Question Bank with Solutions Matrices

MATRICES
One Mark Questions (MCQ) 12.For 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] whose elements are
1. Number of elements in the matrix [0 1 2 3] given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = |𝑖 − 𝑗|, then 𝐴 =
are 0 1 1 0
a) [ ] b) [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 1 0 0 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 1 1 0 1
2. Order of the matrix [ ] is c) [ ] d) [ ]
𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 1 1 0 0
a) 2 × 2 b) 3 × 3 c) 3 × 2 d) 2 × 3 13.For 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] whose elements are
(𝑖+𝑗)2
3. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a diagonal matrix then 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 0 for all given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = , then 𝐴 =
2
a) 𝑖 > 𝑗 b) 𝑖 < 𝑗 c) 𝑖 = 𝑗 d) 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 2 9
2 2
4. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is an upper triangular matrix then 9 2
a) [ 9 ] b) [ 2 ]
𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 0 for all 8 9
8
2
9 9
a) 𝑖 > 𝑗 b) 𝑖 < 𝑗 c) 𝑖 = 𝑗 d) 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 8 2
2 2
5. A square matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 in which 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 0 if c) [ 9 ] d) [ 9 ]
2 8
2 2
𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 and 𝑎𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0 if 𝑖 = 𝑗 then 𝐴 is
14.For 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] whose elements are
a) skew symmetric matrix b) diagonal matrix
(𝑖+2𝑗)2
c) identity matrix d) scalar matrix given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2
, then 𝐴 =
2 2
6. A square matrix [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 0 for 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 9 2
a) [29 25
] b) [ 2 25 ]
and 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 is a constant for 𝑖 = 𝑗 is 18 8 18
9
a) Unit matrix b) Scalar matrix 9 25
9 25
c) column matrix d) Row matrix 2 2
c) [2 2 ] d) [2 ]
7. If 𝐴 is a square matrix with m rows and n 8 18 9
18
columns then 15.For 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] whose elements are
a) 𝑚 = 𝑛 b) 𝑚 ≥ 𝑛 c) 𝑚 ≤ 𝑛 d) 𝑚 < 𝑛 given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 2 − 𝑗 2, then 𝐴 =
8. If A is a matrix of order 3 × 4 and the order of the 0 3 0 −3
a) [ ] b) [ ]
matrix 𝐴𝐵 𝑖𝑠 3 × 3 then the order of the matrix 𝐵 is 3 0 3 0
a) 3 × 3 b) 4 × 3 c) 4 × 4 d) 3 × 4 0 −3 0 3
c) [ ] d) [ ]
−3 0 −3 0
9. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3 16. If a matrix has 13 elements then the total number
with each entry 0 or 1 is of possible matrix of different order is
a) 27 b) 18 c) 81 d) 512 a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
10.For 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] whose elements are 17. If a matrix has 8 elements then the total number of
𝑖
given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = , then 𝐴 = possible matrix of different order is
𝑗
1 1 1 a) 6 b) 4 c) 18 d) 9
1 2
a) [ 1 1] b) [ ] 18. If a matrix has 18 elements then the total number
2 2 1
1 1 1 2 of possible matrix of different order is
c) [ 1 1] d) [ 1 1] a) 4 b) 2 c) 6 d) 8
2 2
𝑥+2 𝑦−3
11. For 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] whose elements are 19.If [ ] is a scalar matrix, then the value
0 4
given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = |−2𝑖 + 𝑗|, then 𝐴 = of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are
1 3 1 0
a) [ ] b) [ ] a) 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −3 b) 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3
0 2 3 2
2 0 1 0 c) 𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = −3 d) 𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = 3
c) [ ] d) [ ]
3 1 0 2

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Question Bank with Solutions Matrices

