CHAPTER 1: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

1.1 Demography
Decadal population growth rate of Dhemaji Planning Area has decreased significantly
from 52.14 percent in 2001 to 15.11 percent in 2011 which is indicative of the massive
out-migration caused due to lack of employment opportunities in this area.
Unemployment is a major issue in Dhemaji which can be solved by further promoting
and developing industrial and commercial establishments in the region.

Sex ratio in Dhemaji has improved, particularly in the urban area, from 717 in 1991 to
967 in 2011, which is reflective of an increase in the number of female births; a positive
societal change. Literacy rate has also gone up from 63.19 percent in 1991 to 85.76
percent in 2011. In fact, percent increase for female literacy rate has been much more
than that for male literacy rate in both urban and rural areas.

Workforce participation has also shown a positive trend, particularly from 2001 to
2011, whereby the workforce participation rate increased from 37.94 percent to 46.24
percent. As per Census of India 2011, more than 55 percent of the workers are
cultivators which imply that most of the workers in the area are engaged in primary
activities. Percent of cultivators has also increased from 2001 to 2011, indicating
deepening trend towards agrarian nature of the economy.

1.2 Economy
Economy of Dhemaji is generally agro based. Sericulture, fishing and driftwood business
are practiced at a smaller scale. However, sand deposition and other adverse effects of
chronic floods on fertile agricultural land have made even the affluent farmers landless.
Dearth of any major industry is responsible for multiplying the problem of
unemployment within the town and surrounding villages. Some of the small-scale units
are registered as weaving or handloom and bamboo industries, however the actual
production does not have any market value due to competition from highly finished
machine goods that are cheap and maintenance free. The silk industry has the potential
to be commercially tapped. Some local people of the area also produce mustard, but
they are not able to compete with the non-native businessmen who control the market.
Local economy is thus characterized by subsistence level of production and
consumption.

1.3 Housing
Since Dhemaji is prone to floods and earthquakes, building techniques that have proven
to be disaster-resistant are used here. Due to the cheap availability of raw materials, the
natives of Dhemaji have traditionally lived in individual dwellings made of bamboo and
wood. However, due to population expansion and space constraints, RCC buildings and
multi-storied structures have grown in the last decade. Many of these structures are not
built to withstand earthquakes.

Over 9 percent of houses in the planning area are dilapidated and need to be renovated
to improve their condition. Temporary structures account for 26.8 percent of the total
housing. These structures are worst affected at the time of floods and therefore, need to
be retrofitted to make them adapt better to natural calamities. The demand and supply
of housing needs to be analysed to further aid in determining the town's housing
shortage.

1.4 Traffic and Transportation

NH15 passes through Dhemaji town, connecting it to the nearby towns of Bordoloni,
Gogamukh, Silapathar and Jonai. It serves as a lifeline for Dhemaji by facilitating transit
connectivity. It is the sole way to get to Arunachal Pradesh and acts as a vital link for the
movement of people and goods in and around the planning area. NH15 runs through the
town's centre in an east-west direction. Converting NH15 into a two-lane road with
adjacent footpaths and underground pucca drains is required.

The traffic problem in Dhemaji is not due to the high growth of the fast-moving vehicles
but because of the unplanned road network, centrally located bus-terminal, insufficient
parking space, narrow roads, defective road termination and non-maintenance of roads.
These issues need to be tackled comprehensively. Traffic congestion worsens during the
monsoon season at the time of heavy rains when most of the local roads are water-
logged.

1.5 Water Supply and Drainage

Groundwater is the principal source of water in the Dhemaji Planning Area. The
municipality has not implemented piped water supply scheme within the town. So,
ground water is retrieved at the household level through wells, handpumps, tube wells,
tanks, and other means. The chemical quality of Dhemaji's ground water is not as per
the required standards. A high quantity of some dangerous elements, including iron and
arsenic, has been found which exceed the permissible limit set by BIS and WHO.

Because of the existing hydrogeological setup and the abundance of ground water
resources, there is a lot of room for ground water development by building ground
water abstraction facilities. In the near future, tube wells or filter point wells could also
be used. Iron treatment plants and water supply stations by the Public Health and
Engineering Department (PHED) must be established as soon as possible for drinking
purposes. The presence of arsenic in shallow ground water necessitates immediate
investigation, and based on the findings, water from very deep aquifers should only be
distributed. A large number of tube wells under the Public Health and Engineering
Department are currently inactive or have very low discharge. Rehabilitation of these
wells is to be carried out so as to mitigate water scarcity.

The drainage system of Dhemaji is inadequate, resulting in regular flooding of highways

and streets during the rainy season. The drains are not well connected or continuous
which often leads to water logging within the town. So, construction and repair of
stormwater drainage system must be prioritised. Since the town is prone to flooding,
construction of drains along the natural drainage network would be preferrable.

1.6 Solid Waste Management

Solid waste management system is highly inadequate and disorganized in Dhemaji
town. Only one dump site exists, and efforts are being made to make the second dump
site operational. Recycling or reuse of wastes is not being done adequately at the town
level and no centralized compost plant is operational at present. To tackle the problem
of solid waste management and to promote cleanliness in the town, Dhemaji Municipal
Board needs to set up a greater number of community bins in the area. Door to door
collection of waste must be facilitated for which more pick-up vehicles would be
required. Preventive, maintenance and monitoring measures must be implemented to
ensure adequate collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste. For biomedical
and hazardous waste, source segregation becomes really important.

A new disposal site needs to be developed and operated following the guidelines
provided under the MSW Rules, 2016 issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forests
and Climate Change (MOEFCC). So far, no studies have been carried out to determine
the effect of waste disposal operations on the surrounding environment in Dhemaji
town.

1.7 Sanitation
Access to basic sanitation is a critical concern in the Dhemaji Planning Area. Due to the
absence of sewerage system at the town level, most households have installed private
latrines in the form of flush or pit latrines in their homes. According to Census of India
2011, 7.7 percent of urban households and 49.7 percent of rural households do not have
a latrine. Also, 92.1 percent of households discharge wastewater in the open, posing a
major health risk.

