2, 3, and 4. If the
pattern continues the next number will be
2 ⋅1728, or 3456.
b. The pattern rotates between adding 8,
adding 8, then subtracting 14. If the
pattern continues the next number will be
21−14, or 7.

2. a. Each new number is the sum of the two

previous numbers. If the pattern continues
the next number will be 29 + 47, or 76.
b. Each new number is the sum of the
previous number and an increasing
multiple of 2, starting with 1 for the first
number and 2 for the second. If the
pattern continues the next number
will be 257.

3. There are two separate patterns occurring

here. The first pattern is alternating between
a square and a triangle. The next shape is a
rectangle. The second pattern is the legs on
the bottom rotating between 1 leg, 2 legs, and
3 legs. The next figure will have 2 legs. If the
pattern continues, the next figure is shown.

4. a. The colors of the shapes are rotating

between purple, red and green. Since
there are 3 different colors, every multiple
of 3 will be in green. If the number is
higher than a multiple of 3 by 1, or lower
by 2, then the shape will be purple. If the
number is higher than a multiple of 3 by
2, or lower by 1, then the shape will be
red. Since 11 is 1 lower than the closest
multiple of 3, which is 12, the 11th figure
will be red.
b. Each circle has twice as many regions as
the circle before it, so if n represents the
number of the circle then each circle will
have 2 n regions. Thus, the 11th circle
will have 211 , or 2048, regions.
c. The appearance of the 11th circle is red
with 2048 regions formed by the
diameters.

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Chapter
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2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

5. Since we predict that the dealership will sell

66 cars in October, use that to help predict
the number of cars that will be sold in
November, and then December. Using
inductive reasoning, and the estimated
increase of 4 cars per year, we predict that
the dealership sells 70 hybrid cars in
November, since 66 + 4 = 70. Now using
inductive reasoning, we predict that the
dealership sells 74 hybrid cars in December.

6. a. Answers may vary.

1
Counterexample: 4 ⋅ = 2. Notice that
2
2 >/ 4. Thus, the conjecture is false
because it is not always true.
b. Answers may vary.
Counterexample: Let the length and
width of a square be 3. The area would
then be equal to 3⋅ 3 or 9. Notice that 9 is
not an even number. Thus, the conjecture
is false.

Vocabulary & Readiness Check 2.2

1. Another word for an educated guess is a

conjecture.

2. A counterexample is an example that shows

that a conjecture is false.

3. The process of arriving at a general

conclusion based on observing patterns or
specific examples is called inductive
reasoning.

Exercise Set 2.2

2. Each number is 4 times the previous number.

If the pattern continues, then the next number
will be 320 ⋅ 4, or 1280.

4. Each number is 2 less than the previous

number. If the pattern continues, then the
next number will be 14 − 2, or 12.

6. Every third number from the first number is

decreasing by one, starting at 5. Every third
number from the second number is increasing
by 1, starting at −5. Every third number from
the third number is 0. If the pattern continues,
then the next number will be −4 +1, or −3.

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Chapter
ISM: Geometry
2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

8. Each number is the sum of the previous 24. The colors of the shapes are rotating between
number and an even number, which increases purple, red and green. Since there are 3
with every sum. If the pattern continues, then different colors, every multiple of 3 will be in
the next number will be 21 +10, or 31. green. If the number is higher than a multiple
of 3 by 1, or lower by 2, then the shape will
10. The pattern rotates between multiplying the be purple. If the number is higher than a
previous number by 3 and 2. If the pattern multiple of 3 by 2, or lower by 1, then the
continues, then the next number will be shape will be red. Since 40 is 1 higher than
72 ⋅3, or 216. the closest multiple of 3, which is 39, the
40th figure will be purple.
12. In the tens place, each number is rotating
between 7 and 6. In the ones place, each 26. The shapes are rotating between a circle,
number is decreasing by 1. If the pattern triangle, square and star. Since there are 4
continues, then the next number will be 75. different shapes, every multiple of 4 will be
in a star. If the number is higher than a
14. The pattern rotates between multiplying the multiple of 4 by 1, or lower by 3, then the
previous number by 2 and 3. If the pattern shape will be a circle. If the number is higher
continues, then the next number will be than a multiple of 4 by 2, or lower by 2, then
72 ⋅ 2, or 144. the shape will be triangle. If the number is
higher than a multiple of 4 by 3, or lower by
1, then the shape will be a square. Since 50 is
16. A 1 is added to the end of each previous
2 higher than the closest multiple of 4, which
number. If the pattern continues, then the
is 48, the 50th figure will be a triangle.
next number will be 0.1111.
28. a. The colors of the shapes are rotating
18. The numerator is a sum of the numerator and between purple, red and green. Since
denominator of the previous number and the there are 3 different colors, every multiple
denominator is the previous denominator of 3 will be in green. If the number is
multiplied by 3. If the pattern continues, then higher than a multiple of 3 by 1, or lower
40 +81 121 by 2, then the shape will be purple. If the
the next number will be , or .
81⋅ 3 243 number is higher than a multiple of 3 by
2, or lower by 1, then the shape will be
20. There are two things occurring in this pattern. red. Since 20 is 1 lower than the closest
The first pattern is that both the smaller multiple of 3, which is 21, the 20th figure
shaded box and the lines are rotating will be red.
clockwise around to each corner. The second b. The shapes are rotating between a circle,
pattern is that there is 1 line being added each triangle, square and star. Since there are 4
time. If the pattern continues, the next figure different shapes, every multiple of 4 will
is shown. be in a star. If the number is higher than a
multiple of 4 by 1, or lower by 3, then the
shape will be a circle. If the number is
higher than a multiple of 4 by 2, or lower
by 2, then the shape will be triangle. If the
22. In this pattern, the previous figure is the number is higher than a multiple of 4 by
beginning of the new figure in the pattern and 3, or lower by 1, then the shape will be a
a box is added on with odd ones having a dot
square. Since 20 is a multiple of 4, the
in them with the line in the corner and the
20th figure will be a star.
even ones just having the line. The line in the
c. The appearance of the 20th figure will be
corner is rotating clockwise around to the
a red star.
next corner each time. If the pattern
continues, the next figure is shown. 30. Answers may vary. Sample Answer: The sum
of an even and an odd number is odd.

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 Chapter
ISM: Geometry
2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

32. Answers may vary. Sample Answer: The

product of two odd numbers is odd.

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Chapter
ISM: Geometry
2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

34. Answers may vary. Sample Answer: The d. Since 26 is 2 higher than the closest
product of a number and its reciprocal is one. multiple of 4, which is 24, the 26th figure
will be green. Since 26 is 1 lower than the
36. a. The color of the shapes is rotating closest multiple of 3, which is 27, the
between orange and purple. The odd shape will be a circle. The 13th figure
numbered half-circles are orange and the will be a green circle.
even numbered half-circles are purple.
Since 13 is odd, the 13th figure will be
orange.
b. The number of regions in each pattern is 40. Each time the number of chirps per
increasing by 1 each time. Each figure 14 seconds increases by 5, the temperature
has the number of regions that it is increases by 10. Thus, if you hear a cricket
numbered in the list. Therefore, the 13th chirp 20 times in 14 seconds then the
figure will have 13 regions temperature will be 65 +10, or 75°.
c. The 13th figure will have an appearance
of an orange half-circle with 13 regions 42. Answers may vary. Sample Answer:
d. Following the patterns from parts a and b, ∠A = 60°, ∠B = 90°, ∠C = 30°
since 29 is an odd number, the 29th figure
will be orange and will have 29 regions. Thus, the conjecture is false because it is not
Therefore, the appearance will be an always true.
orange half-circle with 29 regions
44. Answers may vary. Sample Answer:
38. a. The colors of the shapes are rotating −1⋅ −2 = 3. Notice that 3 </ −1 and 3 </ −2.
between green, green, red, and blue. Thus, the conjecture is false because it is not
Since there are 4 different colors, every always true.
multiple of 4 will be blue. If the number
is higher than a multiple of 4 by 1, or 46. Answers may vary. Sample Answer: Let the
lower by 3, then the shape will be green. length of a rectangle be 4 and the width be
If the number is higher than a multiple of 1 1
. A = ⋅ 4 = 2. Notice that 2 >/ 4.
4 by 2, or lower by 2, then the shape will 2 2
also be green. If the number is higher than Thus, the conjecture is false because it is not
a multiple of 4 by 3, or lower by 1, then always true.
the shape will be red. Since 12 is a
multiple of 4, the 12th figure will be blue. 48. The prediction is 555555555. This is because
b. The shapes are rotating between a the pattern is increasing by 111111111
triangle, a circle, and a square. Since each time.
there are 3 different shapes, every 12345679 ⋅ 45 = 555555555
multiple of 3 will be a square. If the
number is higher than a multiple of 3 by 50. There are sixty-four 1×1 squares, forty-nine
1, or lower by 2, then the shape will be a 2 × 2 squares, thirty-six 3× 3 squares,
triangle. If the number is higher than a twenty-five 4 × 4 squares, sixteen 5× 5
multiple of 3 by 2, or lower by 1, then the squares, nine 6× 6 squares, four 7 × 7, and
shape will be a circle. Since 12 is a one 8×8 square. Notice that number of
multiple of 3, the 12th figure will be a squares from 1×1 to 8×8 is decreasing to
square. the next perfect square number, starting from
c. Since 13 is 1 higher than the closest
82 = 64 all the way to 12 = 1.
multiple of 4, which is 12, the 13th figure
will be green. Since 13 is 1 higher than So the total number of squares is 204.
the closest multiple of 3, which is 12, the
shape will be a triangle. The 13th figure
will be a green triangle.

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Chapter
ISM: Geometry
2: Introduction to Reasoning and Proofs Chapter 2: Introduction to Reasoning
ISM: Geometry
and Proofs

52. The majority of the points together create a Section 2.3 Practice
heart. Notice that point H does not fit the
pattern because it is located to the right of 1. a. Hypothesis (p): an animal is a pig
point G, which is outside of the pattern. Conclusion (q): the animal has 44 teeth
b. Hypothesis (p): x = 7
Conclusion (q): x 2 = 49

2. a. If an angle measures 36°, then the angle

is an acute angle.
b. If you live in Texas, then you live in the
continental U.S.

3. If a number is a fraction, then it is a real

number.

