Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

𝜋
One Marks Questions(MCQ) 10. If a line makes an angle of 3 with each of 𝑥 and
1. How many set of direction ratios of any line is 𝑦 −axis, then the acute angle made by the line with
a) Two b) Three 𝑧 −axis is
c) Four d) infinitely many set 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 3
2. If 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛 are Dr cosines of a line, then
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 then direction
11. If direction angle of 𝑂𝑃
a) 𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 + 2𝑛2 = 1 b) 𝑙 2 + 2𝑚2 + 𝑛2 = 1
cosines of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑂 are
c) 2𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 = 1 d) 𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 = 1
a) cos 𝛼 , cos 𝛽 , cos 𝛾
3. If the direction cosines of a line are 𝑘, 𝑘, 𝑘 then 𝑘 is
1 1 1 b) − cos 𝛼 , − cos 𝛽 , − cos 𝛾
a) b) 1 c) d)
√3 2 3 c) ⁡𝜋 − cos 𝛼 , 𝜋 − cos 𝛽 , 𝜋 − cos 𝛾
1 1 1
4. If the direction cosines of a line are (𝑐 , 𝑐 , 𝑐 ), then d) − sin 𝛼 , − sin 𝛽 , − sin 𝛾
a) 𝑐 > 0 b) 𝑐 = ±√3 12. If 𝛼, 𝛽⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝛾 are the direction angles of a directed
c) 0 < 𝑐 < 1 d) 𝑐 > 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ then direction angles of a directed line
line 𝑂𝑃
5. If , ,  are the angles that a line makes with the ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑂⁡are
positive direction of 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 axis respectively, then a) 𝜋 − 𝛼, 𝜋 − 𝛽, 𝜋 − 𝛾 b) −𝛼, −𝛽, −𝛾
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
the direction cosines of the line are c) 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 d) 2 − 𝛼, 2 − 𝛽, 2 − 𝛾
a) sin , sin  , sin  b) cos , cos , cos  13. If 𝑙, 𝑚⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑛 are direction cosines of a directed line
c) tan , tan , tan  d) cos2 , cos2  , cos2  ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are
𝑂𝑃, then direction cosines of a directed line 𝑃𝑂
6. If a line makes the angle 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with three
a) 𝑙 − 𝑚, 𝑚 − 𝑛, 𝑛 − 𝑙 b) −𝑙, −𝑚, −𝑛
dimensional co-ordinate axes respectively, then 1 1 1
c) 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛 d) 𝑙 , 𝑚 , 𝑛
cos⁡2𝛼 + cos⁡2𝛽 + cos⁡2𝛾 =
1 √3
a) -2 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2 14. The direction cosines 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛 of a line are 0, ,
2 2
7. If a line makes the angles 900 , 600 and 300 with the then angle made by the line with the positive
positive directions of X,Y and Z axes respectively direction of 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠⁡is
find its direction cosines of line. a) 600 b) 300 c) 900 d) 450
1 √3 1 √3
a) (1, , ) b) (0, , ) 15. If the direction cosines 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛 of a line are
2 2 2 2
1 1
1 √3 1 √3 0, − , then the angle made by the line with the
c) (0, − , ) d) (0, , − ) √2 √2
2 2 2 2
𝑜 𝑜 𝑜 positive direction of Y-axis is
8. If a line makes an angle of 30 , 60 , 90 with the
a) −450 b) 1350 c) 2250 d) 450
positive direction of x, y, z-axes, respectively, then
16. The direction cosines of x-axis are
its direction cosines are
√3 1 1 √3
a) (1,0,0) b) (0,1,0)
a) ± ( 2 , 2 , 0) b) ± (2 , 2
, 0) c) (1,1,0) d) (0,0,1)
√3 1 1 √3 17. The direction cosines of y-axis are
c) ± (0, , )
2 2
d) ± (2 , 0, 2 )
a) (1,0,0) b) (0,1,0)
9. If a line makes the angles 90 , 135 and 450 with
0 0
c) (1,1,0) d) (0,0,1)
the positive directions of X,Y and Z axes respectively
18. The direction cosines of z-axis are
find its direction cosines of line.
1 1 11 a) 0,0,1 b) 0,0,1
a) 1, , b) 1, ⁡,
√2 √2 2√2 c) 1,0,0 d) 0,0,0
1 1 1 1
c) 0⁡, 2 , 2 d) 0⁡, − 2 , 2 19. The direction cosines of a line parallel to x-axis at a
√ √ √ √
distance 2 units above 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 are
a) (2,0,0) b) (1,0,0)
c) (−2,0,0) d) (2,1,1)

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Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

20. A line makes equal angles with coordinate axes. 30. Cartesian equation of the line parallel to 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
Direction cosines of this line are and passing through the point (1,1,1) is
1 1 1 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−1 𝑥+1 𝑦+1 𝑧+1
a) ±(1,1,1) b) ± ( , , ) a) 0
= 1 = 0
b) 0
= 1 = 0
√3 √3 √3
1 1 1 1 1 1 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−1 𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧
c) ± (3 , 3 , 3) d) ± ( 3 , − 3 , − 3) c) 1
= 0 = 1
d) 1
= 1 =1
√ √ √
21. If the direction ratio of a line are 1, 1, 2 then 31. The Cartesian equation of a line which passes
direction cosines of line are through the point (1,2,3) and parallel to the vector

a) ± (
1 1 2
, , ) b) ± (
2 1 1
, , ) 3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ
√6 √6 √6 √6 √6 √6 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−3
1 2 1 1 2 2 a) 3
= 2 = −2
b) 3
= 2
= −2
c) ± ( 6 , 6 , 6) d) ± ( 2 , 6 , 6) 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧+3
√ √ √ √ √ √
c) = 2 = d) = =
22. If the direction ratio of a line are 2, −1, −2 then 3 2 3 2 −2