Individual household latrines were built in villages under the Swachh Bharat Mission to
give access to sanitation and eliminate open defecation. However, during the primary
survey we found that some families in rural areas believe that a pucca latrine might
dirty their environment. Such beliefs are reflective of the economic and cultural reasons
that explain the prevalence of open defecation in Dhemaji. Many households in rural
areas are economically poor and have kuccha latrines or temporary toilets that get
washed away during the flood season. Although sanitation coverage under the Swachh
Bharat Mission in Dhemaji is noteworthy but until effective steps are uniformly
implemented in the planning area, it would be difficult to curtail the menace of open
defecation.

1.8 Social Infrastructure

There are 28 schools and colleges in Dhemaji town which serve a population of 29,931.
Of these, primary and secondary schools in the town are more than the required
number, whereas secondary and senior secondary schools are fewer. The town's
primary medical institution is Dhemaji Civil Hospital. Apart from this, the town centre
has two nursing homes. Although there are enough healthcare facilities to support the
town's population, the quality of their services is subpar. Majority of hotels and
restaurants are located along the main routes, that is, NH15 and Station Road. The
recreational facilities in the town, particularly with respect to tourism, have immense
scope for development. More number of public parks must be developed where
residents can spend their leisure time. Within the town area, there are three market
complexes. However, these market facilities lack adequate maintenance and are in a
dilapidated state. All communal gatherings and religious ceremonies in Dhemaji are
usually held in Naamghars.

1.9 Environment and Natural Disasters

Dhemaji has abundant water resources and a complex geomorphology. Its environment
is prone to damage, particularly in areas vulnerable to several natural hazards. High
iron and arsenic content in drinking water sources remains a major concern. Therefore,
the presence of harmful elements in shallow ground water must be carefully assessed
and water from deep aquifers alone should be provided for drinking purpose. With an
even distribution of small water bodies throughout the urban area, Dhemaji has huge
potential for developing its water resources. But above observations suggest that these
water bodies require proper maintenance and quality checks.

Floods and erosion are the major natural hazards that need to be dealt with. Loss of life,
property, livestock and croplands because of floods is still a serious issue. The area lies
in high seismic risk zone making it vulnerable to earthquakes. Therefore, the Master
Plan could consider making careful consideration for disaster mitigation strategies with
adequate provisions for relief shelters, damage prevention and rescue plans.

1.10 Governance and Finance

Overall, in the ULB, there appears to be a lack of experience in handling big
infrastructure projects. Data management and availability are one of the major issues in
the ULB leading to improper records, lack of analytically sound decision-making, and
administrative negligence. For the yearly capital and revenue financial records, there is
a need to provide suitable training on the double-entry accounting or accrual system of
accounting. Loopholes in the maintenance of detailed financial records have led to
severe inefficiency in the revenue collection system. The asset management and
maintenance are also inadequate. There is considerable room for review and revision of
the current tax rates. Dhemaji Municipal Board also lacks a proper information system
and mechanism for updating the registry of land and properties. The municipality has
vacant properties which break the continuous process of valuation and collection. Also,
there is lack of manpower to conduct all of its administrative processes. The database
and information management are poor and still reliant on obsolete methods of record
keeping. There is a lack of use of technology in infrastructure monitoring, which can
provide faster, more accurate, and easy to maintain records. To achieve this, more
technically skilled human resource needs to be placed in the ULB, and skill development
training needs to be provided for the existing staff.

Looking at taxation, the property tax collected by the Dhemaji Municipal Board is not
enough to yield adequate revenue for meeting the local needs and demands of the city.
The tax collection efficiency in Dhemaji is low, which might be a result of failure to
revise the tax base from time to time. The data collected from the primary and
secondary surveys reflects lesser tax collection as compared to the other sources of
revenue income like government grants.

The governance and financial institutions of the town seem to have a definite scope for
development as their tasks and responsibilities are increasing manifold due to their
expanded jurisdiction since 2016. Also, proper utilization and management of existing
human as well as financial resources can provide a platform for much more efficient and
holistic growth. The institutional framework of the local governance in Dhemaji,
therefore, needs improvement as it can play a dynamic role in the overall development
of the area. The increase in the collection of the board’s own revenue is indicative of its
growth and stability. In fact, growth of the own revenue depends solely on well-
functioning and good service delivery of the board. It would be pertinent to examine the
extent of movement of own tax and non-tax collection by the Dhemaji Municipal Board
over time for analytically sound and successful decision-making.

1.11 Conclusions
Rent infrastructural developments, which include Bogibeel bridge, Dhemaji Engineering
College and Dhemaji Law College, have enhanced the scope and potential for future
growth in Dhemaji, particularly within the town, and this must be taken into
consideration while estimating the projected population for the year 2041. Bogibeel
Bridge has increased the accessibility of the town from the nearby urban centres
situated in Upper Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. With an upcoming Medical College,
Dhemaji is being envisioned to serve as an educational hub in the near future.

However, growth in terms of physical infrastructure has been minimal. There’s a dire
need to come up with a piped water supply scheme and a sewerage network at the town
level. Also, adequate measures to improve the stormwater drainage network and solid
waste management system need to be taken.

On these bases, the planning and development proposals for Dhemaji Master Plan 2041
should be formulated with a vision to accelerate economic growth and infrastructural
development in the area. The aim would be to provide basic facilities in terms of
physical and social infrastructure and to generate adequate employment opportunities
with the following objectives:

- To evaluate the housing demand and make adequate provisions to meet the housing
requirement.

- To propose piped water supply system, particularly within the town area, through
adequate extraction, treatment and distribution of surface water and ground water.

- To design sewerage network for the town which would require the provision of a
Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) of the required capacity. In the initial phase, Faecal
Sludge Treatment Plant (FSTP) can be proposed.