4. a. False; complementary angles must have

their measures add up to 90°, but they do
not need to be adjacent.
b. True; the only months that start with M
54. Answers may vary. Sample Answer: The last
are March and May, and both have
six times I went to the beach, the traffic was
31 days.
light on Wednesdays and heavy on Sundays.
My conclusion is that weekdays have lighter
5. a. If the figure has three sides, then the
traffic than weekends.
figure is a triangle.
b. If the figure is not a triangle, then the
56. Each year, the number of bird species is
figure does not have three sides.
increasing by about 5. Since 2019 − 2012 = 7 c. If the figure does not have three sides,
and 7 ⋅5 = 35, 35 will be the approximate then the figure is not a triangle.
increase from 2012 to 2019. So,

90 + 35 = 125, which means in 2019, there Vocabulary & Readiness Check 2.3
will be about 125 bird species.
1. In symbols, an “if-then” statement can be
58. Clay is conjecturing that each number is written as p → q.
increasing by 2. Ott is conjecturing that each
number is being doubled. Stacie is

conjecturing that each number is going to 2. In symbols, the negation of p is written

increase by 1 more than the previous number. as ~ p.
There is not enough information to decide
who is correct. 3. For an “if-then” statement, the part following
“then” is called the conclusion.
100(100 +1)
60. a. = 5, 050 4. For an “if-then” statement, the part following
2 “if” is called the hypothesis.
n(n+1)
b.
2 5. The statement name for ~ p →~ q is
inverse.
62. 12(2) + 8 = 32
6. The statement name for ~ q →~ p is
64. True. Explanations may vary. Sample: If contrapositive.
three odd numbers are represented by 2a +1,

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2b +1, 2c +1, then 7. The statement name for q → p is converse.

2a +1+ 2b +1+ 2c +1 = (2a + 2b + 2c) + 3

= 2(a + b + c) + 3, 8. The statement name for ~ p is negation.
which is an odd number.

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9. Two statements that are both always true or Contrapositive (~ q →~ p) : If x ≠ 7, then

both always false are called equivalent 5x − 3 ≠ 32.
statements.
30. The statement is neither the converse, the
10. Conditional and contrapositive statements are inverse, nor the contrapositive. It shows
equivalent/conditional statements. p →~ q, which does not have a name.
Exercise Set 2.3
32. Converse; the statement shows q → p.
2. Hypothesis (p): you want to be healthy
Conclusion (q): you should eat vegetables 34. Inverse; the statement shows ~ p →~ q.

4. Hypothesis (p): the figure is a pentagon. 36. Contrapositive; the statement shows
Conclusion (q): the figure has five sides. ~ q →~ p.

6. If the animal is a frog, then the animal is an 38. If a number is not divisible by 2, then it is not
amphibian. even. This is true because even numbers are
divisible by 2 by definition, so if a number is
8. If x = 9, then x = 3. not divisible by 2, it follows that it is not
even.
10. If an angle is a right angle, then the angle
measures 90º. 40. If I do not live in South America, then I do
not live in Brazil. This is true because Brazil
12. If an animal is a whale, then the animal is a is in South America, so it is impossible to
mammal. live in Brazil if you do not live in South
America.
14. If 2x + 3 = 11, then 2x = 8.
42. If ∠B is not acute, then m∠B ≠ 15°. This is

16. If the side of a square measures 6 feet, then 28. Converse (q → p) : If x = 7, then
the side of the square measures 2 yards. 5x − 3 = 32.

18. False; there are other sports that are played

with a bat and a ball, like cricket for example,
so it is not guaranteed that the sport is
baseball.

20. True; a polygon with eight sides is called an

octagon by definition.

22. c; a rectangle does not have three sides.

24. a; the avocado is not soft.

26. Converse (q → p) : If you play soccer, then

you are a goalkeeper.
Inverse (~ p →~ q) : If you are not a
goalkeeper, then you do not play soccer.
Contrapositive (~ q →~ p) : If you do not
play soccer, then you are not a goalkeeper.

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true because if an angle is not acute, its measure statement is true by the definition of
must be greater than or equal to 90º. coplanar.
Inverse (~ p →~ q) : If two lines do not lie
44. If there are two points, then there is exactly in the same plane, then the lines are not
one line through them. coplanar. This statement is true by the
definition of coplanar.
46. If-then form ( p → q) If two lines lie in the Contrapositive (~ q →~ p) : If two lines are
same plane, then the lines are coplanar. This not coplanar, then the lines do not lie in the
statement is true because the word coplanar same plane. This statement is true by the
means that the lines are in the same plane by definition of coplanar.
definition.
Converse (q → p) : If two lines are coplanar,
then the lines lie in the same plane. This
Inverse (~ p →~ q) : If 5x − 3 ≠ 32, then
x ≠ 7.

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48. Converse (q → p) : If − y is positive, then y u → t is false because a number cannot be

is negative. This is true because − y means both even and odd. For example, 2 ⋅11 = 22,
“the opposite of y,” so it must have the which is even but not odd.
opposite sign of y.
66. The square of a number between 0 and 1 is
less than the number. For example,
50. If x > 0, then x < 0. This statement is false.
2
2
⎛1⎞ 1
Squaring any value greater than 0 results in a = .
⎜ ⎟
value that is also greater than 0. For example, ⎝ 2⎠ 4
52 > 0 but 5 is not less than 0.
68. Use the formula for the perimeter of a
52. If an event has a probability of 0, then the rectangle.
event is certain not to occur. P = 2l + 2w
= 2(3.5 cm) + 2(7 cm)
54. If someone has never made a mistake, then = 7 cm +14 cm
he or she has never tried anything new. = 21 cm

56. Answers may vary. Sample answer: 70. Use the formula for the perimeter of a
True conditional with a true converse: If rectangle. Make sure that the units are
x = 2, then 2 = x. The converse is “if 2 = x, equivalent.

then x = 2, ” which is also true by the P = 2l + 2w

Symmetric Property of Equality. ⎛ 1 yd ⎞

= 2(11 yd) + 2 ⎜ 60 ft ⋅
True conditional with a false converse: If it is ⎝ 3 ft ⎟⎠
nighttime, then the sun is not shining. The = 22 yd + 2(20 yd)
converse is “if the sun is not shining, then it = 22 yd + 40 yd
is nighttime,” which is not true because it = 62 yd
could be cloudy during the day.

58. No; the square of 2 is guaranteed to be 4, and

Section 2.4 Practice
if x 2 ≠ 4, then x is guaranteed not to be 2.
1. a. Conditional Statement: If two angles are
60. If you are eating at Subway, then you are complimentary, then the sum of their
eating fresh. measures is 90°.
b. Converse Statement: If the sum of the
62. If you are eating at Burger King, then you are measures of two angles is 90°, then the
having it your way. two angles are complimentary.

64. r → t is true because multiplying any whole 2. a. Converse Statement: If AB + BC = AC,

number by 2 results in an even number. then point B lies between points A
t → r is false because an odd number is
and C.
even when multiplied by 2. For example, b. The converse statement is true.
2(11) is even, but 11 is odd.
c. Biconditional Statement: Point B is
r → u is false because any even value of a
between points A and C if and only if
cannot be multiplied by 2 to get a product
AB + BC = AC.
that is odd. For example, 4 ⋅ 2 = 8, which
is even.

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is false because any odd value for 2a 3. a. Converse Statement: If x = 7,

u→ r

cannot be divided by 2 to get an even then x = 7.

number. For example, 13 ÷ 2 = 6.5, which is b. The converse statement is false.
not even. c. For a counterexample, notice that if

t → u is false because a number cannot be x = 7, then x may also be −7, since

both even and odd. For example, 2 ⋅11 = 22, −7 = 7.

which is even but not odd.

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and Proofs

4. Choice a is not reversible. A rectangle has 4. Conditional Statement: If an integer is

right angles, but it may not be a square. divisible by 5, then its last digit is 0 or 5.
Choice b is not reversible. June is a month Converse Statement: If an integer’s last digit
that begins with the letter J, but it is not the is 0 or 5, then the integer is divisible by 5.
month of January.
Choice c is a good definition. It is reversible, 6. Conditional Statement: If you live in Baton
and all terms in the definition are clearly Rouge, Louisiana, then you live in the capital
defined. of the state of Louisiana.
Choice d is not a good definition. “29 days” Converse Statement: If you live in the capital
is not precise. February can have 28 days as of the state of Louisiana, then you live in
well as 29 days. Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

5. Conditional Statement: If the length of an 8. Conditional Statement: If x = 13, then

object is a yard, then the object measures 36
x = 13 or x = −13.
inches. TRUE
Converse Statement: If x = 13 or x = −13,
Converse Statement: If the length of an
object measures 36 inches, then the object is then x = 13.
one yard long. TRUE

Biconditional Statement: An object is a yard 10. a. Converse Statement: If two angles are
long if and only if it measures 36 inches. congruent, then they have the same
This means that the original definition is a degree measure.
good definition and can be used both b. The converse statement is true.
“forward” and “backward.” c. Two angles have the same degree
measure if and only if they are congruent.
Vocabulary & Readiness Check 2.4
12. a. Converse Statement: If 8x +14 = 14, then
1. A biconditional statement is written using a x = 0.
conditional statement and its converse. b. The converse statement is true.
c. x = 0 if and only if 8x +14 = 14.
2. A biconditional statement may be written
using the phrase if and only if. 14. a. Converse Statement: If a number is a
multiple of 3, then it is divisible by 6.
3. The converse of statement p → q is q → p. b. The converse statement is false.
c. For a counterexample, 3 is a multiple of
4. The symbol for if and only if is ↔. 3, but 3 is not divisible by 6.

5. A good definition may be written as a 16. a. Converse Statement: If it is Thanksgiving

biconditional (or if and only if) statement. in the United States, then it is the fourth
Thursday in November.
6. A true biconditional statement p ↔ q may b. The converse statement is true.
c. In the United States, it is the fourth
be used “forward” and “backward.” In
Thursday in November if and only if it is
symbols, forward and backward mean,
Thanksgiving.
respectively p → q and q → p.

18. a. Converse Statement: If x = 5, then

Exercise Set 2.4 x = −5.

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2. Conditional Statement: If a ray bisects a b. The converse statement is false.

segment, then the ray intersects the segment c. For a counterexample, x could be 5,
only at the midpoint. since 5 = 5.
Converse Statement: If a segment is
intersected by a ray at its midpoint, then the
ray bisects the segment.