direction cosines of line are 32. The equation of the line through the point
𝑥−4 𝑦+1 𝑧+10
a)
2 1
⁡, , − 3
2 2 1
b) 3 ⁡, 3 , − 3
2 (1,2,3) and parallel to the line = =
2 −3 6
3 3
𝑥−4 𝑦+1 𝑧+10 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
c)
2 1 2
⁡, − 3 , 3
2 1 2
d) − 3 ⁡, 3 , 3 a) 1
= 2 = 3
b) 2
= −3 = 6
3
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
23. If projection of a line on 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍 axis are 2,3 and 2 c) =1
= 2 d) none of these
3
respectively, then direction cosines of the line is 33. The Cartesian equation of a line which passes
2 3 2 2 3 2 through the point (−2,4, −5) and parallel to the line
a) , ,
17 17 17
b) , ,
√17 √17 √17 𝑥+3 𝑦−4 𝑧+8
6 2 3 = 5 = 6
c) , , d) None of these 3
11 11 11 𝑥+2 𝑦−4 𝑧−5 𝑥+2 𝑦−4 𝑧+5
24. The direction ratios of the line segment joining the a) 3 = 5 = 6 b) 3
= 5
= 6
𝑥−2 𝑦−4 𝑧+5 𝑥+2 𝑦+4 𝑧+5
points P(x1 , y1 , z1 ) and Q(x2 , y2 , z2 ) are c) 3 = 5 = 6 d) = =
3 5 6
a) 𝑥2 + 𝑥1 , 𝑦2 + 𝑦1 , 𝑧2 + 𝑧1 34. The vector equation of a line which passes through
b) 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 , 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 the point (1,2,3) and parallel to the vector
c) 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 , 𝑧1 − 𝑧2
3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ
d) 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 , 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 , 𝑧2 − 𝑧1
a) 𝑟 = (𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜆(3𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ )
25. Direction ratios of line joining the points
b) 𝑟 = (𝑖ˆ − 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜆(3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ )
(1, −1,1)𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡(−1,1,1) are
c) 𝑟 = (𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 3𝑘ˆ ) − 𝜆(3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ )
a) (2, −2,0) b) (1,1,0)
c) (−2, −2,0) d) (0,0,2) d) 𝑟 = (𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ + 3𝑘ˆ ) + 𝜆(3𝑖ˆ + 2𝑗ˆ − 2𝑘ˆ )
𝑥−5 𝑦−4 𝑧−6
26. Direction ratios of line joining the points 35. The vector equation of the line 3
= 7
= 2
𝐴(1,2, −3)𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝐵(−1, −2,1) are directed from a) 𝑟 = (5𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ )
A to B are b) 𝑟 = (5𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )
a) (2,4, −1) b) (0,0,2) c) 𝑟 = (3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(5𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ )
c) (−2, −4,4) d) (0,0, −2)
d) 𝑟 = (3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(5𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ )
27. Direction ratios of a line joining the points 𝑥+3 𝑦−5 𝑧+6
36. Vector equation of the line is = = is
(2,3, −4)⁡and⁡(1, −2,3) is 2 4 2

a) 1, −5,7 b) −1,5,7 c) −1, −5,7 d) 1,5,7 a) 𝑟 = (−3𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 6⁡𝑘̂ ) + (2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )
28. The direction ratios of the diagonal of a cube which b) 𝑟 = (3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 6⁡𝑘̂ ) + (2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )
joins the origin to the opposite corner are c) 𝑟 = (3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ − 6⁡𝑘̂ ) + (2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )
a) (2,1,1) b) (1,1,1) d) 𝑟 = (2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2⁡𝑘̂ ) + (3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ )
c) (2, −2,1) d) (1,2,3) 37. The equation of X-axis is
1−𝑦 𝑧+4
29. The direction ratio of the line 2𝑥 = = ⁡are a) 𝑦 = 0 b) 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑧 = 0
2 6
1 1 c) 𝑧 = 0 d) 𝑥 = 0⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑦 = 0
a) − 2 , −2,6 b) 2
, −2,6
c) 0,1,4 d) 0, −1,4

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Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

38. The equation of 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 in space are 1 1 1

50. Direction ratios of two lines are 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and , , .
𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏
a) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 b) 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 The lines are
c) 𝑦 = 0 d) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 a)Mutually perpendicular b)Parallel
39. The equation of XZ-plane is c)Coincident d)None of these
a) 𝑥 = 0 b) 𝑦 = 0 51. Shortest distance between two skew lines
c) 𝑧 = 0 d) 𝑥 = 0⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑦 = 0 ⃗⃗⃗1 and 𝑟 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 is
𝑟 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎1 + 𝜆𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝜇𝑏
40. The equation of YZ-plane is ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ).(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )×(𝑎
(𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 )
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎 (𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 )
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎
a) 𝑥 = 0 b) 𝑦 = 0 a) | ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
| b)⁡| ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
|
|𝑏1 ×𝑏2 | |𝑏1 ×𝑏2 |
c) 𝑧 = 0 d) 𝑥 = 0⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑦 = 0 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 .𝑏
(𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ).(𝑎⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
(𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ).(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 )
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎
c) | ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
| d) | ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 .𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
|
41. The equation of XY-plane is |𝑏 |𝑏