20.Which of the given values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 make the 30.If A is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴, then
following pair of matrices are equal (𝐼 + 𝐴)3 − 7𝐴 is equal to
3𝑥 + 7 5 0 𝑦−2 a) 𝐴 b) 𝐼 − 𝐴 c) 𝐼 d) 3𝐴
[ ]= [ ]
𝑦 + 1 2 − 3𝑥 8 4 4 3 4 3
7 31.If [ ]=[ ], then 𝑥 =
a) 𝑥 = − 3 , 𝑦 = 7 b) not possible to find 𝑥 5 1 5
2 1 2 a) 5 b) 4 c) 1 d) 3
c) 𝑦 = 7, 𝑥 = − 3 d) 𝑥 = − 3 , 𝑦 = − 3
32.Which one of the following is not true
21.A and B are two matrices of the order 3 × 𝑚 and a) Matrix addition is commutative
3 × 𝑛 respectively, and 𝑚 = 𝑛, then the order of b) Matrix addition is associative
the matrix (5𝐴 − 2𝐵)𝑖𝑠 c) matrix multiplication is Commutative
a) 𝑚 × 3 b) 3 × 3 c) 𝑚 × 𝑛 d) 3 × 𝑛 d) Matrix multiplication is associative
22.If 𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑌 are the matrices of the order 2 × 3 , 33.If 𝐴 is a matrix of order 𝑚 × 𝑛 and B is a matrix such
then the order of 7𝑋 − 5𝑌 is that 𝐴𝐵′ and 𝐵′𝐴 are both defined, then the order
a) 2 × 2 b) 3 × 3 c) 2 × 3 d) 3 × 2 of matrix B is
23.If 𝐴 is a matrix of order 1 × 3 and B is a matrix of a) 𝑚 𝑋 𝑚 b) 𝑛 𝑋 𝑛 c) 𝑛 𝑋 𝑚 d) 𝑚 𝑋 𝑛
order 3 × 1, then the order of 𝐴𝐵 is 34.If A is a matrix of order 4× 3 and the order of the
a) 1 × 1 b) 3 × 3 c) 1 × 3 d) 3 × 1 matrix 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 4 × 5 then the order of the matrix
24.If 𝑌, 𝑊 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃 are matrices of order 3 × 𝑘, 𝑛 × 3 (𝐴′ 𝐵)′ is
and 𝑝 × 𝑘, respectively the restriction on a) 3 × 5 b) 3 × 4 c) 4 × 3 d) 5 × 3
𝑛, 𝑘, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝 so that 𝑃𝑌 + 𝑊𝑌 will be defined 35.For suitable matrices A and B, the false statement is
a) 𝑘 = 3, 𝑝 = 𝑛 b) 𝑘 is arbitrary, 𝑝 = 2 a) (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 𝐵𝑇 b) (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴
c) 𝑝 is arbitrary, 𝑘 = 3 d) 𝑘 = 2, 𝑝 = 3 c) (𝐴 − 𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐵𝑇 d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇
5 2 3 6
25.If 𝑋 + 𝑌 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 − 𝑌 = [ ], then the 36.If 𝐴 = [cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 ] such that 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐼 then
0 9 0 −1 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
matrix 𝑋 = 𝑥=
8 8 2 −4 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) [ ] b) [ ] a) 𝜋 b) c) d)
3 6 2
0 8 0 10
cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 ′
1 −2 4 4 37. If 𝐴 = [ ] then 𝐴𝐴 =
c) [ ] d) [ ] −sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
0 5 0 4
a) 𝐴 b) Zero Matrix
1 𝑖≠𝑗
26.If matrix 𝐴 = (𝑎𝑖𝑗 )2 𝑋 2′ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = {
0 𝑖=𝑗 c) 𝐴′ d) 𝐼
3 𝑥
then 𝐴2 = 38. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴 = 𝐴′ then
𝑦 0
a) 𝐼 b) 𝐴 c) 0 d) −𝐴 a) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 3 b) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3
0 2 2 c) 𝑥 = 𝑦 d) 𝑥 = −𝑦
27.If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴 is
2 0
0 4 4 0 2 1
a) [ ] b) [ ] 1 −2 1
4 0 4 0 39.If 𝐴 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [3 2], the (𝐴𝐵)′ is
0 4 4 0 2 1 3
c) [ ] d) [ ] 1 1
0 4 0 4 −3 −2 −3 10
0 1 a) [ ] b) [ ]
28.If 𝐴 = ( ) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴2 = 10 7 −2 7
1 0 −3 7 −3 7
0 1 1 0 c) [ ] d) [ ]
a) ( ) b) ( ) 10 2 10 −2
1 0 1 0
40.Matrix which is both symmetric and skew
0 1 1 0
c) ( ) d) ( ) symmetric is
0 1 0 1
𝛼 𝛽 a) unit matrix b) scalar matrix
29.If 𝐴 = [ ] is such that 𝐴2 = 𝐼, then
𝛾 −𝛼 c) diagonal matrix d) zero matrix
a) 1 + 𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 = 0 b) 1 − 𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 = 0
c) 1 − 𝛼 2 − 𝛽𝛾 = 0 d) 1 + 𝛼 2 − 𝛽𝛾 = 0

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41. If 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 are matrices of same order then ⟹ 𝑥 2 + 8 = 6𝑥 ⟹ 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 = 0