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and Proofs

20. a. Conditional Statement: If two angles are b. The two conditional statements are
vertical angles, then they are congruent. converses of each other.
b. The conditional statement is true.
c. Converse Statement: If two angles are 40. The statement is not a good definition.
congruent, then they are vertical angles. “Gigantic animal” is vague. For example, a
d. The converse statement is false. whale is a gigantic animal, but a whale is not
e. For a counterexample, notice that two an elephant. The converse is false.
angles of an isosceles triangle are
congruent, but they are not vertical 42. “A linear pair is a pair of adjacent angles
angles. with noncommon sides that are opposite
rays” is a better definition of a linear pair
22. a. Conditional Statement: If angle B is because both the conditional statement and
obtuse, then 90° < m∠B < 180°. the converse statement are true and can be
b. The conditional statement is true. combined to form the following true
c. Converse Statement: If biconditional statement: A pair of angles is a
90° < m∠B < 180°, then angle B is linear pair if and only if they are adjacent
obtuse. angles with noncommon sides that are
d. The converse statement is true. opposite rays.
e. Biconditional Statement: An angle B is

obtuse if and only if 90° < m∠B < 180°. 44. If ∠A and ∠B are a linear pair, then ∠A

and ∠B are adjacent.

24. This statement is not a good definition. The

converse is false. For a counterexample, a 46. ∠A and ∠B are a linear pair if and only if
chicken is a mammal, but a chicken is not a ∠A and ∠B are adjacent and supplementary
dolphin. angles.

26. This statement is not a good definition. The 48. The description of the letter K is not a good
converse is false. For a counterexample, a one. For a counterexample, the letter V is
ruler is a geometric tool, but a ruler is not a also formed by making a V with the two
compass. fingers beside the thumb.

28. This statement is a good definition because 50. The description of the letter B is a good one
the conditional and converse statements are because there is no other letter that can be
true and can be combined to form the formed the same way.
following true biconditional statement: Two
intersecting lines are perpendicular if and 52. If you have a good voice, then you are in the
only if they intersect to form right angles. school chorus.

30. Statement c and its converse form a true 54. If a conditional statement is true, its converse
biconditional statement. x = 10 if and only if is sometimes true and sometimes false.
5x + 5 = 55.
56. Given the list 2500, 500, 100, 20, …, notice
32. A point is in quadrant I if and only if it has 1
that each number in the list is of the
two positive coordinates. 5

36. The last digit of an integer is even if and

34. An object is a triangle if and only if it is a only if it is divisible by two.
three-sided polygon.
38. The statement is a good definition

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and Proofs

a. If an angle is obtuse, then its measure is previous number. Therefore, the next two
greater than 90°. If the measure of an 4
angle is greater than 90°, then it is obtuse. terms in the list are 4 and .
5

58. Given the list 1, 3, 2, 4, 3, …, notice that the

pattern alternates between adding 2 and
subtracting 1. Therefore, the next two terms
in the list are 5 and 4.

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Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
we shall meet in a state where sorrow never comes; where the Sun of
Righteousness shall arise with healing on his wings! As he spoke he looked up;
the tears still trembled in his eyes, which beamed with meek yet fervent
devotion, and his countenance glowed with the dignity of a superior being.
Let us not neglect the awful moments, said La Luc rising, let our united prayers
ascend to Him who alone can comfort and support us! They all knelt down, and
he prayed with that simple and sublime eloquence which true piety inspires.
When he arose he embraced his children separately, and when he came to
Theodore he paused, gazed upon him with an earnest, mournful expression, and
was for some time unable to speak. Theodore could not bear this; he drew his
hand before his eyes, and vainly endeavoured to stifle the deep sobs which
convulsed his frame. At length recovering his voice, he entreated his father would
leave him. This misery is too much for us all, said he, let us not prolong it. The
time is now drawing on—leave me to compose myself; the sharpness of death
consists in parting with those who are dear to us; when that is passed death is
disarmed.
I will not leave you, my son, replied La Luc; my poor girls shall go, but for me, I
will be with you in your last moments. Theodore felt that this would be too much
for them both, and urged every argument which reason could suggest to prevail
with his father to relinquish his design: but he remained firm in his
determination. I will not suffer a selfish consideration of the pain I may endure,
said La Luc, to tempt me to desert my child when he will most require my
support. It is my duty to attend you, and nothing shall withhold me.
Theodore seized on the words of La Luc—As you would that I should be
supported in my last hour, said he, I entreat that you will not be witness of it.
Your presence, my dear father, would subdue all my fortitude—would destroy
what little composure I may otherwise be able to attain. Add not to my sufferings
the view of your distress, but leave me to forget, if possible, the dear parent I
must quit for ever. His tears flowed anew. La Luc continued to gaze on him in
silent agony. At length he said, Well, be it so. If indeed my presence would
distress you, I will not go. His voice was broken and interrupted. After a pause of
some moments he again embraced Theodore—We must part, said he, we must
part, but it is only for a time—we shall soon be reunited in a higher world!—O
God! thou seest my heart—thou seest all its feelings in this bitter hour!—Grief
again overcame him. He pressed Theodore in his arms: and at length seeming to
summon all his fortitude, he again said, Wemust part—Oh! my son, farewell for
ever in this world!—The mercy of Almighty God support and bless you!
He turned away to leave the prison, but quite worn out with grief, sunk into a
chair near the door he would have opened. Theodore gazed, with a distracted
countenance, alternately on his father, on Clara, and on Adeline, whom he
pressed to his throbbing heart, and their tears flowed together. And do I then,
cried he, for the last time look upon that countenance!—Shall I never—never
more behold it?—O! exquisite misery! Yet once again—once more, continued he,
pressing her cheek; but it was insensible and cold as marble.
Louis, who had left the room soon after La Luc arrived, that his presence might
not interrupt their farewell grief, now returned. Adeline raised her head, and
perceiving who entered, it again sunk on the bosom of Theodore.
Louis appeared much agitated. La Luc arose. We must go, said he; Adeline, my
love, exert yourself—Clara—my children, let us depart.—Yet one last—last
embrace, and then!——Louis advanced and took his hand; My dear Sir, I have
something to say; yet I fear to tell it.—What do you mean? said La Luc with
quickness: no new misfortune can have power to afflict me at this moment; do
not fear to speak.—I rejoice that I cannot put you to the proof, replied Louis; I
have seen you sustain the most trying affliction with fortitude. Can you support
the transports of hope?—La Luc gazed eagerly on Louis—Speak! said he, in a
faint voice. Adeline raised her head, and, trembling between hope and fear,
looked as if she would have searched his soul. He smiled cheerfully upon her. Is it
—O! is it possible! she exclaimed, suddenly reanimated—He lives! He lives!—She
said no more, but ran to La Luc, who sunk fainting in his chair, while Theodore
and Clara with one voice called on Louis to relieve them from the tortures of
suspense.
He proceeded to inform them that he had obtained from the commanding officer
a respite for Theodore till the king's further pleasure could be known, and this in
consequence of a letter received that morning from his mother, Madame de La
Motte, in which she mentioned some very extraordinary circumstances that had
appeared in the course of a trial lately conducted at Paris, and which so
materially affected the character of the Marquis de Montalt as to render it
possible a pardon might be obtained for Theodore.
These words darted with the rapidity of lightning upon the hearts of his hearers.
La Luc revived, and that prison so lately the scene of despair now echoed only to
the voices of gratitude and gladness. La Luc, raising his clasped hands to heaven,
said, Great God! support me in this moment as thou hast already supported me!
—If my son lives, I die in peace.
He embraced Theodore, and remembering the anguish of his last embrace, tears
of thankfulness and joy flowed to the contrast. So powerful indeed was the effect
of this temporary reprieve, and of the hope it introduced, that if an absolute
pardon had been obtained, it could scarcely for the moment have diffused a more
lively joy. But when the first emotions were subsided, the uncertainty of
Theodore's fate once more appeared. Adeline forbore to express this; but Clara
without scruple lamented the possibility that her brother might yet be taken from
them, and all their joy be turned to sorrow. A look from Adeline checked her. Joy
was, however, so much the predominant feeling of the present moment, that the
shade which reflection threw upon their hopes passed away like the cloud that is
dispelled by the strength of the sunbeam; and Louis alone was pensive and
abstracted.
When they were sufficiently composed, he informed them that the contents of
Madame de La Motte's letter obliged him to set out for Paris immediately; and
that the intelligence he had to communicate intimately concerned Adeline, who
would undoubtedly judge it necessary to go thither also as soon as her health
would permit. He then read to his impatient auditors such passages in the letter
as were necessary to explain his meaning; but as Madame de La Motte had
omitted to mention some circumstances of importance to be understood, the
following is a relation of the occurrences that had lately happened at Paris.
It may be remembered that on the first day of his trial, La Motte, in passing from
the courts to his prison, saw a person whose features, though imperfectly seen
through the dusk, he thought he recollected; and that this same person, after
inquiring the name of La Motte, desired to be admitted to him. On the following
day the warder complied with his request, and the surprise of La Motte may be
imagined when in the stronger light of his apartment, he distinguished the
countenance of the man, from whose hands he had formerly received Adeline.
On observing Madame de La Motte in the room, he said he had something of
consequence to impart, and desired to be left alone with the prisoner. When she
was gone, he told De La Motte that he understood he was confined at the suit of
the Marquis de Montalt. La Motte assented.—I know him for a villain, said the
stranger boldly. Your case is desperate. Do you wish for life?
Need the question be asked?
Your trial, I understand proceeds to-morrow. I am now under confinement in this
place for debt; but if you can obtain leave for me to go with you into the courts,
and a condition from the judge that what I reveal shall not criminate myself, I will
make discoveries that shall confound that same Marquis; I will prove him a
villain; and it shall then be judged how far his word ought to be taken against
you.
La Motte, whose interest was now strongly excited, desired he would explain
himself; and the man proceeded to relate a long history of the misfortunes and
consequent poverty which had tempted him to become subservient to the
schemes of the Marquis, till he suddenly checked himself, and said. When I
obtain from the court the promise I require, I will explain myself fully; till then, I
cannot say more on the subject.
La Motte could not forbear expressing a doubt of his sincerity, and a curiosity
concerning the motive that had induced him to become the Marquis's accuser.—
As to my motive, it is a very natural one, replied the man: it is no easy matter to
receive ill usage without resenting it, particularly from a villain whom you have
served.—La Motte, for his own sake, endeavoured to check the vehemence with
which this was uttered. I care not who hears me continued the stranger, but at
the same time he lowered his voice; I repeat it—the Marquis has used me ill—I
have kept his secret long enough: he does not think it worth while to secure my
silence, or he would relieve my necessities. I am in prison for debt, and have
applied to him for relief; since he does not choose to give it, let him take the
consequence. I warrant he shall soon repent that he has provoked me, and 'tis fit
he should.
The doubts of La Motte were now dissipated; the prospect of life again opened
upon him, and he assured Du Bosse (which was the stranger's name) with much
warmth, that he would commission his advocate to do all in his power to obtain
leave for his appearance on the trial, and to procure the necessary condition.
After some further conversation they parted.