a) 𝑥 = 0 b) 𝑦 = 0
c) 𝑧 = 0 d) 𝑥 = 0⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑦 = 0 One Marks Questions(Fill in the blanks)
𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑧−4
42. The equation of a line 1 = 2
= −1
passing
1. For any line, number possible number of direction
through the point is
cosines is ____
a) (−2,1, −4) b) (2, −1,4)
2. If 𝑙, 𝑚⁡𝑛 are direction cosines of line then
c) (1,2, −1) d) (−1, −2,1)
𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 =_____
43. The angle between the lines whose direction ratios
3. If a line makes an angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with the positive
are 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑏 − 𝑐, 𝑐 − 𝑎, 𝑎 − 𝑏 respectively
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 direction of the coordinate axes, then
a) b) c) d)
4 6 3 2 1 + cos2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛾 =________
44. The angle between the lines with direction cosines
4. If a line makes an angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with the positive
are −1, −2,1 and 1,2,5 is
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
direction of the coordinate axes, then
a) 2 b) 0 c) 3 d) 4 sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 =______
45. The angle between the lines 2𝑥 = 3𝑦 = −𝑧 and 5. If
1 1
, ,𝑘 represent direction cosines of a line then k
√2 2
6𝑥 = −𝑦 = −4𝑧 is
is_______
a) 00 b) 45∘ c) 90∘ d) 30∘
6. If a line has direction ratios 2, 1, −2 and 𝛼 is the
46. The angle between two diagonals of a cube is
angle made by the line with positive direction of X-
a) 30∘ b) 45∘
1 1
axis then cos 𝛼 =_______
c) cos −1 ⁡(3) d) cos−1 ⁡( 3) 𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
√ 7. If the lines 𝑘
= −5
= 1 and 1 = 2 = 3 are
47. The line with direction ratios 𝑎1 , 𝑏1 , 𝑐1and 𝑎2 , 𝑏2 , 𝑐2
perpendicular then 𝑘 is ____
are parallel if 𝑥 𝑦−2 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
8. The lines 7 = = 1 ⁡& 𝑘 = 2 = 3 are perpendicular
a) 𝑎1 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 𝑐2 = 0 −5
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 then 𝑘 is _____
b) 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1 𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
2 2 2
9. If the lines 7
= 𝑘
= 1 & 1 = 2 = 3 are
c) 𝑎1 𝑎2 = 𝑏1 𝑏2 = 𝑐1 𝑐2
perpendicular then 𝑘 is ____
d) None of these
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 6−𝑧
48. Lines 𝑟 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎1 + 𝜆𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 and 𝑟 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 are parallel if
𝑎2 + 𝜇𝑏 10. If the lines −3
= 2𝑘
= 2
⁡& 3𝑘 = 5
= 1
are
⃗⃗⃗1 = 𝑘⁡𝑏
a) 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 where 𝑘 is a constant perpendicular then 𝑘 is ____
𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧
b) 𝑏⃗⃗⃗⃗2 is parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎1 11. The value of 𝑝 for which the lines 𝑝
= −5
= 2⁡ and
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⃗⃗⃗1 is parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗
c) 𝑏 𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎1 ⁡1 = 2 = 3 are perpendicular is ____
d) None of these 𝑥
12. If the lines 2 = 2𝑘 = 1 and
𝑦 𝑧 𝑥−5
=
𝑦−2
=
𝑧−3
are
𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 4 1 8
49. Given two lines 7
= −5
= 1
and 1 = 2
= are3 mutually perpendicular, then 𝑘 =_____
a) parallel b) perpendicular 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−6
13. Two lines 3
= 2𝑝
= 2
⁡⁡& 3𝑝 = 1
= 5
are
c) skew lines d) none of these
perpendicular then 𝑝 =_____

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Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−6

14. If the lines = = ⁡& = = are FILL IN THE BLANK
−3 2𝑘 2 3𝑘 1 −1
perpendicular then 𝑘 is ____ QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY
𝑥−5 𝑦+4 𝑧−6 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 1
15. If the lines = = and 1 = 2 = −1 are 1 2 2 1 3 2 4 2 5 2
3 𝑘 2
2
perpendicular to each other, then 𝑘 =_____ 6 3
7 7 8 1 9 −5 10 2
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−5 𝑧−6 10 2 1
16. If the lines = 2𝑝 = and 3p = = 11 4 12 −8 13 − 14 − 15 −
−3 2 1 −5 11 7 2
−
7 7 70
16 17 0 18 1 19 6 20 7
are perpendicular to each other, then 𝑝 =_____ 11
0 0
17. Two lines whose direction ratios 𝑎1 , 𝑏1 , 𝑐1 &𝑎2 , 𝑏2 , 𝑐2 21 −1 22 0 23 90 24 90
and perpendicular if 𝑎1 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 𝑐2 =_____
18. If the lines
𝑥−1
=
𝑦−4
=
𝑧−3 𝑥 𝑦
and 6 = 2 = −4 are
𝑧 Two or Three Marks Questions
3 𝑘 −2
Equation of Line
parallel to each other, then 𝑘 =_____
1) Find the vector equation of the line passing
19. Two lines with direction ratios 1,3,5 and 2, 𝑘, 10 are
through the points (−𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟐)⁡ and (𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟔)
parallel then the value of 𝑘 =_____
Solution: Let 𝐴 = (−1,0,2) ⁡ ⟹ 𝑎 = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂
20. The line passing through the points (4, 𝜆, 8), (2,3,4)
Let 𝐵 = (3,4,6) ⟹ 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂
is parallel to the line passing through the points
Vector Form: Equation of line is 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝜆(𝑏⃗ − 𝑎)
(−1, −2,1), (1,2,5), then the value of 𝜆 is _____
⟹ 𝑟 = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ + 𝑖̂ − 2𝑘̂ )⁡
21. The line passing through the points
(1, 𝜆, 2), (3,4, −2) is perpendicular to the line ⟹ 𝑟 = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(4𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ )
passing through the points (0,3,2), (3,5,6), then the
2) Find the equation of the line passing through
value of 𝜆 is _____
the points (−𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟐)⁡𝒂𝒏𝒅⁡(𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟔) in both
22. If two lines in a space intersect at a point then the
vector and Cartesian forms
shortest distance between them is _____
𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧+3 Solution: Let 𝐴 = (−1,0,2) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 )
23. Angle between the pair of lines = = and
7 −5 1 ⟹ 𝑎 = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂
𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−3
= = is _____ Let 𝐵 = (3,4,6) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , 𝑧2 )
1 2 3
24. The angle between the lines with direction cosines ⟹ 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂
are −1, −2,1 and 1,2,5 is _____ Vector Form: Equation of line is 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝜆(𝑏⃗ − 𝑎)
⟹ 𝑟 = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ + 𝑖̂ − 2𝑘̂ )⁡
⟹ 𝑟 = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(4𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ )
ANSWER KEY Cartesian Form: Equation of line is
𝑥−𝑥1 ⁡𝑦−𝑦 𝑧−𝑧
MCQ 𝑥2 −𝑥1
= ⁡𝑦 −𝑦1 = ⁡ 𝑧 −𝑧1
2 1 2 1
QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY 𝑥−(−1) ⁡𝑦−0 𝑧−2 𝑥+1 ⁡𝑦 𝑧−2
⟹ 3−(−1) = 4−0 = ⁡ 6−2 ⟹ 4
= 4
=⁡ 4
1 d 2 d 3 a 4 b 5 b
6 b 7 b 8 a 9 d 10 b 3) Find the equation of the line passing through
11 b 12 a 13 b 14 c 15 b the points (𝟑, −𝟐, −𝟓)⁡𝒂𝒏𝒅⁡(𝟑, −𝟐, 𝟔) in both
16 a 17 b 18 b 19 b 20 b vector and Cartesian forms
21 a 22 d 23 b 24 d 25 a Solution: Let 𝐴 = (3, −2, −5) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 )
26 c 27 c 28 b 29 b 30 a ⟹ 𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂
Let 𝐵 = (3, −2,6) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , 𝑧2 )
31 a 32 b 33 b 34 d 35 b
⟹ 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂
36 b 37 b 38 d 39 b 40 a
Vector Form: Equation of line is
41 c 42 b 43 d 44 a 45 c
𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝜆(𝑏⃗ − 𝑎)
46 c 47 b 48 a 49 b 50 b
⟹ 𝑟 = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ − 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂)⁡
51 a
⟹ 𝑟 = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ + 𝜆(0𝑖̂ − 0𝑗̂ + 11𝑘̂)