(𝐴𝐵′ − 𝐵𝐴′ ) is ⟹ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 8 = 0
a) skew symmetric matrix b) null matrix ⟹ 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) − 2(𝑥 − 4) = 0
c) symmetric matrix d) unit matrix ⟹ (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
42.If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then ⟹ 𝑥 − 4 = 0 or 𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴 is ⟹ 𝑥 = 4 or 𝑥 = 2
8
a) Skew symmetric matrix b) Symmetric matrix From (4): 𝑦 =
𝑥
8
c) Zero matrix d) Identity matrix If 𝑥 = 4 ⟹ 𝑦 = 4 = 2
43.If A is a square matrix, then 𝐴 − 𝐴′ is If 𝑥 = 2 ⟹ 𝑦 = = 4
8
2
a) Unit matrix b) Null matrix
∴ Solutions are 𝑥 = 4 , 𝑦 = 2 , 𝑧 = 0
c) Symmetric matrix d) Skew-symmetric matrix
or 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑦 = 4 , 𝑧 = 0
5 − 𝑥 2𝑦 − 8
44.If the matrix [ ] is symmetric matrix,
2 2
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏𝟎
then the value of 𝑦 is 2) If 𝒙 [ ] + 𝒚 [ ] = [ ] then find 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚.
𝟑 𝟏 𝟓
a) 3 b) 5 c) −5 d) −3 2 −1 10
Solution: Given:𝑥 [ ] + 𝑦 [ ] = [ ]
45.Matrix 𝐴 and 𝐵 are inverse of each other then 3 1 5
2𝑥 −𝑦 10
a) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝑂 b) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐴 ⟹ [ ]+[ 𝑦 ]= [ ]
3𝑥 5
c) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵 d) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐼 2𝑥 − 𝑦 10
⟹[ ]=[ ]
3𝑥 + 𝑦 5
ANSWER KEY ⟹ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10 ------------------------(1)
QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 --------------------------(2)
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑒𝑞 (1) + 𝑒𝑞(2)
1 d 2 d 3 d 4 a 5 b
⟹ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 + 5
6 b 7 a 8 b 9 d 10 b 15
⟹ 5𝑥 = 15 ⟹ 𝑥 = ⟹𝑥=3
11 b 12 a 13 d 14 c 15 b 5
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1): 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10 ⟹ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 10
16 b 17 b 18 c 19 b 20 b
⟹ 𝑦 = 2(3) − 10 = 6 − 10
21 d 22 c 23 a 24 a 25 d
⟹ 𝑦 = −4
26 a 27 d 28 d 29 c 30 c
31 c 32 c 33 d 34 d 35 a 𝒙 𝒛 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
3) If 𝟐 [𝒚 𝒕 ] + 𝟑 [ ] = 𝟑[ ] then find
36 b 37 d 38 c 39 b 40 d 𝟎 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔
𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕.
41 a 42 a 43 d 44 b 45 d
𝑥 𝑧 1 −1 3 5
Solution: Given:2 [𝑦 𝑡 ] + 3 [ ] = 3[ ]
0 2 4 6
Three Marks Questions 2𝑥 2𝑧 3 −3 9 15
⟹[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
𝒙+𝒚 𝟐 2𝑦 2𝑡 0 6 12 18
𝟔 𝟐
1) Find 𝒙, 𝒚 and 𝒛 if ( )=( ) 2𝑥 + 3 2𝑧 − 3 9 15
𝟓 + 𝒛 𝒙𝒚 𝟓 𝟖 ⟹[ ]=[ ]
𝑥+𝑦 2 2𝑦 + 0 2𝑡 + 6 12 18
6 2
Solution: Given: ( )=( ) ⟹ 2𝑥 + 3 = 9, 2𝑧 − 3 = 15, 2𝑦 = 12 & 2𝑡 + 6 = 18
5 + 𝑧 𝑥𝑦 5 8
12
⟹ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 ------------------------(1) ⟹ 2𝑥 = 9 − 3, 2𝑧 = 15 + 3, 𝑦 = 2
& 2𝑡 = 18 − 6
5 + 𝑧 = 5 ------------------------(2) ⟹ 2𝑥 = 6, 2𝑧 = 18, 𝑦 = 6 & 2𝑡 = 12
6 18 12
𝑥𝑦 = 8 -------------------------(3) ⟹ 𝑥 = ,𝑧 = ,𝑦 =6&𝑡 =
2 2 2
From (2): 𝑧 = 5 − 5 ⟹ 𝑧 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑧 = 9, 𝑦 = 6 & 𝑡 = 6
8
From (3): 𝑦 = 𝑥
-----------------------(4)
From (1): 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
8 𝑥 2 +8
⟹𝑥+𝑥 =6⟹ 𝑥
=6

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𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
2) 𝐀 = [ ]
4) If 𝑭(𝒙) = [ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝟎] , show that 𝟑 𝟒
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 1 2 1 3
Solution: Let A = ( ) ⟹ A′ = ( )
𝑭(𝒙)𝑭(𝒚) = 𝑭(𝒙 + 𝒚) 3 4 2 4
cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 0 symmetric part 1
Now , = 2 [A + A′ ]
Solution : Given: 𝐹(𝑥) = [ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 0] of matrix A
0 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 5
= 2 [( )+( )] = 2 ( )
cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑦 0 3 4 2 4 5 8
⟹ 𝐹(𝑦) = [ sin 𝑦 cos 𝑦 0] 5
symmetric part 1
0 0 1 ⟹ = (5 2)
of matrix A 4
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐹(𝑥)𝐹(𝑦) 2

cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 0 cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑦 0 Skew symmetric part 1

Now , = [A − A′ ]
= [ sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 0] [ sin 𝑦 cos 𝑦 0] of matrix A 2
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 0 −1
= [( )−( )] = ( )
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 − cos x sin 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 0 2 3 4 2 4 2 1 0
= [sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + cos x sin 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 + cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 0] 1
0 0 1 Skew symmetric part 0 −2
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 −(sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + cos x sin 𝑦) 0
⟹ = (1 )
of matrix A 0
= [sin 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + cos x sin 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 + cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 0] 2
0 0 1 1 ′] 1
W.K.T , A = [A + A + [A − A′ ]
cos (𝑥 + 𝑦) − sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0 2 2
= [ sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0] = 𝐹(𝑥 + 𝑦) 1
5
0 −2
1
2
0 0 1 ⟹ A = (5 ) + (1 )
= 𝑅𝐻𝑆 4 0
2 2