CHAPTER XXII

Drag forth the legal monster into light,

Wrench from his hand oppression's iron rod,
And bid the cruel feel the pains they give.

Leave was at length granted for the appearance of Du Bosse, with a promise that
his words should not criminate him, and he accompanied La Motte into court.
The confusion of the Marquis de Montalt on perceiving this man was observed by
many persons present, and particularly by La Motte, who drew from this
circumstance a favourable presage for himself.
When Du Bosse was called upon, he informed the court, that on the night of the
twenty-first of April, in the preceding year, one Jean D'Aunoy, a man he had
known many years, came to his lodging. After they had discoursed for some time
on their circumstances, D'Aunoy said he knew a way by which Du Bosse might
change all his poverty to riches, but that he would not say more till he was
certain he would be willing to follow it. The distressed state in which Du Bosse
then was, made him anxious to learn the means which would bring him relief; he
eagerly inquired what his friend meant, and after some time D'Aunoy explained
himself. He said he was employed by a nobleman (who he afterwards told Du
Bosse was the Marquis de Montalt) to carry off a young girl from a convent, and
that she was to be taken to a house a few leagues distant from Paris. I knew the
house he described well, said Du Bosse, for I had been there many times with
D'Aunoy, who lived there to avoid his creditors, though he often passed his nights
at Paris. He would not tell me more of the scheme, but said he should want
assistants, and if I and my brother, who is since dead, would join him, his
employer would grudge no money, and we should be well rewarded. I desired
him again to tell me more of the plan, but he was obstinate; and after I had told
him I would consider of what he said, and speak to my brother, he went away.
When he called the next night for his answer, my brother and I agreed to
engage, and accordingly we went home with him. He then told us that the young
lady he was to bring thither was a natural daughter of the Marquis de Montalt
and of a nun belonging to a convent of Ursulines; that his wife had received the
child immediately on its birth, and had been allowed a handsome annuity to bring
it up as her own, which she had done till her death. The child was then placed in
a convent and designed for the veil; but when she was of an age to receive the
vows, she had steadily persisted in refusing them. This circumstance had so
much exasperated the Marquis, that in his rage he ordered that if she persisted in
her obstinacy she should be removed from the convent, and got rid of any way;
since if she lived in the world her birth might be discovered, and in consequence
of this, her mother, for whom he had yet a regard, would be condemned to
expiate her crime by a terrible death.
Du Bosse was interrupted in his narrative by the counsel of the Marquis, who
contended that the circumstances alleged tending to criminate his client, the
proceeding was both irrelevant and illegal. He was answered that it was not
irrelevant, and therefore not illegal; for that the circumstances which threw light
upon the character of the Marquis, affected his evidence against La Motte. Du
Bosse was suffered to proceed.
D'Aunoy then said that the Marquis had ordered him to dispatch her, but that, as
he had been used to see her from her infancy, he could not find in his heart to do
it, and wrote to tell him so. The Marquis then commanded him to find those who
would, and this was the business for which he wanted us. My brother and I were
not so wicked as this came to, and so we told D'Aunoy; and I could not help
asking why the Marquis resolved to murder his own child rather than expose her
mother to the risque of suffering death. He said the Marquis had never seen his
child and that, therefore, it could not be supposed he felt much kindness towards
it, and still less that he could love it better than he loved its mother.
Du Bosse proceeded to relate how much he and his brother had endeavoured to
soften the heart of D'Aunoy towards the Marquis's daughter, and that they
prevailed with him to write again and plead for her. D'Aunoy went to Paris to
await the answer, leaving them and the young girl at the house on the heath,
where the former had consented to remain, seemingly for the purpose of
executing the orders they might receive, but really with a design to save the
unhappy victim from the sacrifice.
It is probable that Du Bosse, in this instance, gave a false account of his motive;
since, if he was really guilty of an intention so atrocious as that of murder, he
would naturally endeavour to conceal it. However this might be, he affirmed, that
on the night of the twenty-sixth of April, he received an order from D'Aunoy for
the destruction of the girl, whom he had afterwards delivered into the hands of
La Motte.
La Motte listened to this relation in astonishment; when he knew that Adeline
was the daughter of the Marquis, and remembered the crime to which he had
once devoted her, his frame thrilled with horror. He now took up the story, and
added an account of what had passed at the abbey between the Marquis and
himself, concerning a design of the former upon the life of Adeline, and urged, as
a proof of the present prosecution originating in malice, that it had commenced
immediately after he had effected her escape from the Marquis. He concluded,
however, with saying, that as the Marquis had immediately sent his people in
pursuit of her, it was possible she might yet have fallen a victim to his vengeance.
Here the Marquis's counsel again interfered, and their objections were again
overruled by the court. The uncommon degree of emotion which his countenance
betrayed during the narrations of Du Bosse and De La Motte was generally
observed. The court suspended the sentence of the latter, ordered that the
Marquis should be put under immediate arrest, and that Adeline (the name given
by her fostermother) and Jean D'Aunoy should be sought for.
The Marquis was accordingly seized at the suit of the crown, and put under
confinement till Adeline should appear, or proof could be obtained that she died
by his order; and till D'Aunoy should confirm or destroy the evidence of De La
Motte.
Madame, who at length obtained intelligence of her son's residence from the
town where he was formerly stationed, had acquainted him with his father's
situation, and the proceedings of the trial; and as she believed that Adeline, if
she had been so fortunate as to escape the Marquis's pursuit, was still in Savoy,
she desired Louis would obtain leave of absence, and bring her to Paris, where
her immediate presence was requisite to substantiate the evidence, and probably
to save the life of La Motte.
On the receipt of her letter, which happened on the morning appointed for the
execution of Theodore, Louis went immediately to the commanding officer to
petition for a respite till the king's further pleasure should be known. He founded
his plea on the arrest of the Marquis, and showed the letter he had just received.
The commanding officer readily granted a reprieve; and Louis, who, on the
arrival of this letter had forborne to communicate its contents to Theodore, lest it
should torture him with false hope, now hastened to him with this comfortable
news.

CHAPTER XXIII
 Low on his funeral couch he lies!
No pitying heart, no eye, afford
A tear lo grace his obsequies.
GRAY.