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 4

Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

Cartesian Form: Equation of line is Let 𝜃 be the angle between lines l1 and l2 then
𝑥−𝑥1 ⁡𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏1 .𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 16 16 16
= =⁡ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = =5 2 6 =5 = 5×2
𝑥2 −𝑥1 ⁡𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑧2 −𝑧1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ||𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
|𝑏 √ √ √12 √3
𝑥−3 ⁡𝑦−(−2) 𝑧−(−5) 𝑥−3 ⁡𝑦+2 𝑧+5
⟹ 3−3 = −2+2 = ⁡ 6−(−5) ⟹ 0
= 0
= ⁡ 11 ⟹
8
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 5 3 ⟹ 𝜃 = cos−1 (5 3)
8
√ √

4) Find the Cartesian equation of the line parallel 2) Find the angle between the pair of lines given
to 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and passing through the point 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 𝒙−𝟓 𝒚−𝟐 𝒛−𝟑
by = = and = =
(𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟏). 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟖

Solution: Let 𝐴 = (1,1,1) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 ) Solution: Given: equation of line 𝑙1 is

𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Now, direction cosines of 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 are 2
=2=1
𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 1⁡&⁡𝑐 = 0 ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b1 = 2î + 2ĵ + k̂
Cartesian Form : Equation of line is ⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 | = √(2)2 + (2)2 + (1)2
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−1
= = ⁡⟹ = = ⟹ |𝑏⃗⃗⃗1 | = √4 + 4 + 1 = √9 = 3
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 0 1 0
Given equation of line 𝑙2 is
5) Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the 𝑥−5 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
4
= 1
= 8
line passes through the point (𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑) & parallel
̂ ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = 4î + ĵ + 8k̂
to the vector 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ − 𝟐𝒌
⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √(4)2 + (1)2 + (8)2
Solution: Let 𝐴 = (1,2,3) ⁡ ⟹ 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √16 + 1 + 64 = √81 = 9
⟹ |𝑏
Given: 𝑏⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
Now 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (2î + 2ĵ + k̂⁡). (4î + ĵ + 8k̂)
⟹ direction ratios of 𝑏⃗ are
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (2)(4) + ⁡ (2)(1) + ⁡ (1)(8)
𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 2⁡&⁡𝑐 = −2
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 8 + 2 + 8 = 18⁡
Vector Form: Equation of line is 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝜆𝑏⃗
Let 𝜃 be the angle between lines l1 and l2 then
⟹ ⁡ 𝑟 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2
𝑏1 .𝑏 18 2
Cartesian Form : Equation of line is 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ||𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
= =
|𝑏 3(9) 3
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 2 2
𝑎
=
𝑏
=
𝑐
⁡⟹
3
=
2
=
−2 ⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3 ⟹ 𝜃 = cos −1 (3)