- To allocate space for a Waste Management Site for adequate treatment and disposal
of all types of wastes.

- To improve the stormwater drainage system to curb the problem of flooding.

- To propose social infrastructure facilities in the form of schools, colleges, university

and hospitals as required for the projected population.

- To plan out a network for roads, particularly, sub-arterial and collector roads, in
order to minimise the volume of traffic on NH15 and Station road.

- To identify pockets for industrial establishments, preferably away from the town.

- To utilise the immense potential of sericulture and handloom in the area

 CHAPTER 2: Proposals
2.1 Demography
2.2 Population Projection
As per Census 2011, the population of Dhemaji Planning Area is 77,791, of which 47,860
is the rural population and 29,931 is the urban population. The growth rate for Dhemaji
Planning Area has declined significantly from 37.67 percent in 1991-2001 to 16.18
percent in 2001-11, as discussed in section Error: Reference source not found of this
report. However, it is expected that because of the proposed development being
induced through this Master Plan, the growth rate is expected to increase in the coming
decades. Based on this, taking an average growth rate of 20 percent for rural areas and
25 percent for urban area, the projected population of the Planning Area is projected
which comes out as 1,45,000 as shown in Table 14.1. Of this, 85,000 is the projected
rural population and 60,000 is the projected urban population.

Table 14.1: Population Projection for Dhemaji Planning Area, 2041

Year Rural Urban Total

2011 47,860 29,931 77,791

2021 59,078 37,713 96,791

2031 70,893 47,518 118,411

2041 85,071 59,873 144,944

2.3 Rural-Urban Scenario

The projected population figures depict that by 2041, 58 percent of the population
would reside in rural areas while 42 percent would be living within the town, indicating
that the proposed development would aim to give a push to urbanisation in the
Planning Area. This further implies that while maintaining the rural character of
Dhemaji, infrastructural proposals in the form of industries, commercial centres,
educational institutions, and healthcare facilities would promote economic growth,
thereby increasing the share of population in the urban area.

The projected population would form the basis for estimating the capacity and area for
the proposed facilities and amenities.

2.4 Land Use Distribution

The proposed land use distribution for horizon year 2041 is given in Table 22.2. Total
developed land is 35.3 sq. km in the Dhemaji Planning Area.

Table 22.2: Proposed Land Use Distribution for Dhemaji Master Plan, 2041
Planning Area Percent of
Area (Sq Percent of Planning Developed
S.No. Proposed Land Use km) Area Land
1 Residential 25.52 18.0 72.3
2 Commercial 0.66 0.5 1.9
3 Industry 0.75 0.5 2.1
4 Public & Semi Public 1.63 1.1 4.6
Recreational/
5 Playground/ Parks 0.62 0.4 1.8
6 Roads 4.59 3.2 13.0
7 Transportation 1.53 1.1 4.3
Developed Area 35.30 24.8
8 Water Body Buffer 15.29 10.8
9 Social Forestry 0.55 0.4
Compensatory
10 Afforestation 0.81 0.6
11 Agriculture 76.22 53.7
12 Water Body 4.95 3.5
13 Open Space/Grassland 8.95 6.3
Undeveloped Area 106.77 75.2
Total 142.06 100.0
Source: SPA Delhi (2022).

2.5 Residential
Based on demographic projections, an additional area of 6.1 Sq Km of land is proposed
for residential development. Plotted housing will continue to be the only housing
typology in the Planning Area. NH15 divides Dhemaji town into two parts. From
temporal geospatial analysis, it has been found that growth of Dhemaji town has been
proceeding towards the west that is near the Station Road. In the eastern part, the PNGB
Road and Civil Hospital Road form a loop. Residential development has been only
taking place along these roads. The area within the loop remains relatively
undeveloped. This has led to a leapfrog pattern of development. For balanced
development of the town, the proposed residential area has been recommended
primarily in the eastern direction. To facilitate the development of residential areas,
grid iron pattern of road network has been proposed. Considering the direction of
growth, a smaller chunk of residential area is also proposed in the western direction.
The proposed residential area is integrated with the existing developments.

2.6 Commercial
Existing government offices in the core of the town cause congestion, thereby reducing
accessibility for other amenities. These spaces have potential to be transformed into
commercial use after shifting government offices towards the north of the town. This
will generate additional revenues for government. Commercial area is also proposed
along NH15 and Station Road up to a width of 50 m on both sides. Informal market that
is vending zone is proposed in the old bus stand area in the core of the town. Two Local
Shopping Centres have also been proposed in the residential area.

2.7 Industrial
From an industrial perspective, the agro-based economy of Dhemaji provides room for
the development of agro-based industries such as rice mills, oil manufacturing, etc. For
this, land measuring 18.7 hectares has been allocated towards the north of the Planning
Area. Automobile-based small-scale workshops have sprung along NH15, particularly in
the outer wards. Apart from this, a significant number of manufacturing industries for
metal fabrication, wooden furniture, bamboo items, etc. are present in the Planning
Area. This is indicative of the fact that there is a scope for future development of similar
industries in this sector. So, 24.5 hectare of land has been allocated for manufacturing
industries in the vicinity of Dhemaji Railway Station. It has been kept away from the
town to protect residential areas from the resultant air and noise pollution. Since there
is ample production of silk in Dhemaji, handloom based small and medium scale
industries have been proposed towards the south of the town on an area of 31.8
hectares. A total of 75 hectares of land has been allocated for industrial use.
2.8 Public Semi Public
Government offices are presently spread unevenly across the entire town. Sprawling
commercial areas, existing government offices and bus stand have caused congestion in
town’s core. To resolve this issue, Master Plan 2041 has proposed an integrated
Administrative Complex to house all government offices at one place. 1.58 hectares of
land has been allocated for this with immediate accessibility to NH15. To enable overall
development and wellbeing of citizens of Dhemaji Planning Area, adequate facilities for
education, health and wellbeing, socio-cultural development and recreation are
proposed. A university covering 23.25 hectares of land is proposed in Telijan. Two
integrated schools have been also proposed on either side of NH15.