On learning the purport of Madame de La Motte's letter, Adeline saw

the necessity of her immediate departure for Paris. The life of La
Motte, who had more than saved hers, the life perhaps of her
beloved Theodore, depended on the testimony she should give. And
she who had so lately been sinking under the influence of illness and
despair, who could scarcely raise her languid head, or speak but in
the faintest accents, now reanimated with hope, and invigorated by
a sense of the importance of the business before her, prepared to
perform a rapid journey of some hundred miles.
Theodore tenderly entreated that she would so far consider her
health as to delay this journey for a few days: but with a smile of
enchanting tenderness she assured him, that she was now too
happy to be ill, and that the same cause which would confirm her
happiness would confirm her health. So strong was the effect of
hope upon her mind, now that it succeeded to the misery of despair,
that it overcame the shock she suffered on believing herself a
daughter of the Marquis, and every other painful reflection. She did
not even foresee the obstacle that circumstance might produce to
her union with Theodore, should he at last be permitted to live.
It was settled that she should set off for Paris in a few hours with
Louis, and attended by Peter. These hours were passed by La Luc
and his family in the prison.
When the time of her departure arrived, the spirits of Adeline again
forsook her, and the illusions of joy disappeared. She no longer
beheld Theodore as one respited from death, but took leave of him
with a mournful presentiment that she should see him no more. So
strongly was this presage impressed upon her mind, that it was long
before she could summon resolution to bid him farewell; and when
she had done so, and even left the apartment, she returned to take
of him a last look. As she was once more quitting the room, her
melancholy imagination represented Theodore at the place of
execution, pale, and convulsed in death; she again turned her
lingering eyes upon him; but fancy affected her sense, for she
thought as she now gazed that his countenance changed, and
assumed a ghastly hue. All her resolution vanished; and such was
the anguish of her heart, that she resolved to defer her journey till
the morrow, though she must by this means lose the protection of
Louis, whose impatience to meet his father would not suffer the
delay. The triumph of passion, however, was transient; soothed by
the indulgence she promised herself, her grief subsided; reason
resumed its influence; she again saw the necessity of her immediate
departure, and recollected sufficient resolution to submit. La Luc
would have accompanied her for the purpose of again soliciting the
king in behalf of his son, had not the extreme weakness and
lassitude to which he was reduced made travelling impracticable.
At length, Adeline with a heavy heart quitted Theodore,
notwithstanding his entreaties that she would not undertake the
journey in her present weak state, and was accompanied by Clara
and La Luc to the inn. The former parted from her friend with many
tears, and much anxiety for her welfare, but under a hope of soon
meeting again. Should a pardon be granted to Theodore, La Luc
designed to fetch Adeline from Paris; but should this be refused, she
was to return with Peter. He bade her adieu with a father's kindness,
which she repaid with a filial affection, and in her last words
conjured him to attend to the recovery of his health: the languid
smile he assumed seemed to express that her solicitude was vain,
and that he thought his health past recovery.
Thus Adeline quitted the friends so justly dear to her, and so lately
found, for Paris, where she was a stranger, almost without
protection, and compelled to meet a father, who had pursued her
with the utmost cruelty, in a public court of justice. The carriage in
leaving Vaceau passed by the prison; she threw an eager look
towards it as she passed; its heavy black walls, and narrow-grated
windows, seemed to frown upon her hopes—but Theodore was
there, and leaning from the window: she continued to gaze upon it
till an abrupt turning in the street concealed it from her view. She
then sunk back in the carriage, and yielding to the melancholy of her
heart, wept in silence. Louis was not disposed to interrupt it; his
thoughts were anxiously employed on his father's situation, and the
travellers proceeded many miles without exchanging a word.
At Paris, whither we shall now return, the search after Jean D'Aunoy
was prosecuted without success. The house on the heath, described
by Du Bosse, was found uninhabited, and to the places of his usual
resort in the city, where the officers of the police awaited him, he no
longer came. It even appeared doubtful whether he was living, for
he had absented himself from the houses of his customary
rendezvous sometime before the trial of La Motte; it was therefore
certain that his absence was not occasioned by any thing which had
passed in the courts.
In the solitude of his confinement the Marquis de Montalt had leisure
to reflect on the past, and to repent of his crimes; but reflection and
repentance formed as yet no part of his disposition. He turned with
impatience from recollections which produced only pain, and looked
forward to the future with an endeavour to avert the disgrace and
punishment which he saw impending. The elegance of his manners
had so effectually veiled the depravity of his heart, that he was a
favourite with his sovereign; and on this circumstance he rested his
hope of security. He, however, severely repented that he had
indulged the hasty spirit of revenge which had urged him to the
prosecution of La Motte, and had thus unexpectedly involved him in
a situation dangerous—if not fatal—since if Adeline could not be
found he would be concluded guilty of her death. But the
appearance of D'Aunoy was the circumstance he most dreaded; and
to oppose the possibility of this, he employed secret emissaries to
discover his retreat, and to bribe him to his interest. These were,
however as unsuccessful in their research as the officers of police,
and the Marquis at length began to hope that the man was really
dead.
La Motte meanwhile awaited with trembling impatience the arrival of
his son, when he should be relieved in some degree from his
uncertainty concerning Adeline. On this appearance he rested his
only hope of life, since the evidence against him would lose much of
its validity from the confirmation she would give of the bad character
of his prosecutor; and if the Parliament even condemned La Motte,
the clemency of the king might yet operate in his favour.
Adeline arrived at Paris after a journey of several days, during which
she was chiefly supported by the delicate attentions of Louis, whom
she pitied and esteemed, though she could not love. She was
immediately visited at the hotel by Madame La Motte: the meeting
was affecting on both sides. A sense of her past conduct excited in
the latter an embarrassment which the delicacy and goodness of
Adeline would willingly have spared her; but the pardon solicited was
given with so much sincerity, that Madame gradually became
composed and reassured. This forgiveness, however, could not have
been thus easily granted, had Adeline believed her former conduct
was voluntary; a conviction of the restraint and terror under which
Madame had acted, alone induced her to excuse the past. In this
first meeting they forbore dwelling on particular subjects; Madame
La Motte proposed that Adeline should remove from the hotel to her
lodgings near the Chatelet; and Adeline, for whom a residence at a
public hotel was very improper, gladly accepted the offer.
Madame there gave her a circumstantial account of La Motte's
situation, and concluded with saying, that as the sentence of her
husband had been suspended till some certainty could be obtained
concerning the late criminal designs of the Marquis, and as Adeline
could confirm the chief part of La Motte's testimony, it was probable
that now she was arrived the court would proceed immediately. She
now learnt the full extent of her obligation to La Motte; for she was
till now ignorant that when he sent her from the forest he saved her
from death. Her horror of the Marquis, whom she could not bear to
consider as her father, and her gratitude to her deliverer, redoubled,
and she became impatient to give the testimony so necessary to the
hopes of her preserver. Madame then said, she believed it was not
too late to gain admittance that night to the Chatelet; and as she
knew how anxiously her husband wished to see Adeline, she
entreated her consent to go thither. Adeline, though much harassed
and fatigued, complied. When Louis returned from M. Nemours, his
father's advocate, whom he had hastened to inform of her arrival,
they all set out for the Chatelet. The view of the prison into which
they were now admitted, so forcibly recalled to Adeline's mind the
situation of Theodore, that she with difficulty supported herself to
the apartment of La Motte. When he saw her, a gleam of joy passed
over his countenance; but again relapsing into despondency, he
looked mournfully at her, and then at Louis, and groaned deeply.
Adeline, in whom all remembrance of his former cruelty was lost in
his subsequent kindness, expressed her thankfulness for the life he
had preserved, and her anxiety to serve him, in warm and repeated
terms. But her gratitude evidently distressed him; instead of
reconciling him to himself, it seemed to awaken a remembrance of
the guilty designs he had once assisted, and to strike the pangs of
conscience deeper in his heart. Endeavouring to conceal his
emotions, he entered on the subject of his present danger, and
informed Adeline what testimony would be required of her on the
trial. After above an hour's conversation with La Motte, she returned
to the lodgings of Madame, where, languid and ill, she withdrew to
her chamber, and tried to obliviate her anxieties in sleep.
The Parliament which conducted the trial re-assembled in a few days
after the arrival of Adeline, and the two remaining witnesses of the
Marquis, on whom he now rested his cause against La Motte,
appeared. She was led trembling into the court, where almost the
first object that met her eyes was the Marquis de Montalt, whom she
now beheld with an emotion entirely new to her, and which was
strongly tinctured with horror. When Du Bosse saw her he
immediately swore to her identity; his testimony was confirmed by
her manner; for, on perceiving him she grew pale, and an universal
tremor seized her. Jean D'Aunoy could no where be found, and La
Motte was thus deprived of an evidence which essentially affected
his interest. Adeline, when called upon, gave her little narrative with
clearness and precision; and Peter, who had conveyed her from the
abbey, supported the testimony she offered. The evidence produced
was sufficient to criminate the Marquis of the intention of murder, in
the minds of most people present; but it was not sufficient to affect
the testimony of his two last witnesses, who positively swore to the
commission of the robbery, and to the person of La Motte, on whom
sentence of death was accordingly pronounced. On receiving the
sentence the unhappy criminal fainted, and the compassion of the
assembly, whose feelings had been unusually interested in the
decision, was expressed in a general groan.
Their attention was quickly called to a new object—it was Jean
D'Aunoy, who now entered the court. But his evidence, if it could
ever, indeed, have been the means of saving La Motte, came too
late. He was reconducted to prison; but Adeline, who, extremely
shocked by his sentence, was much indisposed, received orders to
remain in the court during the examination of D'Aunoy. This man
had been at length found in the prison of a provincial town, where
some of his creditors had thrown him, and from which even the
money which the Marquis had remitted to him for the purpose of
satisfying the craving importunities of Du Bosse, had been
insufficient to release him. Meanwhile the revenge of the latter had
been roused against the Marquis by an imaginary neglect, and the
money which was designed to relieve his necessities, was spent by
D'Aunoy in riotous luxury.
He was confronted with Adeline and with Du Bosse, and ordered to
confess all he knew concerning this mysterious affair, or to undergo
the torture. D'Aunoy, who was ignorant how far the suspicions
concerning the Marquis extended, and who was conscious that his
own words might condemn him, remained for some time obstinately
silent; but when the question was administered, his resolution gave
way, and he confessed a crime of which he had not even been
suspected.
It appeared, that, in the year 1642, D'Aunoy, together with one
Jaques Martigny, and Francis Balliere, had way-laid and seized Henri,
Marquis de Montalt, half-brother to Philippe; and after having robbed
him, and bound his servant to a tree, according to the orders they
had received, they conveyed him to the abbey of St. Clair, in the
distant forest of Fontanville. Here he was confined for some time, till
further directions were received from Philippe de Montalt, the
present Marquis, who was then on his estates in a northern province
of France. These orders were for death, and the unfortunate Henri
was assassinated in his chamber in the third week of his
confinement at the abbey.
On hearing this, Adeline grew faint: she remembered the MS. she
had found, together with the extraordinary circumstances that had
attended the discovery; every nerve thrilled with horror, and, raising
her eyes, she saw the countenance of the Marquis overspread with
the livid paleness of guilt. She endeavoured, however, to arrest her
fleeting spirits while the man proceeded in his confession.
When the murder was perpetrated, D'Aunoy had returned to his
employer, who gave him the reward agreed upon, and in a few
months after delivered into his hands the infant daughter of the late
Marquis, whom he conveyed to a distant part of the kingdom,
where, assuming the name of St. Pierre, he brought her up as his
own child, receiving from the present Marquis a considerable annuity
for his secrecy.
Adeline, no longer able to struggle with the tumult of emotions that
now rushed upon her heart, uttered a deep sigh and fainted away.
She was carried from the court; and when the confusion occasioned
by this circumstance subsided, Jean D'Aunoy went on. He related,
that on the death of his wife, Adeline was placed in a convent, from
whence she was afterwards removed to another, where the Marquis
had destined her to receive the vows. That her determined rejection
of them had occasioned him to resolve upon her death, and that she
had accordingly been removed to the house on the heath. D'Aunoy
added, that by the Marquis's order he had misled Du Bosse with a
false story of her birth. Having, after some time, discovered that his
comrades had deceived him concerning her death, D'Aunoy
separated from them in enmity; but they unanimously determined to
conceal her escape from the Marquis, that they might enjoy the
recompense of their supposed crime. Some months subsequent to
this period, however, D'Aunoy received a letter from the Marquis,
charging him with the truth, and promising him a large reward if he
would confess where he had placed Adeline. In consequence of this
letter, he acknowledged that she had been given into the hands of a
stranger; but, who he was, or where he lived, was not known.
Upon these depositions Philippe de Montalt was committed to take
his trial for the murder of Henri, his brother; D'Aunoy was thrown
into a dungeon of the Chatelet, and Du Bosse was bound to appear
as evidence.
The feelings of the Marquis, who, in a prosecution stimulated by
revenge, had thus unexpectedly exposed his crimes to the public
eye, and betrayed himself to justice, can only be imagined. The
passions which had tempted him to the commission of a crime so
horrid as that of murder,—and what, if possible, heightened its
atrocity, the murder of one connected with him by the ties of blood,
and by habits of even infantine association—the passions which had
stimulated him to so monstrous a deed, were ambition and the love
of pleasure. The first was more immediately gratified by the title of
his brother; the latter, by the riches which would enable him to
indulge his voluptuous inclinations.
The late Marquis de Montalt, the father of Adeline, received from his
ancestors a patrimony very inadequate to support the splendour of
his rank; but he had married the heiress of an illustrious family,
whose fortune amply supplied the deficiency of his own. He had the
misfortune to lose her, for she was amiable and beautiful, soon after
the birth of a daughter, and it was then that the present Marquis
formed the diabolical design of destroying his brother. The contrast
of their characters prevented that cordial regard between them
which their near relationship seemed to demand. Henri was
benevolent, mild, and contemplative. In his heart reigned the love of
virtue; in his manners the strictness of justice was tempered, not
weakened, by mercy; his mind was enlarged by science, and
adorned by elegant literature. The character of Philippe has been
already delineated in his actions; its nicer shades were blended with
some shining tints; but these served only to render more striking by
contrast the general darkness of the portrait.
He had married a lady, who, by the death of her brother, inherited
considerable estates, of which the abbey of St. Clair, and the villa on
the borders of the forest of Fontanville, were the chief. His passion
for magnificence and dissipation, however, soon involved him in
difficulties, and pointed out to him the conveniency of possessing his
brother's wealth. His brother and his infant daughter only stood
between him and his wishes; how he removed the father has been
already related; why he did not employ the same means to secure
the child, seems somewhat surprising, unless we admit that a
destiny hung over him on this occasion, and that she was suffered to
live as an instrument to punish the murderer of her parent. When a
retrospect is taken of the vicissitudes and dangers to which she had
been exposed from her earliest infancy, it appears as if her
preservation was the effect of something more than human policy,
and affords a striking instance, that justice, however long delayed,
will overtake the guilty.
While the late unhappy Marquis was suffering at the abbey, his
brother, who, to avoid suspicion, remained in the north of France,
delayed the execution of his horrid purpose from a timidity natural to
a mind not yet inured to enormous guilt. Before he dared to deliver
his final orders, he waited to know whether the story he contrived to
propagate of his brother's death would veil his crime from suspicion.
It succeeded but too well; for the servant, whose life had been
spared that he might relate the tale, naturally enough concluded
that his lord had been murdered by banditti; and the peasant, who,
a few hours after, found the servant wounded, bleeding, and bound
to a tree, and knew also that this spot was infested by robbers, as
naturally believed him, and spread the report accordingly.
From this period the Marquis, to whom the abbey of St. Clair
belonged in right of his wife, visited it only twice, and that at distant
times, till, after an interval of several years, he accidentally found La
Motte its inhabitant. He resided at Paris and on his estate in the
north, except that once a year he usually passed a month at his
delightful villa on the borders of the forest. In the busy scenes of the
court, and in the dissipations of pleasure, he tried to lose the
remembrance of his guilt; but there were times when the voice of
conscience would be heard, though it was soon again lost in the
tumult of the world.
It is probable, that on the night of his abrupt departure from the
abbey, the solitary silence and gloom of the hour, in a place which
had been the scene of his former crime, called up the remembrance
of his brother with a force too powerful for fancy, and awakened
horrors which compelled him to quit the polluted spot. If it was so, it
is however certain that the spectres of conscience vanished with the
darkness; for on the following day he returned to the abbey, though,
it may be observed, he never attempted to pass another night there.
But though terror was roused for a transient moment, neither pity
nor repentance succeeded; since, when the discovery of Adeline's
birth excited apprehension for his own life, he did not hesitate to
repeat the crime, and would again have stained his soul with human
blood. This discovery was effected by means of a seal bearing the
arms of her mother's family, which was impressed on the note his
servant had found, and had delivered to him at Caux. It may be
remembered, that having read this note, he was throwing it from
him in the fury of jealousy; but, that after examining it again, it was
carefully deposited in his pocket-book. The violent agitation which a
suspicion of this terrible truth occasioned, deprived him for awhile of
all power to act. When he was well enough to write, he dispatched a
letter to D'Aunoy, the purport of which has been already mentioned.
From D'Aunoy he received the confirmation of his fears. Knowing
that his life must pay the forfeiture of his crime, should Adeline ever
obtain a knowledge of her birth, and not daring again to confide in
the secrecy of a man who had once deceived him, he resolved, after
some deliberation, on her death. He immediately set out for the
abbey, and gave those directions concerning her which terror for his
own safety, still more than a desire of retaining her estates,
suggested.
As the history of the seal which revealed the birth of Adeline is
rather remarkable, it may not be amiss to mention, that it was stolen
from the Marquis, together with a gold watch, by Jean D'Aunoy: the
watch was soon disposed of, but the seal had been kept as a pretty
trinket by his wife, and at her death went with Adeline among her
clothes to the convent. Adeline had carefully preserved it, because it
had once belonged to the woman whom she believed to have been
her mother.