Angle Between two Lines 3) Find the angle between the pair of lines
1) Find the angle between the pair of lines given ̂ + ⁡⁡(𝒊̂ + 𝟐⁡𝒋̂ + 𝟐𝒌
⃗ = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ − 𝟒𝒌
𝒓 ̂)⁡⁡and
𝒙+𝟑 𝒚−𝟏 𝒛+𝟑 𝒙+𝟏 𝒚−𝟒 𝒛−𝟓
by = = and 𝟏 = = ⁡𝒓 ̂).
⃗ = 𝟓𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + (𝟑𝒊̂ + ⁡𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟔𝒌
𝟑 𝟓 𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
Solution: Given: equation of line 𝑙1 is Solution: Given: equation of line 𝑙1 is
𝑥+3
=
𝑦−1
=
𝑧+3 𝑟 = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ + ⁡⁡(𝑖̂ + 2⁡𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )
3 5 4
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b1 = 3î + 5ĵ + 4k̂ ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b1 = 𝑖̂ + 2⁡𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗1 | = √(3)2 + (5)2 + (4)2 ⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 | = √(1)2 + (2)2 + (2)2
⟹ |𝑏
⃗⃗⃗1 | = √9 + 25 + 16 = √50 = 5√2 ⟹ |𝑏⃗⃗⃗1 | = √1 + 4 + 4 = √9 = 3
⟹ |𝑏
Given equation of line 𝑙2 is Given equation of line 𝑙2 is
𝑥+1 𝑦−4 𝑧−5 ⁡𝑟 = 5𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + (3𝑖̂ + ⁡2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ )
1
= 1
= 2
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = 3𝑖̂ + ⁡2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = î + ĵ + 2k̂
⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √(3)2 + (2)2 + (6)2
⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √(1)2 + (1)2 + (2)2
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √9 + 4 + 36 = √49 = 7
⟹ |𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √1 + 1 + 4 = √6
⟹ |𝑏
Now 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (𝑖̂ + 2⁡𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ⁡). (3𝑖̂ + ⁡2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ )
Now 𝑏⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (3î + 5ĵ + 4k̂⁡). (î + ĵ + 2k̂)
⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (1)(3) + ⁡ (2)(2) + ⁡ (2)(6)
⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (3)(1) + ⁡ (5)(1) + ⁡ (4)(2)
⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 3 + 4 + 12 = 19⁡
⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 3 + 5 + 8 = 16⁡

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 5

Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

Let 𝜃 be the angle between lines l1 and l2 then 6) Find the value of 𝒑 so that the lines
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏1 .𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 19 19 𝟏−𝒙 𝟕𝒚−𝟏𝟒 𝒛−𝟑 𝟕−𝟕𝒙 𝒚−𝟓 𝟔−𝒛
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ||𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
= = 𝟑
= 𝟐𝒑
= 𝟐
and 𝟑𝒑 = 𝟏
= 𝟓
are at
|𝑏 3×7 21

⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
19
⟹ 𝜃 = cos −1 ( )
19 right angle.
21 21
Solution: Given: equation of line 𝑙1 is
1−𝑥 7𝑦−14 𝑧−3
4) Find the angle between the pair of lines given 3
= 2𝑝 = 2 ⁡
̂ + 𝝀(𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟔𝒌
̂) and 𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
⃗ = 𝟐𝒊̂ − 𝟓𝒋̂ + 𝒌
by 𝒓 ⟹ −3 = 2𝑝 = 2
7
⃗ = 𝟕𝒊̂ − 𝟔𝒌
𝒓 ̂ + 𝝁(𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟐𝒌 ̂) 2p
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b1 = −3î + 7 ⁡ĵ + 2k̂
Solution: Given: equation of line 𝑙1 is
7−7𝑥 𝑦−5 6−𝑧
𝑟 = 2𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ) Given equation of line 𝑙2 is 3𝑝
= 1
= 5
𝑥−1 𝑦−5 𝑧−6
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b1 = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ⟹ 3𝑝 = =
− 1 −5
7
⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 | = √(3)2 + (2)2 + (6)2 3p
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = − ⁡î + ĵ − 5k̂
⟹ |𝑏⃗⃗⃗1 | = √9 + 4 + 36 = √49 = 7 7
Given two lines are perpendicular
Given equation of line 𝑙2 is
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 0
𝑟 = 7𝑖̂ − 6𝑘̂ + 𝜇(𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) 2p 3p
⟹ (−3î + ⁡ĵ + 2k̂) . (− 7 ⁡î + ĵ − 5k̂) =0
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ 7
3p 2p
⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √(1)2 + (2)2 + (2)2 ⟹ (−3) (− ) + ⁡ ( ) (1) + ⁡ (2)(−5)
7 7
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √1 + 4 + 4 = √9 = 3 9p 2p
⟹ |𝑏 ⟹ + − 10 = 0⁡
7 7
Now 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂ ⁡). (𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) 9𝑝+2𝑝 11𝑝
⟹ = 10⁡ ⟹ = 10
7 7
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (3)(1) + ⁡ (2)(2) + ⁡ (6)(2) 70
⟹ 11p = 70 ⟹ p = 11
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 3 + 4 + 12 = 19⁡
Let 𝜃 be the angle between lines l1 and l2 then
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏1 .𝑏⃗⃗⃗⃗2 19 19
Shortest distance between two skew lines:
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
= 7×3 = 21 1) Find the shortest distance between the lines
|𝑏1 ||𝑏
19 19 𝐥𝟏 ⁡𝐚𝐧𝐝⁡𝐥𝟐 whose vector equations are
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 21 ⟹ 𝜃 = cos −1 (21)
̂ + ⁡⁡(𝐢̂ − 𝐣̂ + 𝐤
𝐫 = 𝐢̂ + 𝟐⁡𝐣̂ + 𝐤 ̂ ) and
𝒙−𝟓 𝒚+𝟐 𝒛 ̂ + ⁡𝛍⁡(𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝐣̂ + 𝟐𝐤
𝐫 = 𝟐𝐢̂ − ⁡ 𝐣̂ − 𝐤 ̂)
5) Show that the lines = = 𝟏 ⁡⁡𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝟕 −𝟓
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 Solution: Given: Equation of the line 𝑙1 is
= 𝟐 = 𝟑 are perpendicular to each other.
𝟏 𝑟 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ + 𝜆(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ )
Solution: Given: equation of line 𝑙1 is
𝑎1 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑏
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗1 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧
7
= −5
= 1
⁡⁡ Given: Equation of the line 𝑙2 is
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b1 = 7î − 5ĵ + k̂ 𝑟 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Given equation of line 𝑙2 is 1
=2=3 𝑎2 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ and 𝑏
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂

⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
b2 = î + 2ĵ + 3k̂ W.K.T Shortest distance between two skew lines
(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ).(𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )
Now 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (7î − 5ĵ + k̂). (î + 2ĵ + 3k̂) 𝑑=| | … … … … (1)
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑏1 ×𝑏2 |
⟹𝑏⃗⃗⃗1 . 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = (7)(1) + ⁡ (−5)(2) + ⁡ (1)(3)
Now, ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) − (𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ )
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏1 . 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 7 − 10 + 3 = 0⁡
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ − 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⟹ Given two lines are perpendicular
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = ⁡ 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Now, 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = |1 −1 1|
2 1 2
= 𝑖̂ −2 − 1) − 𝑗̂ 2 − 2) + 𝑘̂ (1 + 2)
( (
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = −3𝑖̂ − 0𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 6

Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

Now, |𝑏⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √(−3)2 + (0)2 + (3)2 Given: Equation of the line 𝑙2 is
⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏
⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √9 + 0 + 9 = √18 = 3√2 r = 4î + 5⁡ĵ + 6k̂ + ⁡μ⁡(2î + 3ĵ + k̂)
⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ) 𝑎2 = 4î + 5⁡ĵ + 6k̂ and 𝑏
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 2î + 3ĵ + k̂
Now,(𝑎 𝑎1 ). (𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
W.K.T Shortest distance between two skew lines
= (𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ ). (−3𝑖̂ − 0𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ ) (𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ).(𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )
= −3 + 0 − 6 = −9 𝑑=| ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
| … … … … (1)
|𝑏1 ×𝑏2 |
Now, From (1) Now, ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = (4î + 5⁡ĵ + 6k̂) − (𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3k̂)
𝑑=|
(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ).(𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )
|
−9
= |3 2| =
3 ⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 4î + 5⁡ĵ + 6k̂ − 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 3k̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
|𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | √ √2
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = ⁡3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
2) Find the shortest distance between the lines Now, 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = ⁡ |1 −3 2|
𝐥𝟏 ⁡𝐚𝐧𝐝⁡𝐥𝟐 whose vector equations are 2 3 1
̂ ) and
𝐫 = 𝐢̂ + ⁡ 𝐣̂ + ⁡⁡(𝟐𝐢̂ − 𝐣̂ + 𝐤 = 𝑖̂(−3 − 6) − 𝑗̂(1 − 4) + 𝑘̂ (3 + 6)
𝐫 = 𝟐𝐢̂ + ⁡ 𝐣̂ − 𝐤̂ + ⁡𝛍⁡(𝟑𝐢̂ − 𝟓𝐣̂ + 𝟐𝐤
̂) ⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = −9𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 9𝑘̂
Solution: Given: Equation of the line 𝑙1 is Now, |𝑏⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √(−9)2 + (3)2 + (9)2
𝑟 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝜆⁡(2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏
⟹ |𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √81 + 9 + 81 = √171 = 3√19
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎1 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ and 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ Now,(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏
𝑎1 ). (𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )
Given: Equation of the line 𝑙2 is = (⁡3𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ ). (−9𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 9𝑘̂ )
𝑟 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ + 𝜇⁡(3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) = −27 + 9 + 27 = 9
𝑎2 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ and 𝑏
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ Now, From (1)
W.K.T Shortest distance between two skew lines (𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ).(𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ) 9 3
⃗⃗⃗⃗ ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗ )
𝑑=| ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
| =| | =
(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ).(𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗ −𝑎 |𝑏 3√19 √19
𝑑= | 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 2 | … … … … (1)
|𝑏1 ×𝑏2 |
Now, ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = (2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) − (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) 4) Find the shortest distance between the lines
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ − 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ 𝒙+𝟏
=
𝒚+𝟏
=
𝒛+𝟏
and
𝒙−𝟑
=
𝒚−𝟓
=
𝒛−𝟕
𝟕 −𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = ⁡ 𝑖̂ + 0𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ Solution: Given: Equation of the line 𝑙1 is
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂ 𝑥+1 𝑦+1 𝑧+1
Now, 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = ⁡ |2 −1 1| 7
= −6
= 1
3 −5 2 ⟹ Line passes through the point (−1, −1, −1)
= 𝑖̂(−2 + 5) − 𝑗̂(4 − 3) + 𝑘̂ (−10 + 3) ⃗⃗⃗1 are 7, −6,1
and direction ratios of 𝑏
⟹𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 7𝑘̂ 𝑎1 = −𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − k̂ and 𝑏
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗1 = 7î − 6ĵ + k̂
Now, |𝑏⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √(3)2 + (−1)2 + (−7)2 Given: Equation of the line 𝑙2 is
⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √9 + 1 + 49 = √59 𝑥−3 𝑦−5 𝑧−7
⟹ |𝑏 = =
1 −2 1
Now,(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏
𝑎1 ). (𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ) ⟹ Line passes through the point (3,5,7) and
= (𝑖̂ + 0𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ). (3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 7𝑘̂ ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 are 1, −2,1
direction ratios of 𝑏
= 3 − 0 + 7 = 10 𝑎2 = 3î + 5⁡ĵ + 7k̂ and 𝑏
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = î − 2ĵ + k̂
Now, From (1) W.K.T Shortest distance between two skew lines
(𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ).(𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ) 10 10 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )
𝑑=| | =| |= (𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ).(𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
|𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | √59 √59 𝑑=| ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 |
| … … … … (1)
|𝑏
Now,
3) Find the shortest distance between the lines 𝑎1 = (3î + 5⁡ĵ + 7k̂) − (−𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − k̂)
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐥𝟏 ⁡𝐚𝐧𝐝⁡𝐥𝟐 whose vector equations are
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 3î + 5⁡ĵ + 7k̂ + 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + k̂
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
̂ + ⁡⁡(𝐢̂ − 𝟑𝐣̂ + 𝟐𝐤
𝐫 = 𝐢̂ + ⁡𝟐𝐣̂ + 𝟑𝐤 ̂ ) and
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = ⁡4î + 6⁡ĵ + 8k̂
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
̂ + ⁡𝛍⁡(𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝟑𝐣̂ + 𝐤
𝐫 = 𝟒𝐢̂ + 𝟓⁡𝐣̂ + 𝟔𝐤 ̂)
Solution: Given: Equation of the line 𝑙1 is
r = î + ⁡2ĵ + 3k̂ + ⁡⁡(î − 3ĵ + 2k̂)
𝑎1 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3k̂ and 𝑏
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗1 = î − 3ĵ + 2k̂