2.9 Transportation
Dhemaji Master Plan 2041 aims to enhance connectivity within as well as outside
Dhemaji Municipal Area. The proposed Bypass provides accessibility to all major
proposed developments. Grid iron pattern of road network has been proposed within
the Municipal Area. The existing bus stand is being shifted towards the south in the
outskirts of the town along NH15. Additional area of 4.91 hectare has been allocated to
upgrade the bus stand to function as an Inter State Bus Terminal.

2.10 Open Spaces

Dhemaji town lacks organized green spaces. Currently, the town has a Children’s Park
and a Courtfield, both are located along NH15. The Master Plan proposes 19.88 hectares
of land for Community Park to be developed in Ward 5 which could be developed as a
theme park with suitable landscaping features. The existing Children’s Park is extended
to include coherent activities like handicraft haat and tourist information centre. It has
the potential to be developed as a tourist destination. Two community parks have also
been proposed in the Municipal Area as organized open spaces for recreation.

2.11 Agriculture
Agriculture remains the primary occupation in villages within the Planning Area.
Therefore, revamping the agriculture sector is necessary. Emphasis should be placed on
enhancing irrigation facilities and provision of government schemes and incentives to
make agriculture lucrative to farmers. Further, farmers should be facilitated to grow
commercial crops which could further be used in food-processing industries. Error:
Reference source not found depicts the Proposed Land Use for Dhemaji Planning
Area, 2041.

2.12 Compensatory Afforestation

During the development process land acquisition will be required and to compensate
that separate land has been alloted in the proposed land use as compensatory
afforestation. 0.81 sq.km land of compensatory afforestation has been provided within
the planning area, out which 0.35 sq. km is within municipal area. One pocket of such
land has been provided in No.1 Kochoiting Gaon, Nalanipam Gaon and Hatigarh Gaon.
Another strip of compensatory afforestation has been provided along NH-15, in Ward 7
and Choukham Gaon. Apart from 15.29 sq. km of buffers for the water bodies have been
proposed as sites for compensatory afforestation.

2.13 Water Bodies

In order to raise the level of the ground water and establish storage reservoirs for the
runoff that may be used for irrigation and agriculture, three new water recharge zones
have been suggested inside the Dhemaji planning area. Total of 4.75 hectares of water
recharge areas have been proposed within the planning area. The average depth of
these bodies of water is three metres. The total amount of water bodies in the Dhemaji
planning area can hold one day's worth of runoff from the area's highest rainfall.

2.14 Housing Assessment

Table 15.3: Housing Assessment for Dhemaji Planning Area, 2041
Aspects 2011 2021 2031 2041
Population 77,791 96,791 1,18,411 1,44,944
Household Size 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4
Housing Need 16,697 21,273 26,609 33,320
Available Housing Stock 13,650 13,650 13,650 13,650
Housing Gap 3,047 7,623 12,959 19,671
Housing Supply - - 12,000 19,700
Source: Estimated based on Census of India (2011).

As per PMAY-HFA(U) report of Dhemaji district, the total number of beneficiaries are
5,307 and out of which 1,656 houses have been completed. Hence, the effective
requirement of housing stocks for 2041 is 19,671 – 1,656 = 18,015.
Since, (5,307 – 1,656) = 3,651 houses are yet to be constructed under PMAY(U), hence,
the required housing supply for Dhemaji Planning Area is 18,015 – 3,651 = 14,364 i.e
approximately 14,400 houses.

Spatial allocation of land for housing or residential land use seeks to first allocate vacant
lands within the municipal area. Once vacant municipal lands are exhausted, land within
the planning area is proposed for further development and use. Based on the percent of
population in each economic class and the corresponding plot sizes, the total residential
area required to meet the housing need in 2041 would be 615.05 hectare as shown in
Table 15.4.

As discussed in section Error: Reference source not found, the residential area in 2022
is 1,937.4 hectare. Error: Reference source not found and Error: Reference source
not found depict spatial allocation of land for residential area for balanced
development of the town, proposed residential area has been recommended primarily
in the eastern direction. Vacant land measuring 615.05 hectares of land has been
allocated for residential purposes bounded by the loop. To facilitate the development of
residential areas, grid iron pattern of road network has been proposed. Considering the
direction of growth, a smaller chunk of residential area is also proposed in the western
direction. The proposed residential area is integrated with the existing developments.

Table 15.4: Proposed Plot Sizes for Different Economic Classes for Additional
population
Additional Population Additional Proposed Proposed
Economic Class Number of Plot Sizes Residential
Percent Numbers HH (sq m) area (Ha)
Economically
30 20,146 4579 100-200
Weaker Section 111.09
Low Income Group 25 16,788 3816 200-300 135.05
Middle Income
20 13,431 3052 300-400
Group-I 148.3
Middle Income
10 6,715 1526 400-500
Group-II 77.08
High Income
10 6,715 1526 500-600
Group-I 89.52
High Income
5 3,358 763 600-700
Group-II 54.01
Total 67,153 15,262 615.05
Source: SPA New Delhi (2023).
Although, the requirement for additional number of houses is 14,400 for 2041 in the
planning area, 15,262 houses are proposed to cater any population inflation.
2.15 Trade and Commerce
For the development of trade and commerce, there is a need to rejuvenate and
redevelop the existing commercial area with better accessibility and parking spaces,
and allocate additional area for commercial activities. Dhemaji Master Plan 2041
proposes to shift government offices from the town’s centre to the north of the
municipal area. This would create enough space for developing a City Centre for
commercial activities on the land vacated by the existing administrative offices near
Tiniali junction.