CHAPTER XXIV

While anxious doubt distracts the tortured heart.

We now return to the course of the narrative, and to Adeline, who

was carried from the court to the lodging of Madame de La Motte.
Madame was, however, at the Chatelet with her husband, suffering
all the distress which the sentence pronounced against him might be
supposed to inflict. The feeble frame of Adeline, so long harassed by
grief and fatigue, almost sunk under the agitation which the
discovery of her birth excited. Her feelings on this occasion were too
complex to be analysed. From an orphan, subsisting on the bounty
of others, without family, with few friends, and pursued by a cruel
and powerful enemy, she saw herself suddenly transformed to the
daughter of an illustrious house, and the heiress of immense wealth.
But she learned also that her father had been murdered—murdered
in the prime of his days—murdered by means of his brother, against
whom she must now appear, and in punishing the destroyer of her
parent, doom her uncle to death.
When she remembered the manuscript so singularly found, and
considered that when she wept to the sufferings it described, her
tears had flowed for those of her father, her emotion cannot easily
be imagined. The circumstances attending the discovery of these
papers no longer appeared to be a work of chance, but of a Power
whose designs are great and just. O, my father! she would exclaim,
your last wish is fulfilled—the pitying heart you wished might trace
your sufferings shall avenge them.
On the return of Madame La Motte, Adeline endeavoured, as usual,
to suppress her own emotions, that she might soothe the affliction
of her friend. She related what had passed in the courts after the
departure of La Motte, and thus excited, even in the sorrowful heart
of Madame, a momentary gleam of satisfaction. Adeline determined
to recover, if possible, the manuscript. On inquiry she learned that La
Motte, in the confusion of his departure, had left it among other
things at the abbey. This circumstance much distressed her, the
more so because she believed its appearance might be of
importance on the approaching trial; she determined, however, if she
could recover her rights, to have the manuscript sought for.
In the evening Louis joined this mournful party: he came
immediately from his father, whom he left more tranquil than he had
been since the fatal sentence was pronounced. After a silent and
melancholy supper they separated for the night; and Adeline, in the
solitude of her chamber, had leisure to meditate on the discoveries
of this eventful day. The sufferings of her dead father, such as she
had read them recorded by his own hand, pressed most forcibly to
her thoughts. The narrative had formerly so much affected her
heart, and interested her imagination, that her memory now
faithfully reflected each particular circumstance there disclosed. But
when she considered that she had been in the very chamber where
her parent had suffered, where even his life had been sacrificed, and
that she had probably seen the very dagger, seen it stained with
rust, the rust of blood! by which he had fallen, the anguish and
horror of her mind defied all control.
On the following day Adeline received orders to prepare for the
prosecution of the Marquis de Montalt, which was to commence as
soon as the requisite witnesses could be collected. Among these
were the abbess of the convent, who had received her from the
hands of D'Aunoy; Madame La Motte, who was present when Du
Bosse compelled her husband to receive Adeline; and Peter, who had
not only been witness to this circumstance, but who had conveyed
her from the abbey that she might escape the designs of the
Marquis. La Motte and Theodore La Luc were incapacitated by the
sentence of the law from appearing on the trial.
When La Motte was informed of the discovery of Adeline's birth, and
that her father had been murdered at the abbey of St. Clair, he
instantly remembered, and mentioned to his wife, the skeleton he
found in the stone room leading to the subterranean cells. Neither of
them doubted, from the situation in which it lay, hid in a chest in an
obscure room strongly guarded, that La Motte had seen the remains
of the late Marquis. Madame, however, determined not to shock
Adeline with the mention of this circumstance till it should be
necessary to declare it on the trial.
As the time of this trial drew near, the distress and agitation of
Adeline increased. Though justice demanded the life of the
murderer, and though the tenderness and pity which the idea of her
father called forth, urged her to revenge his death, she could not
without horror consider herself as the instrument of dispensing that
justice which would deprive a fellow-being of existence; and there
were times when she wished the secret of her birth had never been
revealed. If this sensibility was, in her peculiar circumstances, a
weakness, it was at least an amiable one, and as such deserves to
be reverenced.
The accounts she received from Vaceau of the health of M. La Luc
did not contribute to tranquillize her mind. The symptoms described
by Clara seemed to say that he was in the last stage of a
consumption, and the grief of Theodore and herself on this occasion
was expressed in her letters with the lively eloquence so natural to
her. Adeline loved and revered La Luc for his own worth, and for the
parental tenderness he had shown her; but he was still dearer to her
as the father of Theodore and her concern for his declining state
was not inferior to that of his children. It was increased by the
reflection that she had probably been the means of shortening his
life; for she too well knew that the distress occasioned him by the
situation in which it had been her misfortune to involve Theodore,
had shattered his frame to its present infirmity. The same cause also
withheld him from seeking in the climate of Montpellier the relief he
had formerly been taught to expect there. When she looked around
on the condition of her friends, her heart was almost overwhelmed
with the prospect; it seemed as if she was destined to involve all
those most dear to her in calamity. With respect to La Motte,
whatever were his vices, and whatever the designs in which he had
formerly engaged against her, she forgot them all in the service he
had finally rendered her; and considered it to be as much her duty,
as she felt it to be her inclination, to intercede in his behalf. This,
however, in her present situation, she could not do with any hope of
success; but if the suit, upon which depended the establishment of
her rank, her fortune, and consequently her influence, should be
decided in her favour, she determined to throw herself at the king's
feet, and when she pleaded the cause of Theodore, ask the life of La
Motte.
A few days preceding that of the trial, Adeline was informed a
stranger desired to speak with her; and on going to the room where
he was, she found M. Verneuil. Her countenance expressed both
surprise and satisfaction at this unexpected meeting, and she
inquired, though with little expectation of an affirmative, if he had
heard of M. La Luc. I have seen him, said M. Verneuil; I am just
come from Vaceau: but, I am sorry I cannot give you a better
account of his health; he is greatly altered since I saw him before.
Adeline could scarcely refrain from tears at the recollection these
words revived of the calamities which had occasioned this lamented
change. M. Verneuil delivered her a packet from Clara. As he
presented it, he said, besides this introduction to your notice, I have
a claim of a different kind, which I am proud to assert, and which
will perhaps justify the permission I ask of speaking upon your
affairs.—Adeline bowed; and M. Verneuil, with a countenance
expressive of the most tender solicitude, added, that he had heard
of the late proceedings of the Parliament of Paris, and of the
discoveries that so intimately concerned her. I know not, continued
he, whether I ought to congratulate or condole with you on this
trying occasion. That I sincerely sympathize in all that concerns you
I hope you will believe, and I cannot deny myself the pleasure of
telling you that I am related, though distantly, to the late
Marchioness your mother—for that she was your mother I cannot
doubt.
Adeline rose hastily and advanced towards M. Verneuil; surprise and
satisfaction reanimated her features. Do I indeed see a relation? said
she in a sweet and tremulous voice; and one whom I can welcome
as a friend? Tears trembled in her eyes; and she received M.
Verneuil's embrace in silence. It was some time before her emotion
would permit her to speak.
To Adeline, who from her earliest infancy had been abandoned to
strangers, a forlorn and helpless orphan; who had never till lately
known a relation, and who then found one in the person of an
inveterate enemy; to her this discovery was as delightful as
unexpected. But, after struggling for some time with the various
emotions that pressed upon her heart, she begged of M. Verneuil
permission to withdraw till she could recover composure. He would
have taken leave, but she entreated him not to go.
The interest which M. Verneuil took in the concerns of La Luc, which
was strengthened by his increasing regard for Clara, had drawn him
to Vaceau, where he was informed of the family and peculiar
circumstances of Adeline. On receiving this intelligence he
immediately set out for Paris, to offer his protection and assistance
to his newly-discovered relation, and to aid, if possible, the cause of
Theodore.
Adeline in a short time returned, and could then bear to converse on
the subject of her family. M. Verneuil offered her his support and
assistance, if they should be found necessary. But I trust, added he,
to the justice of your cause, and hope it will not require any
adventitious aid. To those who remember the late Marchioness, your
features bring sufficient evidence of your birth. As a proof that my
judgment in this instance is not biassed by prejudice, the
resemblance struck me when I was in Savoy, though I knew the
Marchioness only by her portrait; and I believe I mentioned to M. La
Luc that you often reminded me of a deceased relation. You may
form some judgment of this yourself, added M. Verneuil, taking a
miniature from his pocket. This was your amiable mother.
Adeline's countenance changed; she received the picture eagerly,
gazed on it for a long time in silence, and her eyes filled with tears.
It was not the resemblance she studied; but the countenance—the
mild and beautiful countenance of her parent, whose blue eyes, full
of tender sweetness, seemed bent upon hers, while a soft smile
played on her lips; Adeline pressed the picture to hers, and again
gazed in silent reverie. At length, with a deep sigh, she said. This
surely was my mother. Had she but lived—O, my poor father! you
had been spared. This reflection quite overcame her, and she burst
into tears. M. Verneuil did not interrupt her grief, but took her hand
and sat by her without speaking, till she became more composed.
Again kissing the picture, she held it out to him with a hesitating
look. No, said he, it is already with its true owner. She thanked him
with a smile of ineffable sweetness; and after some conversation on
the subject of the approaching trial, on which occasion she
requested M. Verneuil would support her by his presence, he
withdrew, having begged leave to repeat his visit on the following
day.
Adeline now opened her packet, and saw once more the well known
characters of Theodore: for a moment She felt as if in his presence,
and the conscious blush overspread her cheek. With a trembling
hand she broke the seal, and read the tenderest assurances and
solicitudes of his love. She often paused that she might prolong the
sweet emotions which these assurances awakened; but while tears
of tenderness stood trembling on her eyelids, the bitter recollection
of his situation would return, and they fell in anguish on her bosom.
He congratulated her, and with peculiar delicacy, on the prospects of
life which were opening to her; said, every thing that might tend to
animate and support her, but avoided dwelling on his own
circumstances, except by expressing his sense of the zeal and
kindness of his commanding officer, and adding that he did not
despair of finally obtaining a pardon.
This hope, though but faintly expressed, and written evidently for
the purpose of consoling Adeline, did not entirely fail of the desired
effect. She yielded to its enchanting influence, and forgot for awhile
the many subjects of care and anxiety which surrounded her.
Theodore said little of his father's health; what he did say was by no
means so discouraging as the accounts of Clara, who, less anxious
to conceal a truth that must give pain to Adeline, expressed without
reserve all her apprehension and concern.