5) Express the following matrix as sum of 𝟏 𝟐

3) 𝐀 = [ ]
symmetric skew symmetric matrix. 𝟐 −𝟏
1 2 1 2
𝟑 𝟓 Solution: Let A = ( ) ⟹ A′ = ( )
1) 𝐀 = [ ] 2 −1 2 −1
𝟏 −𝟏 symmetric part 1
3 5 Now , = 2 [A + A′ ]
Solution: Let A = ( ) of matrix A
1 −1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 4
3 1 = 2 [( )+( )] = 2 ( )
⟹ A′ = ( ) 2 −1 2 −1 4 −2
5 −1 symmetric part 1 2
symmetric part 1 ⟹ =( )
Now , = 2 [A + A′ ] of matrix A 2 −1
of matrix A Skew symmetric part 1
1 3 5 3 1 1 6 6 Now , = [A − A′ ]
= 2 [( )+( )] = 2 ( ) of matrix A 2
1 −1 5 −1 6 −2 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0
symmetric part 3 3 = 2 [( )−( )] = 2 ( )
⟹ =( ) 2 −1 2 −1 0 0
of matrix A 3 −1 Skew symmetric part 0 0
Skew symmetric part 1 ⟹ =( )
Now , = 2 [A − A′ ] of matrix A 0 0
of matrix A 1 1
W.K.T , A = [A + A′ ] + [A − A′ ]
1 3 5 3 1 1 0 4 2 2
= [( )−( )] = ( ) 1 2 0 0
2 1 −1 5 −1 2 −4 0
⟹A=( )+( )
Skew symmetric part 0 2 2 −1 0 0
⟹ =( )
of matrix A −2 0
1 1
W.K.T A = 2 [A + A′ ] + 2 [A − A′ ]
3 3 0 2
⟹A=( )+( )
3 −1 −2 0

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Question Bank with Solutions Matrices

𝟏 𝟓 9) If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same

6) If 𝑨 = ( ) then verify i) 𝑨 + 𝑨′ is
𝟔 𝟕 order, then show that AB is symmetric if and
symmetric ii) 𝑨 − 𝑨′ is skew-symmetric.
only if A and B commute, that is 𝑨𝑩 = 𝑩𝑨 .
1 5 1 6
Solution: Let A = ( ) ⟹ A′ = ( ) Solution : Given: A and B are symmetric
6 7 5 7
i) A + A′ = (
1 5
)+(
1 6
)=(
2 11
) matrices. ⟹ A = AT and B = B T
6 7 5 7 11 14 Case (1): Let AB is symmetric, we shall prove
2 11
Now, (A + A′ )′ = ( ) = A + A′ that AB = BA
11 14
∴ A + A′ is symmetric Now, AB = (AB)T
ii) A − A′ = (
1 5
)−(
1 6
)=(
0 −1
) ⟹ AB = B T AT ⟹ AB = BA
6 7 5 7 1 0 Case (2): Let AB = BA, we shall prove that AB
0 1 0 −1
Now, (A − A′ )′ = ( ) = −( ) is symmetric
−1 0 1 0
⟹ (A − A′ )′ = −(A − A′ ) Now, (AB)T = B T AT = BA
⟹ (A − A′ ) = −(A − A′ )′ ⟹ (AB)T = AB
∴ A − A′ is Skew symmetric ∴ AB is symmetric.

7) For any square matrix A with Real numbers. 10) If A and B are invertible matrices of the same
Prove that 𝐀 + 𝐀𝐓 is a symmetric and 𝐀 − 𝐀𝐓 order, then prove that (𝐀𝐁)−𝟏 = 𝐁−𝟏 𝐀−𝟏 .
is a skew symmetric. Solution: Let A and B are invertible matrices.
𝑇
Solution : (i) Let 𝐴 + 𝐴 = 𝐵 ⟹ A−1 and B −1 exist
Now , 𝐵𝑇 = (𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 + (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 ⟹ A A−1 = A−1 A = I and
⟹ 𝐵𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 + 𝐴 = 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐵 BB −1 = B −1 B = I
∴ 𝐵 = 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 is symmetric. Now by definition (AB)(AB)−1 = I
(ii) Let A − AT = C (Pre multiplying both sides by 𝐴–1 )
Now, C T = (A − AT )T = AT − (AT )T = AT − A ⟹ A−1 (AB)(AB)−1 = A−1 I
⟹ C T = −(A − AT ) = −C ⟹ (A−1 A)B(AB)−1 = A−1 I (Associative law)
⟹ 𝐶 = −𝐶 𝑇 ∴ 𝐶 = 𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 is skew symmetric. ⟹ IB(AB)−1 = A−1
⟹ B(AB)−1 = A−1
8) If 𝑨 and 𝑩 are symmetric matrices then prove (Pre multiplying both sides by B–1)
that 𝑨𝑩 − 𝑩𝑨 is a skew symmetric matrix. ⟹ B −1 B(AB)−1 = B −1 A−1
Solution : Given: A and B are symmetric ⟹ 𝐼(AB)−1 = B −1 A−1
matrices.⟹ A = AT and B = B T ⟹ (AB)−1 = B −1 𝐴−1
Let AB − BA = C
Now, C T = (AB − BA)T = (AB)T − (BA)T Five Marks Questions
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
⟹ C T = B T AT − AT B T = BA − AB
1) If 𝑨 = [𝟑 −𝟐 𝟏] then show that
⟹ C T = −(AB − BA) = −C 𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
⟹ C = −CT 𝑨𝟑 − 𝟐𝟑 𝑨 − 𝟒𝟎𝑰 = 𝟎.
∴ C = AB − BA is skew symmetric matrix. Solution: Now, A2 = A. A
1 2 3 1 2 3
= [3 −2 1] [3 −2 1]
4 2 1 4 2 1
1 + 6 + 12 2 − 4 + 6 3 + 2 + 3
= [ 3−6+4 6+4+2 9−2+1 ]
4 + 6 + 4 8 − 4 + 2 12 + 2 + 1

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 5

Question Bank with Solutions Matrices

19 4 8 5 + 0 + 16 0 + 0 + 0 10 + 0 + 24
⟹ A2 = [ 1 12 8 ] = [2 + 0 + 10 0 + 8 + 0 4 + 4 + 15 ]
14 6 15 8 + 0 + 26 0 + 0 + 0 16 + 0 + 39
Now, A = A2 A
3
21 0 34
19 4 8 1 2 3 ⟹ A3 = [12 8 23]
= [ 1 12 8 ] [3 −2 1] 34 0 55
14 6 15 4 2 1 LHS = A − 6A2 + 7A + 2I
3