Overall, the major commercial areas for Dhemaji have been proposed along NH15 and
Station Road up to a distance of 50 meter on both sides of the arterial roads as shown in
Error: Reference source not found and Error: Reference source not found. Additionally,
an area of 4 hectares has been allocated as vegetable and fish mandi within the town
which will serve as a trading hub for vegetables, fruits and fish. Similarly, an area of 5
hectare each for grain mandi and cattle mandi has been also proposed. The cattle mandi
would lie near the railway station and the grain mandi near NH15, making these readily
accessible.

2.16 Informal Markets

Dhemaji Master Plan 2041 aims to foster inclusive economic growth. To achieve this
goal, it is necessary that due importance is given to the informal sector which includes
street vendors, vegetable sellers, fruit sellers, etc. So, a land measuring 1 hectare has
been proposed as a vending zone near Tiniali junction where the old ASTC Bus stand
was located. Since the Master Plan proposes to relocate this bus stand as would be
discussed in section 2.19. This area can be transformed into a retail market for
vegetables and fruits for the local community. Located near the City Centre, the vending
zone would be easily accessible. It can be developed in a phased manner as an attempt
to protect the interests of the vulnerable sections of the community.

2.17 Industries
For urban areas, industries are enablers of economic development and employment
generation. As indicated in the analysis, Dhemaji Planning Area has been bereft of
industrial development for too long. Except for a few small-scale rice mills, there are not
any significant industries located within the town.
Since Dhemaji is known for its production of muga silk and has a workforce trained in
weaving and handloom, there is immense potential for the development of silk-based
handloom industries in the area. It is also proposed that the state government should
play a major role by providing financial incentives for the growth of small and medium
scale handloom enterprises in the Planning Area. Raw materials that are now being
shipped out of the district could be used for domestic production. The master plan
offers 75 hectares of land for industries, as shown in Error: Reference source not found.
A handloom market is also proposed along NH15, which would serve as a suitable place
for weavers to sell their products, diminishing the involvement of middlemen or
traders. This would help weavers in widening their businesses and making higher
profits.

Since agriculture sector contributes significantly to the economy of Dhemaji, the Master
Plan suggests promotion of intensification of agriculture. The improved irrigation
facilities should be prioritised so that commercial crops can be planted twice a year,
resulting in higher yields and improved farm income.

The Assam government should promote sericulture in rural areas by giving suitable
incentives for household level small scale industries engaged in weaving and handloom.

From an industrial perspective, the agro-based economy of Dhemaji provides room for
the development of agro-based industries such as rice mills, oil manufacturing, etc. For
this, a land of 18.7 hectares has been allocated towards the north of the Planning Area.

Automobile-based small-scale workshops have sprung up along NH15, particularly in

the outer wards. Apart from this, a significant number of manufacturing industrial units
for metal fabrication, wooden furniture, bamboo items, etc. are present in the Planning
Area which is indicative of the scope for future development in this sector. So, 24.5
hectares of land has been allocated for manufacturing industries in the vicinity of
Dhemaji Railway Station for maintaining high accessibility across the region. It has been
kept away from the town to protect residential areas from the resulting air and noise
pollution.

2.18 Proposed Road Network

The existing road network of Dhemaji is relatively well developed. For
example, NH15 divides the town into two parts. It passes through the core area
of Dhemaji and has the right of way (RoW) of 30 m. This forms the main arterial road of
Dhemaji. The RoW is adequate to cater to traffic upto 2041. Although there is no need
for road widening, it is proposed that it should be widened upto 40 m keeping in view
proposed commercial activities in the town center. It must also be ensured that the road
is protected from encroachments.

On the western side, parallel roads like Station Road and Ratanpur road
have sprung out of NH15. These roads are well distributed with a gap of
half a kilometer. They provide connectivity between the main roads and
residential areas of Dhemaji town. The network of local roads is also well
developed. However, there is no major road connecting the parallel roads
which increases the travel distance to access facilities. Because of this,
Station Road experiences heavy traffic. Hence, the traffic load on Station
Road is planned to be distributed by proposing a network of parallel roads.
Possible road widening of Ratanpur road is also proposed to enable it to
function as sub-arterial road.

On the eastern side of NH15, the Civil Hospital Road is the main road.
Residential development has sprawled along this road. The PNGB road
which stems out of NH15 passes through Pahukari Jan and joins the Civil
Hospital Road forming a loop. Residential developments are seen only
along these roads. The land within the loop remains relatively
undeveloped. The Master Plan 2041 proposes to develop land locked
within this loop. Residential development along with commercial and
public semi- public facilities is proposed in this area. To facilitate this
development, a system of grid iron pattern of road network in a 500 m by
500 m grid is proposed. The existing road network and built-up area is
taken into consideration while developing the proposed road network. It is
ensured that the proposed alignment of roads does not affect the existing
built up area. Arterial roads are proposed with 60 meter right of way, sub-
arterial roads are proposed to be with 30 meter right of way, and collector
roads are proposed to be with minimum 18 meter right of way. Proposed
cross sections of these three types of roads are presented as per IRC 86
and are shown in Error: Reference source not found.

2.19 Inter State Bus Terminal

The existing bus stand within the core area of Dhemaji town contributes immensely to
traffic congestion along NH15. But the newly built bus stand located towards the south
near Telijan along NH15 is not yet operational. The area of this bus stand is 1.1 hectares.
With further extension, it should be upgraded to function as Inter Sate Bus Terminal.
For this, 4.91 hectares of land is allocated adjoining the bus stand. The Master Plan
proposes to shift the old bus stand completely to this new location as it would reduce
traffic volume on NH15 to a great extent. The land hence vacated would be used as a
vending zone as discussed above.

2.20 Proposed Bypass

Connectivity outside Dhemaji Municipal Area is developed through the provision of a
bypass. The bypass to NH15 on the eastern side passes through Matikhula, Simalgiri and
Tangana Para Nepali villages. This part of the bypass has already been sanctioned by the
Assam Government. However, the construction of the bypass has not yet started. The
length of the Bypass on this side is 14 km. This bypass provides connectivity to major
proposals like University, Grain Mandi, etc.