CHAPTER XXV

...... Heaven is just!

And, when the measure of his crimes is full,
Will bare its red right arm, and launch its lightnings.
MASON.

The day of the trial so anxiously awaited, and on which the fate of
so many persons depended, at length arrived. Adeline, accompanied
by M. Verneuil and Madame La Motte, appeared as the prosecutor of
the Marquis de Montalt; and D'Aunoy, Du Bosse, Louis de La Motte,
and several other persons, as witnesses in her cause. The judges
were some of the most distinguished in France, and the advocates
on both sides men of eminent abilities. On a trial of such importance
the court, as may be imagined, was crowded with persons of
distinction, and the spectacle it presented was strikingly solemn, yet
magnificent.
When she appeared before the tribunal, Adeline's emotion surpassed
all the arts of disguise; but, adding to the natural dignity of her air
an expression of soft timidity, and to her downcast eyes a sweet
confusion, it rendered her an object still more interesting; and she
attracted the universal pity and admiration of the assembly. When
she ventured to raise her eyes, she perceived that the Marquis was
not yet in the court; and while she awaited his appearance in
trembling expectation, a confused murmuring rose in a distant part
of the hall. Her spirits now almost forsook her; the certainty of
seeing immediately, and consciously, the murderer of her father,
chilled her with horror, and she was with difficulty preserved from
fainting. A low sound now ran through the court, and an air of
confusion appeared, which was soon communicated to the tribunal
itself. Several of the members arose, some left the hall, the whole
place exhibited a scene of disorder, and a report at length reached
Adeline that the Marquis de Montalt was dying. A considerable time
elapsed in uncertainty: but the confusion continued; the Marquis did
not appear, and at Adeline's request M. Verneuil went in quest of
more positive information.
He followed a crowd which was hurrying towards the Chatelet, and
with some difficulty gained admittance into the prison; but the
porter at the gate, whom he had bribed for a passport, could give
him no certain information on the subject of his inquiry, and not
being at liberty to quit his post, furnished M. Verneuil with only a
vague direction to the Marquis's apartment. The courts were silent
and deserted; but as he advanced, a distant hum of voices led him
on, till, perceiving several persons running towards a staircase which
appeared beyond the archway of a long passage, he followed thither,
and learned that the Marquis was certainly dying. The staircase was
filled with people; he endeavoured to press through the crowd, and
after much struggle and difficulty he reached the door of an ante-
room which communicated with the apartment where the Marquis
lay, and whence several persons now issued. Here he learned that
the object of his inquiry was already dead. M. Verneuil, however,
pressed through the ante-room to the chamber where lay the
Marquis on a bed surrounded by officers of the law, and two
notaries, who appeared to have been taking down depositions. His
countenance was suffused with a black and deadly hue, and
impressed with the horrors of death. M. Verneuil turned away,
shocked by the spectacle; and on inquiry heard that the Marquis had
died by poison.
It appeared that, convinced he had nothing to hope from his trial, he
had taken this method of avoiding an ignominious death. In the last
hours of life, while tortured with the remembrance of his crime, he
resolved to make all the atonement that remained for him; and
having swallowed the potion, he immediately sent for a confessor to
take a full confession of his guilt, and two notaries, and thus
establish Adeline beyond dispute in the rights of her birth: and also
bequeathed her a considerable legacy.
In consequence of these depositions she was soon after formally
acknowledged as the daughter and heiress of Henri, Marquis de
Montalt, and the rich estates of her father were restored to her. She
immediately threw herself at the feet of the king in behalf of
Theodore and of La Motte. The character of the former, the cause in
which he had risked his life, the occasion of the late Marquis's
enmity towards him, were circumstances so notorious and so
forcible, that it is more than probable the monarch would have
granted his pardon to a pleader less irresistible than was Adeline de
Montalt. Theodore La Luc not only received an ample pardon, but, in
consideration of his gallant conduct towards Adeline, he was soon
after raised to a post of considerable rank in the army.
For La Motte, who had been condemned for the robbery on full
evidence, and who had been also charged with the crime which had
formerly compelled him to quit Paris, a pardon could not be
obtained; but, at the earnest supplication of Adeline, and in
consideration of the service he had finally rendered her, his sentence
was softened from death to banishment. This indulgence, however,
would have availed him little, had not the noble generosity of
Adeline silenced other prosecutions that were preparing against him,
and bestowed on him a sum more than sufficient to support his
family in a foreign country. This kindness operated so powerfully
upon his heart, which had been betrayed through weakness rather
than natural depravity, and awakened so keen a remorse for the
injuries he had once meditated against a benefactress so noble, that
his former habits became odious to him, and his character gradually
recovered the hue which it would probably always have worn had he
never been exposed to the tempting dissipations of Paris.
The passion which Louis had so long owned for Adeline was raised
almost to adoration by her late conduct; but he now relinquished
even the faint hope which he had hitherto almost unconsciously
cherished; and since the life which was granted to Theodore
rendered this sacrifice necessary, he could not repine. He resolved,
however, to seek in absence the tranquillity he had lost, and to place
his future happiness on that of two persons so deservedly dear to
him.
On the eve of his departure, La Motte and his family took a very
affecting leave of Adeline; he left Paris for England, where it was his
design to settle; and Louis, who was eager to fly from her
enchantments, set out on the same day for his regiment.
Adeline remained some time at Paris to settle her affairs, where she
was introduced by M. Verneuil to the few and distant relations that
remained of her family. Among these were the Count and Countess
D——, and the Monsieur Amand who had so much engaged her pity
and esteem at Nice. The lady whose death he lamented was of the
family of De Montalt; and the resemblance which he had traced
between her features and those of Adeline, her cousin, was
something more than the effect of fancy. The death of his elder
brother had abruptly recalled him from Italy; but Adeline had the
satisfaction to observe, that the heavy melancholy which formerly
oppressed him, had yielded to a sort of placid resignation, and that
his countenance was often enlivened by a transient gleam of
cheerfulness.
The Count and Countess D——, who were much interested by her
goodness and beauty, invited her to make their hotel her residence
while she remained at Paris.
Her first care was to have the remains of her parent removed from
the abbey of St. Clair, and deposited in the vault of his ancestors.
D'Aunoy was tried, condemned, and hanged, for the murder. At the
place of execution he had described the spot where the remains of
the Marquis were concealed, which was in the stone room already
mentioned belonging to the abbey. M. Verneuil accompanied the
officers appointed for the search, and attended the ashes of the
Marquis to St. Maur, an estate in one of the northern provinces.
There they were deposited with the solemn funeral pomp becoming
his rank; Adeline attended as chief mourner; and this last duty paid
to the memory of her parent, she became more tranquil and
resigned. The MS. that recorded his sufferings had been found at the
abbey, and delivered to her by M. Verneuil, and she preserved it with
the pious enthusiasm so sacred a relique deserved.
On her return to Paris, Theodore La Luc, who was come from
Montpellier, awaited her arrival. The happiness of this meeting was
clouded by the account he brought of his father, whose extreme
danger had alone withheld him from hastening the moment he
obtained his liberty to thank Adeline for the life she had preserved.
She now received him as the friend to whom she was indebted for
her preservation, and as the lover who deserved and possessed her
tenderest affection. The remembrance of the circumstances under
which they had last met, and of their mutual anguish, rendered
more exquisite the happiness of the present moments, when, no
longer oppressed by the horrid prospect of ignominious death and
final separation, they looked forward only to the smiling days that
awaited them, when hand in hand they should tread the flowery
scenes of life. The contrast which memory drew of the past with the
present, frequently drew tears of tenderness and gratitude to their
eyes; and the sweet smile which seemed struggling to dispel from
the countenance of Adeline those gems of sorrow, penetrated the
heart of Theodore, and brought to his recollection a little song which
in other circumstances he had formerly sung to her. He took up a
lute that lay on the table, and touching the dulcet chords,
accompanied it with the following words:—

SONG

The rose that weeps with morning dew,

And glitters in the sunny ray,
In tears and smiles resembles you,
When Love breaks sorrow's cloud away.