19 + 12 + 32 38 − 8 + 16 57 + 4 + 8 21 0 34 5 0 8
= [ 1 + 36 + 32 2 − 24 + 16 3 + 12 + 8 ] = [12 8 23] − 6 [2 4 5 ]
14 + 18 + 60 28 − 12 + 30 42 + 6 + 15 34 0 55 8 0 13
63 46 69 1 0 2 1 0 0
⟹ A3 = [69 −6 23] +7 [0 2 1] + 2 [0 1 0]
92 46 63 2 0 3 0 0 1
3
LHS = A − 23A − 40 I 21 0 34 30 0 48
63 46 69 1 2 3 = [12 8 23] − [12 24 30]
= [69 −6 23] − 23 [3 −2 1] 34 0 55 48 0 78
92 46 63 4 2 1 7 0 14 2 0 0
1 0 0 + [ 0 14 7 ] + [0 2 0]
−40 [0 1 0] 14 0 21 0 0 2
0 0 1 21 − 30 + 7 + 2 0+0+0+0 34 − 48 + 14 + 0
= [12 − 12 + 0 + 0 8 − 24 + 14 + 2 23 − 30 + 7 + 0 ]
63 46 69 23 46 69
34 − 48 + 14 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 55 − 78 + 21 + 2
= [69 −6 23] − [69 −46 23]
0 0 0
92 46 63 92 46 23
= [0 0 0] = 0 = RHS
40 0 0
0 0 0
− [ 0 40 0 ]
0 0 40
𝟐 𝟎 𝟏
3) If 𝑨 = (𝟎 −𝟑 𝟎) then prove that
63 − 23 − 40 46 − 46 − 0 69 − 69 − 0 𝟎 𝟎 𝟒
= [ 69 − 69 − 0 −6 + 46 − 40 23 − 23 − 0 ]
92 − 92 − 0 46 − 46 − 0 63 − 23 − 40 𝑨 − 𝟑𝑨𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝑨 + 𝟐𝟒𝑰 = 𝑶
𝟑

0 0 0 2 0 1
= [0 0 0] = 0 = RHS Solution: Given:𝐴 = (0 −3 0)
0 0 0 0 0 4
2 0 1 2 0 1
Now, 𝐴2 = 𝐴𝐴 = (0 −3 0) (0 −3 0)
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 0 0 4 0 0 4
2) If 𝑨 = (𝟎 𝟐 𝟏) then prove that
4+0+0 0+0+0 2+0+4
𝟐 𝟎 𝟑
= (0 + 0 + 0 0 + 9 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 )
𝑨 − 𝟔𝑨𝟐 + 𝟕𝑨 + 𝟐𝑰 = 𝑶
𝟑
0 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 16
Solution: Now, A2 = A. A 4 0 6
1 0 2 1 0 2 ⟹ 𝐴2 = (0 9 0 )
= [ 0 2 1] [ 0 2 1] 0 0 16
2 0 3 2 0 3 4 0 6 2 0 1
1+0+4 0+0+0 2+0+6 Now, 𝐴3 = 𝐴2 𝐴 = (0 9 0 ) (0 −3 0)
= [0 + 0 + 2 0 + 4 + 0 0 + 2 + 3] 0 0 16 0 0 4
2+0+6 0+0+0 4+0+9 8 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 4 + 0 + 24
5 0 8 ⟹ 𝐴3 = (0 + 0 + 0 0 − 27 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 )
2 0 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 64
⟹ A = [2 4 5 ]
8 0 13 8 0 28
3
5 0 8 1 0 2 ⟹ 𝐴 = (0 −27 0 )
Now A3 = A2 . A = [2 4 5 ] [0 2 1] 0 0 64
8 0 13 2 0 3

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 6

 Question Bank with Solutions Matrices

Now, 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴3 − 3𝐴2 − 10𝐴 + 24 𝐼 LHS = (B + C)A = [