Dhemaji Master Plan 2041 further proposes to develop the western side of the Bypass.
This Bypass connects Jamugiri Panchali, Dhigalimukh Miri, Dhigali Pathar, Bor Gaon,
Rangajan on the western side with a length of 12 km. Major activities like
manufacturing industries, cattle mandi, etc. have been proposed on this side. The
Bypass is bound to increase connectivity in Dhemaji Planning Area. The road network of
Dhemaji town is being extended to connect with the Bypass.

2.21 Truck Terminal

The truck terminal is required to cater to the logistics requirements of the newly
proposed industrial area and mandis. One truck terminal has already been sanctioned
near the Bypass in the north direction. Another truck terminal is being proposed near
the Bypass in the southern direction. Error: Reference source not found depict the
proposed road network along with the major transportation facilities.
The levels of all major roads have also been fixed from the mean sea level for the
effective and accurate execution of the proposed road network. Contour lines at a
distance of 3 m were generated for the entire planning area and the contour levels were
obtained along major roads using the Digital Elevation Modelling (DEM) data for the
planning area. The contour levels of the planning area range between 87m on the
western side to 111 m on the eastern side. Contour points along the major roads have
been shown in Error: Reference source not found.

2.22 Water supply

To meet projected water demand, Water Treatment Plant (WTP) has been proposed
with a capacity of 25 MLD. The location of WTP has been proposed near Jiadhal River
around Jiadhal Miri Pathar village and No. 5 Tekjuri village. The design period for WTP
will be 15 years as recommended by CPHEEO 1999 guidelines. Distribution network
will be designed for 30 years.

Jiadhal River is a perennial river which is a sub-tributary of Brahmaputra River with the
total catchment area of 533.48 sq km (Water Resource Department Dhemaji, 2021). As
per URDPFI 2015, the area required for 25 MLD WTP is 1 hectare. However, if scope of
future expansion is taken into consideration, water supply requirement would amount
to 40 MLD and the area required would be 4 hectares (see Table 18.5).

Table 18.5: Proposal for Physical Infrastructure in Dhemaji Town.

Water Supply

Total Water Demand (in MLD) @ 135 lpcd 19.6

Total Losses (in MLD) @ 20 percent 4

Fire Demand (in MLD) @ 100√Population 0.04

Actual Water Demand (in MLD) 23.6

Existing Supply (in MLD) 0

Demand Gap (in MLD) 23.6

Proposed Water Supply (in MLD) 25

Scope of future expansion to (in MLD) 40

Area required for Water Supply System as per URDPFI (in Ha) 1

Actual Area provided (in Ha) 4.0

Capacity of Overhead Tank (OHT) (in Lakh litres) 25

 Number of OHT required 10

Area Required per OHT (in Ha) 0.5

Total Area Required (in Ha) 5.0

Sewerage Generation (considering 80 percent conversion of water supply)

Sewerage Generation (in MLD) 19.0

Capacity of Sewerage Treatment Plant (in MLD) 20.0

Area required for Sewerage Treatment Plant as per URDPFI (in Ha) 1

Actual Area provided (in Ha) 4

Drainage Network

Average Annual Rainfall (in mm) 3,200

Maximum Rainfall Recorded for 30 days (in mm) 850

Assuming Highest Rainfall for 30 days (in mm) 1,000

Total Area (in Ha) 134.5

Total Runoff (in cubic metre per 15 minutes) 24,300

Total Capacity of Drainage Network (in cubic metre) 25,000

Solid Waste Management

Total Waste Generation (0.4 kg per capita) (metric tonnes per day) 58

Source: SPA Delhi (2022).

2.23 Drainage Network

Natural disasters due to flooding are a frequent and prominent occurrence in Dhemaji
town. To mitigate flooding, a comprehensive drainage network is proposed for the
entire town. Dhemaji town, according to meteorological data provided by ‘World
Weather’, has recorded peak rainfall of 850 millimeters (mm) over a period of 30 days.
For extra coverage, the network is designed by assuming peak rainfall of 1,000 mm over
same period. Therefore, rainfall per day will be 33.34 mm or 1.31 inches. To calculate
peak storm water discharge, formulae of discharge has been used which is a product of
coefficient of runoff (C), catchment area and rainfall intensity.
Coefficient of Runoff has been taken as 0.45 for open fields and 0.75 for built-up or
constructed area. Hence, peak storm water discharge is calculated as 97,200 cubic
metres per hour. Considering storage capacity of the drainage network as 15 minutes,
the drainage system is designed to store a volume of 24,300 cubic metres (or 25,000
cubic metre) of water as shown in Figure 18.2.

The length of main drainage line is approximately 50 km along the proposed arterial
roads, 41 km for sub-main drains along sub-arterial roads and branch drain of length 60
km along collector roads.

2.24 Sewerage System

Most households in the town are dependent on septic tanks for disposal of faecal waste.
However, without achieving safe water supply standards, operation and maintenance of
effective sewerage network is not feasible. As 25 MLD water supplies till 2041 is already
proposed, an effective sewerage system is necessary to channelize black water towards
treatment plant which is proposed to have the capacity of 25 MLD, considering
conversion factor of 80 percent between supplied water to sewerage, as suggested by
CPHEEO manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems 2013 (see Table 18.5).

The proposed location of the Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) is along NH15 in Narabil
Gaon Village near railway track with an area of 3.36 hectare. Sewerage treatment plant
is designed for 15 years and conventional sewers are designed for 30 years.

2.25 Solid Waste Management

Management of Solid Waste is a major challenge that Dhemaji town is facing. The
consequences of openly dumping of Solid Waste can be severe as it can cause various
health and environmental issues. To mitigate this, a Waste Management Site has been
proposed with an area 5.16 Ha in Moridhal Ghat village along NH15 near the railway
track as shown in Error: Reference source not found. Land for the same has already
been sanctioned by the Municipal board. Dhemaji Municipal Board has proposed 32
bighas or 4.3 Ha of land for Solid Waste Management Plant and Faecal Sludge Treatment
Plant in Moridhal Khajua which is already under construction.