The dews that bend the blushing flower

Enrich the scent—renew the glow;
So Love's sweet tears exalt his power,
So bliss more brightly shines by woe!

Her affection for Theodore had induced Adeline to reject several

suitors whom her goodness, beauty, and wealth, had already
attracted, and who, though infinitely his superiors in point of
fortune, were many of them inferior to him in family, and all of them
in merit.
The various and tumultuous emotions which the late events had
called forth in the bosom of Adeline were now subsided; but the
memory of her father still tinctured her mind with a melancholy that
time only could subdue; and she refused to listen to the
supplications of Theodore, till the period she had prescribed for her
mourning should be expired. The necessity of rejoining his regiment
obliged him to leave Paris within the fortnight after his arrival; but
he carried with him assurance of receiving her hand soon after she
should lay aside her sable habit, and departed therefore with
tolerable composure.
M. La Luc's very precarious state was a source of incessant
disquietude to Adeline, and she determined to accompany M.
Verneuil, who was now the declared lover of Clara, to Montpellier,
whither La Luc had immediately gone on the liberation of his son.
For this journey she was preparing, when she received from her
friend a flattering account of his amendment; and as some further
settlement of her affairs required her presence at Paris, she deferred
her design, and M. Verneuil departed alone.
When Theodore's affairs assumed a more favourable aspect, M.
Verneuil had written to La Luc, and communicated to him the secret
of his heart respecting Clara. La Luc, who admired and esteemed M.
Verneuil, and who was not ignorant of his family connexions, was
pleased with the proposed alliance. Clara thought she had never
seen any person whom she was so much inclined to love; and M.
Verneuil received an answer favourable to his wishes, and which
encouraged him to undertake the present journey to Montpellier.
The restoration of his happiness and the climate of Montpellier did
all for the health of La Luc that his most anxious friends could wish,
and he was at length so far recovered as to visit Adeline at her
estate of St. Maur. Clara and M. Verneuil accompanied him, and a
cessation of hostilities between France and Spain soon after
permitted Theodore to join this happy party. When La Luc, thus
restored to those most dear to him, looked back on the miseries he
had escaped, and forward to the blessings that awaited him, his
heart dilated with emotions of exquisite joy and gratitude; and his
venerable countenance, softened by an expression of complacent
delight, exhibited a perfect picture of happy age.
 CHAPTER XXVI

Last came Joy's ecstatic trial:—

They would have thought who heard the strain,

They saw in Tempe's vale her native maids
Amidst the festal sounding shades,
To some unwearied minstrel dancing,
While as his flying fingers kiss'd the strings,
Love framed with mirth a gay fantastic round.
ODE TO THE PASSIONS.

Adeline, in the society of friends so beloved, lost the impression of

that melancholy which the fate of her parent had occasioned: she
recovered all her natural vivacity; and when she threw off the
mourning habit which filial piety had required her to assume, she
gave her hand to Theodore. The nuptials, which were celebrated at
St. Maur, were graced by the presence of the Count and Countess D
——; and La Luc had the supreme felicity of confirming on the same
day the flattering destinies of both his children. When the ceremony
was over, he blessed and embraced them all with tears of fatherly
affection. I thank thee, O God! that I have been permitted to see
this hour, said he; whenever it shall please thee to call me hence, I
shall depart in peace.
Long, very long, may you be spared to bless your children! replied
Adeline. Clara kissed her father's hand and wept: Long, very long!
she repeated in a voice scarcely audible. La Luc smiled cheerfully,
and turned the conversation to a subject less affecting.
But the time now drew nigh when La Luc thought it necessary to
return to the duties of his parish, from which he had so long been
absent. Madame La Luc too, who had attended him during the
period of his danger at Montpellier, and hence returned to Savoy,
complained much of the solitude of her life; and this was with her
brother an additional motive for his speedy departure. Theodore and
Adeline, who could not support the thought of a separation,
endeavoured to persuade him to give up his chateau, and to reside
with them in France; but he was held by many ties to Leloncourt.
For many years he had constituted the comfort and happiness of his
parishioners; they revered and loved him as a father—he regarded
them with an affection little short of parental. The attachment they
discovered towards him on his departure was not forgotten either; it
had made a deep impression on his mind, and he could not bear the
thought of forsaking them now that Heaven had showered on him its
abundance. It is sweet to live for them, said he, and I will also die
amongst them. A sentiment also of a more tender nature,—(and let
not the stoic profane it with the name of weakness, or the man of
the world scorn it as unnatural)—a sentiment still more tender
attached him to Leloncourt,—the remains of his wife reposed there.
Since La Luc would not reside in France, Theodore and Adeline, to
whom the splendid gaieties that courted them at Paris, were very
inferior temptations to the sweet domestic pleasures and refined
society which Leloncourt would afford, determined to accompany La
Luc and Monsieur and Madame Verneuil abroad. Adeline arranged
her affairs so as to render her residence in France unnecessary; and
having bid an affectionate adieu to the Count and Countess D——,
and to M. Amand, who had recovered a tolerable degree of
cheerfulness, she departed with her friends for Savoy.
They travelled leisurely, and frequently turned out of their way to
view whatever was worthy of observation. After a long and pleasant
journey they came once more within view of the Swiss mountains,
the sight of which revived a thousand interesting recollections in the
mind of Adeline. She remembered the circumstances and the
sensations under which she had first seen them—when an orphan,
flying from persecution to seek shelter among strangers, and lost to
the only person on earth whom she loved—she remembered this,
and the contrast of the present moment struck with all its force upon
her heart.
The countenance of Clara brightened into smiles of the most
animated delight as she drew near the beloved scenes of her infant
pleasures; and Theodore, often looking from the windows, caught
with patriotic enthusiasm the magnificent and changing scenery
which the receding mountains successively disclosed.
It was evening when they approached within a few miles of
Leloncourt, and the road winding round the foot of a stupendous
crag, presented them a full view of the lake, and of the peaceful
dwelling of La Luc. An exclamation of joy from the whole party
announced the discovery, and the glance of pleasure was reflected
from every eye. The sun's last light gleamed upon the waters that
reposed in "crystal purity" below, mellowed every feature of the
landscape, and touched with purple splendour the clouds that rolled
along the mountain tops.
La Luc welcomed his family to his happy home, and sent up a silent
thanksgiving that he was permitted thus to return to it. Adeline
continued to gaze upon each well known object; and again reflecting
on the vicissitudes of grief and joy, and the surprising change of
fortune which she had experienced since last she saw them, her
heart dilated with gratitude and complacent delight. She looked at
Theodore, whom in these very scenes she had lamented as lost to
her for ever; who, when found again, was about to be torn from her
by an ignominious death; but, who now sat by her side her secure
and happy husband, the pride of his family and herself; and while
the sensibility of her heart flowed in tears from her eyes, a smile of
ineffable tenderness told him all she felt. He gently pressed her
hand, and answered her with a look of love.
Peter, who now rode up to the carriage with a face fall of joy and of
importance, interrupted a course of sentiment which was become
almost too interesting. Ah! my dear master! cried he, welcome home
again. Here is the village, God bless it! It is worth a million such
places as Paris. Thank St. Jaques, we are all come safe back again.
This effusion of honest Peter's joy was received and answered with
the kindness it deserved. As they drew near the lake, music sounded
over the water, and they presently saw a large party of the villagers
assembled on a green spot that sloped to the very margin of the
waves, and dancing in all their holiday finery. It was the evening of a
festival. The elder peasants sat under the shade of the trees that
crowned this little eminence, eating milk and fruits, and watching
their sons and daughters frisk it away to the sprightly notes of the
tabor and pipe, which was joined by the softer tones of a mandolin.
The scene was highly interesting; and what added to its picturesque
beauty was a group of cattle that stood, some on the brink, some
half in the water, and others reposing on the green bank, while
several peasant girls, dressed in the neat simplicity of their country,
were dispensing the milky feast. Peter now rode on first, and a
crowd soon collected round him, who, learning that their beloved
master was at hand, went forth to meet and welcome him. Their
warm and honest expressions of joy diffused an exquisite
satisfaction over the heart of the good La Luc, who met them with
the kindness of a father, and could scarcely forbear shedding tears to
this testimony of their attachment. When the younger part of the
peasants heard the news of his arrival, the general joy was such,
that, led by the tabor and pipe, they danced before his carriage to
the chateau, where they again welcomed him and his family with the
enlivening strains of music. At the gate of the chateau they were
received by Madame La Luc,—and a happier party never met.
As the evening was uncommonly mild and beautiful, supper was
spread in the garden. When the repast was over, Clara, whose heart
was all glee, proposed a dance by moonlight. It will be delicious,
said she; the moonbeams are already dancing on the waters. See
what a stream of radiance they throw across the lake, and how they
sparkle round that little promontory on the left. The freshness of the
hour too invites to dancing.
They all agreed to the proposal.—And let the good people who have
so heartily welcomed us home be called in too, said La Luc: they
shall all partake our happiness: there is devotion in making others
happy, and gratitude ought to make us devout. Peter, bring more
wine, and set some tables under the trees. Peter flew; and while
chairs and tables were placing, Clara ran for her favourite lute, the
lute which had formerly afforded her such delight, and which Adeline
had often touched with a melancholy expression. Clara's light hand
now ran over the chords, and drew forth tones of tender sweetness,
her voice accompanying the following:

AIR

Now at Moonlight's fairy hoar,

When faintly gleams each dewy steep,
And vale and mountain, lake and bower,
In solitary grandeur sleep;

When slowly sinks the evening breeze,

That lulls the mind in pensive care,
And Fancy loftier visions sees,
Bid music wake the silent air:

Bid the merry merry tabor sound,

And with the Fays of lawn or glade
In tripping circlet beat the ground
Under the high trees' trembling shade.

"Now at Moonlight's fairy hour"

Shall Music breathe her dulcet voice,
And o'er the waves, with magic power,
Call on Echo to rejoice!

Peter, who could not move in a sober step, had already spread
refreshments under the trees, and in a short time the lawn was
encircled with peasantry. The rural pipe and tabor were placed, at
Clara's request, under the shade of her beloved acacias on the
margin of the lake; the merry notes of music sounded, Adeline led
off the dance, and the mountains answered only to the strains of
mirth and melody.