10 21 2 3
][ ]
8 0 28 4 0 6 16 40 4 −5
20 + 84 30 − 105
= (0 −27 0 ) − 3 (0 9 0 ) =[ ]
32 + 160 48 − 200
0 0 64 0 0 16
104 −75
2 0 1 1 0 0 =[ ] … … (1)
192 −152
−10 (0 −3 0) + 24 (0 1 0) 3 8 2 3
0 0 4 0 0 1 Now, BA = [ ][ ]
11 21 4 −5
8 0 28 12 0 18 6 + 32 9 − 40 38 −31
= (0 −27 0 ) − ( 0 27 0 ) = [ ]=[ ]
22 + 84 33 − 105 106 −72
0 0 64 0 0 48 7 13 2 3
20 0 10 24 0 0 Now, CA = [ ][ ]
5 19 4 −5
− ( 0 −30 0 ) + ( 0 24 0) 14 + 52 21 − 65 66 −44
=[ ]=[ ]
0 0 40 0 0 24 10 + 76 15 − 95 86 −80
8 − 12 − 20 + 24 0−0−0+0 28 − 18 − 10 + 0 38 −31 66 −44
=( 0−0−0+0 −27 − 27 + 30 + 24 0−0−0+0 ) RHS: BA + CA = [ ]+[ ]
106 −72 86 −80
0−0−0+0 0−0−0+0 64 − 48 − 40 + 24
38 + 66 −31 − 44
0 0 0 =[ ]
106 + 86 −72 − 80
= (0 0 0) = 0 = RHS
104 −75
0 0 0 =[ ] … … (2)
192 −152
From (1) and (2), LHS = RHS
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
4) If 𝑨 = [ ] 𝑩=[ ] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪 = [ ] ⟹ (B + C)A = BA + CA
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
calculate AC, BC and (𝑨 + 𝑩). 𝑪. Also verify
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
that (𝑨 + 𝑩). 𝑪 = 𝑨𝑪 + 𝑩𝑪.
6) If 𝑨 = [−𝟒 𝟓 𝟔] 𝑩 = [𝟓 −𝟑 𝟎 ]
1 2 1 1 𝟕 𝟖 𝟎 𝟒 𝟓 −𝟑
Solution: Now, 𝐴𝐶 = [ ][ ]
2 1 2 3 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏
1+4 1+6 5 7 and 𝑪 = [ 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 ] calculate AB, AC and
=[ ]= [ ]
2+2 2+3 4 5 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
2 0 1 1 𝑨(𝑩 + 𝑪) Also verify that 𝑨(𝑩 + 𝑪) = 𝑨𝑩 + 𝑨𝑪.
Now, BC = [ ][ ]
1 3 2 3
2+0 2+0 2 2 Solution:
=[ ]= [ ] 2 3 4 2 3 −1
1+6 1+9 7 10
1 2 2 0 Now, 𝐵 + 𝐶 = [5 −3 0 ] + [ 4 5 6 ]
Now, A + B = [ ]+[ ]
2 1 1 3 4 5 −3 −1 2 3
1+2 2+0 3 2 2+2 3+3 4−1 4 6 3
=[ ]=[ ] = [5 + 4 −3 + 5 0 + 6 ] = [9 2 6]
2+1 1+3 3 4
3 2 1 1 4 − 1 5 + 2 −3 + 3 3 7 0
Now, 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶 = [ ][ ]
3 4 2 3 Now,
3+4 3+6 7 9 1 2 3 4 6 3
=[ ]=[ ] … . . (1)
3 + 8 3 + 12 11 15 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = [−4 5 6] [9 2 6]
5 7 2 2 7 8 0 3 7 0
Now, 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶 = [ ][ ]
4 5 7 10 4 + 18 + 9 6 + 4 + 21 3 + 12 + 0
5+2 7+2 7 9 = [−16 + 45 + 18 −24 + 10 + 42 −12 + 30 + 0 ]
=[ ]=[ ] … . . (2)
4 + 7 5 + 10 11 15 28 + 72 + 0 42 + 16 + 0 21 + 48 + 0
From 1 and 2 : (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶 31 31 15
⟹ 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = [ 47 28 18] … … … (1)
100 58 69
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟖 1 2 3 2 3 4
5) If 𝑨 = [ ] 𝑩=[ ] and
𝟒 −𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟏 Now, 𝐴𝐵 = [−4 5 6] [5 −3 0 ]
𝟕 𝟏𝟑 7 8 0 4 5 −3
𝑪=[ ] then verify that
𝟓 𝟏𝟗 2 + 10 + 12 3 − 6 + 15 4+0−9
(𝑩 + 𝑪). 𝑨 = 𝑩𝑨 + 𝑪𝑨. = [−8 + 25 + 24 −12 − 15 + 30 −16 + 0 − 18]
3 8 7 13 14 + 40 + 0 21 − 24 + 0 28 + 0 − 0
Solution: Now, 𝐵 + 𝐶 = [ ]+[ ] 24 12 −5
11 21 5 19
3+7 8 + 13 10 21 ⟹ 𝐴𝐵 = [41 3 −34]
=[ ]=[ ] 54 −3 28
11 + 5 21 + 19 16 40