Per Capita waste generation in Dhemaji town is around 0.3 kg waste per day. However,
to increase the capacity of waste management, 0.4 kg has been considered. Hence, total
waste generation for the year 2041 will be 58 metric tons per day (see Table 18.5).
2.26 Educational Institutions Requirement and proposals
: Proposal for Educational Facilities for Dhemaji Planning Area, 2041
Facility Populatio Exist Requ Proposal
n served ing ired
per unit
(URDPFI) 2021 2041 Units Area Additio
required nal
per unit Area
as per Require
URDPFI d (Ha)
(Ha)

Middle School 5,000 118 29 Upgradatio

n of existing
Secondary School 5,000 22 29 facilities to

Senior Secondary 7,500 5 19 composite

School school level @4 =
and 4.0
24.0
Integrated School 1,00,000 3 2 proposal of
without Hostel 6 new
Composite
Integrated School 1,00,000 0 2
schools
with Hostel

School for 45,000 0 4 4 0.7 @1 =

Physically 4.0
Challenged

School for 10,00,000 0 1 1 0.5 1.0

Mentally
Challenged

Arts College 1,25,000 3 2 - - -

Science College 1,25,000 3 2 - - -

Commerce 1,25,000 3 2 - - -
College

Engineering 10,00,000 1 1 - - -
College

Technical 10,00,000 1 1 1 4.0 4.0

Education Centre
(ITI and
Polytechnic)
 University - 0 1 1 10.0 - 50.0
60.0

Medical College 10,00,000 1 1 1 15.6 15.6

Total 110.6

Source: URDPFI, 2015

As per New Education Policy (NEP – 2020) the school system will be reorganized as
stated below in Table 19.6.

Table 19.6: School System a per New Education Policy, 2020

10 + 2 System (Existing) 5+3+3+4 System (Proposed)

Structure Existing Academic Structure New Academic Structure

Stages 2 Stages 4 stages

Age Period (6 – 18) Years (3-18) years

Time Period 12 yr (School Yr.) 15 yr (12 School yr + 3 Pre School yr)

Stage wise First Stage – age 6-16 Yrs  Foundation Stage – 3 yrs ( Pre
(Class 1-10) Second Stage – age School) (Age 3-6) + 2 yrs (Class
16-18 Yrs (Class 11-12) 1 to 2) ((Age 6-8) = 5 yrs.
 Preparatory Stage – 3 yrs (Class
3 to 5) (Age 8-11)
 Middle Stage – 3 Years (Class 6
to 8) (Age 11-14)
 Secondary Stage – 4 yrs (Class 9
to 12) (Age 14-18)
Source: District Elementary Education Office, Dhemaji (2023).

2.27 Medical Facilities

According to the URDPFI 2015, One Family Welfare Centre is required to serve a
population of 50,000 with an area requirement of 0.08 hectare. Currently, there is one
centre present within the town. For year 2041, three centres will be required. So, two
centres are proposed within residential area within the planning boundary with an area
of 0.5 hectare each. The total land required is 1 hectare. As per the URDPFI 2015, a
Maternity and Child Welfare Centre, consisting of 30 beds is required for population
range of 45,000 to 1,00,000. Currently, there is one centre within the town. An addition
requirement of one more centre for the year 2041 exists. The area required is 0.5
hectare. Dhemaji requires one General Hospital with 500 beds capacity. As per the
URDPFI 2015, a General Hospital is required for a population of 2,50,000. The area
required for General Hospital is 6 hectare of which 4 hectare will be dedicated to the
hospital and 2 hectare will be utilized for residential purposes (see Table 19.7). The
location of the proposed General Hospital is in Ward 9. As per the URDPFI 2015, a
specialty Hospital is required for a population of 1,00,000 the location of the existing
specialty hospital is at Ward 6. The location is excellent as it is near residential areas of
the town and has good connectivity with NH15 facilitating use by all residents of the
entire district. There is an existing Veterinary hospital within the town which will be
sufficient to cater to the needs of animals for 2041 (see Table 19.7).

Table 19.7: Proposal for Medical Facilities for Dhemaji Planning Area, 2041
Facility Populati Exis Req Proposal
on ting uire
served d
per unit
(URDPFI 202 204 Units Area Addition
) 1 1 required al Area
per unit Require
as per d in Ha
URDPFI
(Ha)

Dispensary 15,000 2 10 8 0.1 0.8

Specialty 1,00,000 1 1 0 - -
Hospital (200
Beds)

General 2,50,000 0 1 1 6.0 6.0

Hospital (500
Beds)

Family Welfare 50,000 1 3 2 0.08 @0.5 =

Centre 1.0

Maternity/ 45,000- 1 2 1 0.3 0.5

Child Welfare 1,00,000
(30 Beds)

Veterinary 5,00,000 1 1 - - -
Hospital

Total 8.3

Source: URDPFI, 2015

2.28 Socio-cultural Facilities
Socio-cultural facilities include community hall which is required for every 15,000
population as per the URDPFI 2015 Guidelines. Currently, there is only one community
hall within the town and an additional nine units will be required for the year 2041. As
per standards, the area required for each community hall is 0.2 hectare. However, 0.5
hectare of land is allotted to increase Self Help Groups (SHGs) and other community
activities. So, the total area required will be 4.5 hectares.

Community halls will be located evenly within residential areas for accessibility of
residents of Dhemaji. A recreational club which can be merged with music, dance and
drama centre and Meditation and Spiritual centre is required for every 1,00,000
population. The combined area required is 1.8 hectare as per the URDPFI 2015
Guidelines. However, 2.5 hectares is already allocated at two locations, one opposite the
proposed local shopping centre in Ward 5 and one in Ward 8 opposite the proposed
district shopping centre, to promote spiritual and cultural activities. The proposal
consists of a community centre with all these facilities which will be located near the
Community Park, District Park and residential area for better connectivity and
accessibility. One Science Centre is required for a population of 10,00,000 as per the
URDPFI 2015 Guidelines. It has been proposed adjacent to the proposed university
campus within the planning boundary.