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 7

Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂ 2) Find the distance between the lines

⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
Now, 𝑏1 × 𝑏2 = ⁡ |7 −6 1| ̂ + ⁡⁡(𝐢̂ + 𝐣̂ + 𝐤
̂ )⁡and
𝐫 = 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝟓𝐣̂ − 𝐤
1 −2 1 ̂ + µ⁡(𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ + 𝟐𝐤 ̂ ).
= 𝑖̂(−6 + 2) − 𝑗̂(7 − 1) + 𝑘̂ (−14 + 6) 𝐫 = 𝟕𝐢̂ + 𝟒𝐤
⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = −4𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ Solution: Given: Equation of the line 𝑙1 is
⟹𝑏
⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √(−4)2 + (−6)2 + (−8)2 r = 3î + 5ĵ − k̂ + ⁡⁡(î + ĵ + k̂)
Now, |𝑏
⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 | = √16 + 36 + 64 = √116 𝑎1 = 3î + 5ĵ − k̂ and 𝑏⃗ = î + ĵ + k̂
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⟹ |𝑏
Given: Equation of the line 𝑙2 is
Now,(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗1 × 𝑏
𝑎1 ). (𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 )
r = 7î + 4k̂ + µ⁡(2î + 2ĵ + 2k̂).
= (⁡4î + 6⁡ĵ + 8k̂). (−4𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ )
⟹ r = 7î + 4k̂ + 2µ⁡(î + ĵ + k̂).
= −16 − 36 − 64 = −116
Now, From (1) 𝑎2 = 7î + 4k̂ & 𝑏⃗ = î + ĵ + k̂
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
(𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ×𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 ).(𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ) −116 116 W.K.T Distance between two parallel lines
𝑑=| ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
| =| | = = √116 ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎
|(𝑎 ⃗|
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 )×𝑏
|𝑏1 ×𝑏2 | √116 √116
𝑑= ⃗
… … … … (1)
|𝑏|

Distance between two parallel lines: Now , |𝑏⃗| = √(1)2 + (1)2 + (1)2
1) Find the distance between the lines ⟹ |𝑏⃗| = √1 + 1 + 1 = √3
̂ + ⁡⁡(𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝟑𝐣̂ + 𝟔𝐤
𝐫 = 𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ − ⁡𝟒𝐤 ̂ )⁡and Now,
𝐫 = 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝟑𝐣̂ − ⁡𝟓𝐤̂ + µ⁡(𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝟑𝐣̂ + 𝟔⁡𝐤
̂ ). 𝑎1 = (7î + 4k̂) − (3î + 5ĵ − k̂)
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗
Solution: Given: Equation of the line 𝑙1 is ⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 7î + 4k̂ − 3î − 5ĵ + k̂
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
r = î + 2ĵ − ⁡4k̂ + ⁡⁡(2î + 3ĵ + 6k̂)⁡ ⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 4𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎1 = î + 2ĵ − ⁡4k̂ and 𝑏⃗ = 2î + 3ĵ + 6k̂
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
(𝑎
Now, ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) ⃗
𝑎1 × 𝑏 = |4 −5 5|
Given: Equation of the line 𝑙2 is
1 1 1
r = 3î + 3ĵ − ⁡5k̂ + µ⁡(2î + 3ĵ + 6⁡k̂).⁡
= 𝑖̂(−5 − 5) − 𝑗̂(4 − 5) + 𝑘̂ (4 + 5)
𝑎2 = 3î + 3ĵ − ⁡5k̂ & 𝑏⃗ = 2î + 3ĵ + 6k̂
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⟹ (𝑎 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗ = −10𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 9𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
W.K.T Distance between two parallel lines Now,
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎
|(𝑎 ⃗|
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 )×𝑏
𝑑= ⃗|
|𝑏
… … … … (1) 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗| = √(−10)2 + (1)2 + (9)2
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
|(𝑎
Now , |𝑏⃗| = √(2)2 + (3)2 + (6)2 ⟹ |(𝑎 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗| = √100 + 1 + 81
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⟹ |𝑏⃗| = √4 + 9 + 36 = √49 = 7 ⟹ |(𝑎 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗| = √182
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎
|(𝑎 ⃗|
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 )×𝑏 √182
Now, Now, From (1) 𝑑 = =
⃗|
|𝑏 √3
𝑎1 = (3î + 3ĵ − ⁡5k̂) − (î + 2ĵ − ⁡4k̂)
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 3î + 3ĵ − ⁡5k̂ − î − 2ĵ + 4k̂
Five Marks Questions
⟹ ⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎1 = 2⁡𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂
1) Derive the equation of the line in space, passing
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Now, (𝑎 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗ = |2 1 −1|
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ through a point and parallel to a vector both in
2 3 6 vector and Cartesian forms.
= 𝑖̂(6 + 3) − 𝑗̂(12 + 2) + 𝑘̂ (6 − 2) Proof: 𝑧
⟹ (𝑎 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗ = 9𝑖̂ + 14𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
Now, |(𝑎 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗| = √(9)2 + (14)2 + (4)2
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏⃗
𝑃
⟹ |(𝑎 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗| = √81 + 196 + 16
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴
⟹ |(𝑎 𝑎1 ) × 𝑏⃗| = √293
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐿 𝑟
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 −𝑎
|(𝑎 ⃗|
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 )×𝑏 √293
𝑎
Now, From (1) 𝑑 = ⃗
= 𝑥
|𝑏| 7 𝑂