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 7

Question Bank with Solutions Matrices

1 2 3 2 3 −1 0 0 −3
Now, 𝐴𝐶 = [−4 5 6] [ 4 5 6 ] = [9 −1 5 ] … … … … (2)
7 8 0 −1 2 3 2 1 1
2+8−3 3 + 10 + 6 −1 + 12 + 9 From 1 and 2 : A + (B − C) = (A + B) − C
= [−8 + 20 − 6 −12 + 25 + 12 4 + 30 + 18 ]
14 + 32 + 0 21 + 40 + 0 −7 + 48 + 0
7 19 20 𝟎 𝟔 𝟕 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 = [ 6 25 52] 8) If 𝑨 = [−𝟔 𝟎 𝟖] , 𝑩 = [𝟏 𝟎 𝟐] and
46 61 41 𝟕 −𝟖 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎
Now, 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶 𝟐
𝑪 = [−𝟐] Calculate AC, BC and (𝑨 + 𝑩)𝑪.
24 12 −5 7 19 20
𝟑
= [41 3 −34] + [ 6 25 52]
Also, verify that (𝑨 + 𝑩)𝑪 = 𝑨𝑪 + 𝑩𝑪.
54 −3 28 46 61 41
24 + 7 12 + 19 −5 + 20 0 6 7 2
= [ 41 + 6 Solution: Now, 𝐴𝐶 = [−6 0 8] [−2]
3 + 25 −34 + 52]
54 + 46 −3 + 61 28 + 41 7 −8 0 3
0 − 12 + 21 9
31 31 15
= [−12 + 0 + 24] = [12]
= [ 47 28 18] … … . (2)
14 + 16 + 0 30
100 58 69
0 1 1 2
From (1) and (2), LHS = RHS Now, BC = [1 0 2] [−2]
⟹ 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶 1 2 0 3
0−2+3 1
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 = [ 2 + 0 + 6] = [ 8 ]
7) If 𝐀 = [𝟓 𝟎 𝟐 ] , 𝐁 = [𝟒 𝟐 𝟓] and 2−4+0 −2
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟑
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 Now, A + B
𝐂 = [𝟎 𝟑 𝟐] then compute (𝐀 + 𝐁) and 0 6 7 0 1 1 0 7 8
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑 = [−6 0 8] + [1 0 2] = [−5 0 10]
(𝐁 − 𝐂). Also verify 𝐀 + (𝐁 − 𝐂) = (𝐀 + 𝐁) − 𝐂. 7 −8 0 1 2 0 8 −6 0
Solution: Now, 𝐴 + 𝐵 Now, 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝐶
1 2 −3 3 −1 2 0 7 8 2
=[5 0 2 ] + [ 4 2 5] = [−5 0 10] [−2]
1 −1 1 2 0 3 8 −6 0 3
4 1 −1 0 − 14 + 24 10
= [9 2 7] = [−10 + 0 + 30] = [20] … … … . . (1)
3 −1 4 16 + 12 + 0 28
Now, B − C Now, 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐵𝐶
3 −1 2 4 1 2 9 1 10
= [ 4 2 5] − [ 0 3 2] = [12] + [ 8 ] = [20] … … … . . (2)
2 0 3 1 −2 3 30 −2 28
−1 −2 0 (A
From 1 and 2 : + B)C = AC + BC
= [ 4 −1 3]
1 2 0 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
Now, 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴 + (𝐵 − 𝐶) 9) If 𝐀 = (𝟐 𝟎 𝟑 ) , 𝐁 = ( 𝟎 𝟐)
1 2 −3 −1 −2 0 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒
= [5 0 2 ] + [ 4 −1 3] 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟒
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂 = ( ) then prove that
1 −1 1 1 2 0 𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟏
0 0 −3 (𝐀𝐁)𝐂 = 𝐀(𝐁𝐂).
= [9 −1 5 ] … … … … (1)
Solution: Now,
2 1 1
1 1 −1 1 3
Now, 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = (𝐴 + 𝐵) − 𝐶
AB = [2 0 3 ] [ 0 2]
4 1 −1 4 1 2
3 −1 2 −1 4
= [9 2 7 ] − [0 3 2] 2 1
1+0+1 3+2−4
3 −1 4 1 −2 3 = [ 2 + 0 − 3 6 + 0 + 12 ] = [−1 18]
3+0−2 9−2+8 1 15

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 8

Question Bank with Solutions Matrices

2 1 −2 4 5
1 2 3 −4
Now, (AB)C = [−1 18] [ ] = [−6 12 15 ] … … … (2)
2 0 −2 1
1 15 12 −24 −30
2+2 4+0 6 − 2 −8 + 1 From 1 and 2 : (AB)′ = B ′ A′
= [−1 + 36 −2 + 0 −3 − 36 4 + 18]
1 + 30 2 + 0 3 − 30 −4 + 15 𝟏
LHS = (AB)C 11) If 𝑨 = [−𝟒] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩 = [−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏], verify
4 4 4 −7 𝟑
= [35 −2 −39 22] − −(1) that (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′ .
31 2 −27 11
Solution:
1 3
1 2 3 −4 1
Now, BC = [ 0 2] [ ]
2 0 −2 1 Now, 𝐴 = [−4] ⟹ 𝐴′ = [1 −4 3]
−1 4
1+6 2 + 0 3 − 6 −4 + 3 3
=[ 0+4 −1
0+0 0−4 0+2 ]
𝐵 = [−1 2 1] ⟹ 𝐵′ = [ 2 ]
−1 + 8 −2 + 0 −3 − 8 4 + 4
7 2 −3 −1 1
1
⟹ BC = [4 0 −4 2 ] Now, 𝐴𝐵 = [−4] [−1 2 1]
7 −2 −11 8
3
RHS = A(BC) −1 2 1
1 1 −1 7 2 −3 −1 = [ 4 −8 −4]
= [2 0 3 ] [4 0 −4 2 ] −3 6 3
3 −1 2 7 −2 −11 8 Now, 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (𝐴𝐵)′
7+4−7 2+0+2 −3 − 4 + 11 −1 + 2 − 8
= [14 + 0 + 21 4 + 0 − 6 −6 + 0 − 33 −2 + 0 + 24] −1 4 −3
21 − 4 + 14 6 + 0 − 6 −9 + 4 − 22 −3 − 2 + 16 = [ 2 −8 6 ] … … (1)
4 4 4 −7 1 −4 3
⟹ A(BC) = [35 −2 −39 22] − −(2) −1
31 2 −27 11 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝐵′ 𝐴′ = [ 2 ] [1 −4 3]
From 1 and 2: (AB)C = A(BC) 1
−1 4 −3
= [ 2 −8 6 ] … … . (2)
−𝟐 1 −4 3
10) If 𝑨 = [ 𝟒 ] and 𝑩 = [𝟏 𝟑 −𝟔], verify
From (1) and (2), 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
𝟓
that (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′ . ⟹ (𝐴𝐵)′ = 𝐵′ 𝐴′
Solution:
−2 𝟑 𝟒
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
A = [ 4 ] ⟹ A′ = [−2 4 5] and 12) If 𝑨′ = [−𝟏 𝟐] & 𝑩 = [ ] then
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
5 𝟎 𝟏
1 verify (𝑨 − 𝑩)′ = 𝑨′ − 𝑩′ & (𝑨 + 𝑩)′ = 𝑨′ + 𝑩′
B = [1 3 −6] ⟹ B ′ = [ 3 ] Solution:
−6 3 4
−2 3 −1 0
Now, 𝐴′ = [−1 2] ⟹ 𝐴 = [ ]
Now, AB = [ 4 ] [1 3 −6] 4 2 1
0 1
5 −1 1
−2 −6 12 −1 2 1
𝐵=[ ] ⟹ 𝐵 ′ = [ 2 2]
= [ 4 12 −24] 1 2 3
1 3
5 15 −30 3 −1 0 −1 2 1
Now, LHS = (AB)′ Now, 𝐴 − 𝐵 = [ ]−[ ]
4 2 1 1 2 3
−2 4 5 3 + 1 −1 − 2 0 − 1
=[ ]
= [−6 12 15 ] … … … (1) 4−1 2−2 1−3
12 −24 −30 4 −3 −1
⟹𝐴−𝐵 =[ ]
1 3 0 −2
Now, RHS = B ′ A′ = [ 3 ] [−2 4 5] 4 3
−6 Now, 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (𝐴 − 𝐵)′ = [−3 0 ] … … . (1)
−1 −2

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Question Bank with Solutions Matrices

3 4 −1 1 3 1 8
Now, 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴′ − 𝐵′ = [−1 2] − [ 2 2] ⟹𝐴−𝐵 =[ 4 5 9]
0 1 1 3 −3 −2 0
3+1 4−1 4 3 3 4 −3
= [−1 − 2 2 − 2] = [−3 0 ] … … … (2) Now, 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (𝐴 − 𝐵)′ = [1 5 −2] … . (1)
0−1 1−3 −1 −2 8 9 0
From (1) and (2), 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 , Now, 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝐴′ − 𝐵′
⟹ (𝐴 − 𝐵)| = 𝐴| − 𝐵| −1 5 −2 −4 1 1
3 −1 0 −1 2 1 = [ 2 7 1 ] − [ 1 2 3]
Now, 𝐴 + 𝐵 = [ ]+[ ] 3 9 1 −5 0 1
4 2 1 1 2 3
3 − 1 −1 + 2 0 + 1 −1 + 4 5 − 1 −2 − 1
=[ ] = [ 2−1 7−2 1−3 ]
4+1 2+2 1+3
2 1 1 3+5 9−0 1−1
⟹𝐴+𝐵 =[ ] 3 4 −3
5 4 4
2 5 = [1 5 −2] … … … (2)
Now, LHS = (𝐴 + 𝐵)′ = [1 4] … … . (3) 8 9 0
1 4 From (1) and (2), 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 ,
3 4 −1 1 ⟹ (𝐴 − 𝐵)′ = 𝐴′ − 𝐵′
Now, RHS = 𝐴′ + 𝐵′ = [−1 2] + [ 2 2] −1 2 3 −4 1 −5
0 1 1 3 Now, 𝐴 + 𝐵 = [ 5 7 9] + [ 1 2 0 ]
3−1 4+1 2 5
−2 1 1 1 3 1
= [−1 + 2 2 + 2] = [1 4] … … . . (4)
−1 − 4 2 + 1 3 − 5
0+1 1+3 1 4 = [ 5 + 1 7 + 2 9 + 0]
From (3) and (4) , 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 , −2 + 1 1 + 3 1 + 1
⟹ (𝐴 + 𝐵)′ = 𝐴′ + 𝐵′ −5 3 −2
⟹𝐴+𝐵 =[ 6 9 9 ]
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟏 −𝟓 −1 4 2
13) If 𝑨 = [ 𝟓 𝟕 𝟗] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩 = [ 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 ] −5 6 −1
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 Now, LHS = (𝐴 + 𝐵)′ = [ 3 9 4 ] … . (3)
′ ′ ′
then verify (𝑨 − 𝑩) = 𝑨 − 𝑩 and −2 9 2
Now, RHS = 𝐴′ + 𝐵′ \
(𝑨 + 𝑩)′ = 𝑨′ + 𝑩′
−1 5 −2 −4 1 1
Solution: = [ 2 7 1 ] + [ 1 2 3]
−1
2 3 −1 5 −2 3 9 1 −5 0 1
Now, 𝐴 = [ 5 7 9] ⟹ 𝐴′ = [ 2 7 1 ] −1 − 4 5 + 1 −2 + 1
−2 1 1 3 9 1 = [ 2+1 7+2 1+3 ]
−4 1 −5 −4 1 1
𝐵 = [ 1 2 0 ] ⟹ 𝐵 ′ = [ 1 2 3] 3−5 9+0 1+1
1 3 1 −5 0 1 −5 6 −1
−1 2 3 −4 1 −5 = [ 3 9 4 ] … … . . (4)
Now, 𝐴 − 𝐵 = [ 5 7 9] − [ 1 2 0] −2 9 2
−2 1 1 1 3 1 From (3) and (4) , 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 ,
−1 + 4 2 − 1 3 + 5 ⟹ (𝐴 + 𝐵)′ = 𝐴′ + 𝐵′
= [ 5 − 1 7 − 2 9 − 0]
−2 − 1 1 − 3 1 − 1

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 10