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 8

Question Bank with Solutions Three Dimensional Geometry

Vector form: Vector Form:

Let 𝐴 be the given point and position Let 𝐴 be the given point and position vector of
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎
vector of 𝐴 = 𝑂𝐴 𝐴 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎
Let 𝑏⃗ be the vector which is parallel to the line 𝐿 Let 𝐵 be the given point and position vector of
Let 𝑃 be any point on the line and position vector of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗
𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑟 Let 𝑃 be any point on the line and position vector of
𝑃 = 𝑂𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑟
𝑃 = 𝑂𝑃
𝐴𝑃 is parallel to 𝑏⃗
Now, clearly ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Now, clearly 𝐴, 𝑃⁡&⁡𝐵 are collinear
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝜆𝑏⃗⁡, where 𝜆 is a scalar
⟹ 𝐴𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝜆𝐴𝐵
⟹ 𝐴𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⁡, where 𝜆 is a scalar
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 = 𝜆𝑏⃗
𝑂𝑃 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝜆(𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐴)
⟹ 𝑟 − 𝑎 = 𝜆𝑏⃗ ⟹ 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝜆𝑏⃗ is the equation of ⃗
⟹ 𝑟 − 𝑎 = 𝜆(𝑏 − 𝑎)
the line 𝐿 in vector form.
⟹ 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝜆(𝑏⃗ − 𝑎) is the equation of the line 𝐿 in
Cartesian Form:
vector form.
Let co-ordinates of the point 𝐴 be (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 )
Cartesian Form:
⟹ PV of 𝐴 = 𝑎 = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂
Let co-ordinates of the point 𝐴 be (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 )
Let 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are the direction ratios of 𝑏⃗ ⟹ PV of 𝐴 = 𝑎 = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂
⟹ ⁡ 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑘̂ Let co-ordinates of the point 𝐵 be (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , 𝑧2 )
Let co-ordinates of any point 𝑃 be (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ⟹ PV of 𝐵 = 𝑏⃗ = 𝑥2 𝑖̂ + 𝑦2 𝑗̂ + 𝑧2 𝑘̂
⟹ PV of 𝑃 = 𝑟 = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ Let co-ordinates of any point 𝑃 be (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
Now, Equation of the line 𝐿 is 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝜆𝑏⃗ ⟹ PV of 𝑃 = 𝑟 = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂
⟹ ⁡𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂ Now, Equation of the line 𝐿 is
+𝜆(𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑘̂ ) 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 𝜆(𝑏⃗ − 𝑎)
⟹ ⁡𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂ + ⟹ 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂
𝜆𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝜆𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝜆𝑐𝑘̂ +𝜆 (𝑥2 𝑖̂ + 𝑦2 𝑗̂ + 𝑧2 𝑘̂ − (𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂ ))
⟹ ⁡𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ = (𝑥1 + 𝜆𝑎)𝑖̂ + (𝑦1 + 𝜆𝑏)𝑗̂ ⟹ 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂
+(𝑧1 + 𝜆𝑐)𝑘̂ +𝜆(𝑥2 𝑖̂ + 𝑦2 𝑗̂ + 𝑧2 𝑘̂ − 𝑥1 𝑖̂ − 𝑦1 𝑗̂ − 𝑧1 𝑘̂)
⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑥1 + 𝜆𝑎⁡⁡, 𝑦 = 𝑦1 + 𝜆𝑏⁡⁡⁡, 𝑧 = 𝑧1 + 𝜆𝑐 ⟹ 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂
⟹ 𝑥 − 𝑥1 = 𝜆𝑎⁡,⁡⁡⁡𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝜆𝑏⁡⁡, 𝑧 − 𝑧1 = 𝜆𝑐
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡+𝜆 ((𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )𝑖̂ + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )𝑗̂ + (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )⁡𝑘̂ )
⟹ = 𝜆⁡, = 𝜆⁡, 𝑐 1 = 𝜆
𝑎
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1
𝑏
𝑧−𝑧
⟹ 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ = 𝑥1 𝑖̂ + 𝑦1 𝑗̂ + 𝑧1 𝑘̂
⟹ 𝑎
= 𝑏
= 𝑐 1 is the equation of line 𝐿 in +𝜆(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )𝑖̂ + 𝜆(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )𝑗̂ + 𝜆(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )⁡𝑘̂
Cartesian form ⟹ 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ = [𝑥1 + 𝜆(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )]𝑖̂
⁡+[𝑦1 + 𝜆(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )]𝑗̂ + [𝑧1 + 𝜆(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )]𝑘̂
2) Derive the equation of the line in space, passing ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑥1 + 𝜆(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )⁡⁡⁡,⁡⁡⁡
through two points both in vector and Cartesian ⁡𝑦 = 𝑦1 + 𝜆(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )⁡⁡⁡, 𝑧 = 𝑧1 + 𝜆(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )
forms. 𝑧 ⟹ 𝑥 − 𝑥1 = 𝜆(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )⁡,⁡ ⁡𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝜆(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )⁡,⁡⁡⁡
Proof: 𝑧 − 𝑧1 = 𝜆(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )
𝑥−𝑥1 ⁡𝑦−𝑦 𝑧−𝑧
𝐵 ⟹ 𝑥 −𝑥 = 𝜆⁡⁡⁡, ⁡𝑦 −𝑦1 = 𝜆⁡⁡⁡,⁡⁡⁡ 𝑧 −𝑧1 = 𝜆
𝐿 2
𝑥−𝑥1
1
⁡𝑦−𝑦1
2 1
𝑧−𝑧1
2 1

𝑃 ⟹𝑥 = ⁡𝑦 =⁡𝑧 is the equation of line 𝐿

2 −𝑥1 2 −𝑦1 2 −𝑧1
𝐴 𝑟 𝑏⃗ in Cartesian form.
𝑎 𝑥
𝑂

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 9