Old age home is required at the ratio of one for 5,00,000 population with 0.5 hectare as
per the URDPFI 2015 Guidelines. The existing old age home needs to be renovated to
provide better facilities. The requirement of one police station for every 90,000
population is proposed as per the URDPFI 2015 Guidelines. Currently, there is one
police headquarters in Dhemaji town and an additional station with an area of 1.5
hectare will be required for the year 2041 (see Table 19.3). This will be strategically
located within residential areas of the town to maintain law and order within core area
of town with best road connectivity to reduce travel time for police personnel. Socio-
cultural facilities also include cremation ground which is required for every 5,00,000
population and fire station which is required for every 2,00,000 population (URDPFI,
2015). Currently, there is one cremation ground and one fire station which will be
adequate for the year 2041. Error: Reference source not found and Error: Reference
source not found show the proposed social infrastructure for Dhemaji Planning Area,
2041.

Table 19.8: Proposal for Socio-cultural Facilities for Dhemaji Planning Area, 2041
Facility Populat Existin Required Proposal
ion g
served
per 2021 203 204 Uni Area Additio
unit 1 1 ts required nal
(URDPF per unit Area
I) as per Require
URDPFI d in Ha
in Ha

Communi 15,000 1 8 10 9 0.2 @0.5 =

ty Hall 4.5

Recreatio 1,00,00 0 2 2 2 1.0 @1.5 =

nal Club 0 3.0

Meditatio 1,00,00 0 2 2 2 0.5 @1 =

n Centre 0 2.0

Science 10,00,0 1 1 1 1 As per 5.0

Centre 00 requirem
ent

Old Age 5,00,00 1 1 1 - -

Home 0

Police 90,000 1 2 2 1 1.5 1.5

Station

Crematio 5,00,00 1 1 1 - - -
n Ground 0

Fire 2,00,00 1 1 1 - - -
Station 0

Total 16.0

Within Community Centre

2.29 Organized Green Spaces

Dhemaji has one playground and one children’s park. Currently, there is only one
Neighborhood Park which is required for every 15,000 population (URDPFI, 2015). For
the year 2041, nine more neighborhood parks will be required with an area of 1 hectare
each. These parks will be in residential areas to increase accessibility for residential
dwellers. The town also requires two community parks of 5 hectares each, one of which
is in Ward 9 and is also in the vicinity of the proposed community centre so that both
these facilities can be enjoyed simultaneously by the residents of the town. The other
community park of area 3.7 Ha is proposed within the DC office campus as the DC office
is relocating to Pahukari Jan village.

The area under Children’s Park will be increased to 26.54 hectares and will be
redeveloped as a Neighborhood Park, which is located just outside municipal boundary
along NH15. There is also a requirement for the District Park of an area of 25 hectare
which is required for a population of 5,00,000. This park is located within the municipal
boundary in Ward 5 adjacent to proposed local shopping centre. Error: Reference
source not found depicts the proposed green spaces in Dhemaji Planning Area and
Error: Reference source not found Dhemaji Town for 2041.

2.30 Tourist Circuit Proposed

The main objective of tourist circuit is to connect all potential tourist areas located
around a town, so that all tourist areas observe tourist footfall. Tourist areas within 10,
20, and 30 km radius have been included to form the tourist circuit around the town as
there are no tourist attractions existing within the town limit. Three tourist circuits are
proposed radiating from the town in three different directions. Tourist Circuit 1 is
proposed along SH22 moving towards Ghilamara in Lakhimpur district. Tourist Circuit
1 starts from handicraft haat proposed within the town and ends at Shri Sankatmochan
Hanuman Mandir. This circuit includes Habung Ho Phie, Ghugua Dol and Bardoibam
Bird Sanctuary tourist spots. Total length of this circuit is 50 km (see Table 20.9).

Tourist Circuit 2 starts with the proposed handicraft haat. It further connects the
proposed eco-village where the reserved forest area is located towards the
Jiadhalmukhi Picnic spot. Rupohi water fall and Subansiri Dam are the other prominent
locations covered in this circuit. Overall, most of the eco-tourism spots are covered in
this circuit. Passing through the forest area of Dhemaji district, the circuit shall provide
a scenic view of mountains of Arunachal Pradesh as well as rivers. Trekking, picnic,
adventure sports, cycling and water sports activities are proposed in the picnic spots
and eco village located along this circuit. Total length of this circuit is 38 km (see Error:
Reference source not found).

Tourist Circuit 3 starts from the proposed handicraft haat located near the Children’s
Park and connects Bogibeel Bridge, Rukmini Temple, Archaeological Museum,
Malinithan Rukmini temple and Likabali Picnic spot. This circuit is 52 km long moving
towards Silapathar. Major religious tourist places are located along this circuit (see
Error: Reference source not found).

Table 20.9: Proposed Tourist Circuits in Dhemaji Planning Area, 2041

Tourist Tourist Spots Length Type
Circuit (km)
Tourist Handicraft Haat, Habung Ho 50 Religio
Circuit 1 Phie, Ghugua Dol, Bardoibam us and
Bird Sanctuary, Shri Sankat Eco-
Mochan Hanuman Mandir Touris
m
Tourist Handicraft Haat, Eco Village, 38 Leisure
Circuit 2 Jiadhalmukhi Picnic Spot, and
Rupohi Waterfall, Subansiri Eco-
Dam, Picnic Spot Touris
m
Tourist Handicraft Haat, Bogibeel 52 Heritag
Circuit 3 Bridge, Archaeological e and
Museum, Rukmini Temple, Religio
Malinithan Rukmini Temple, us
Likabali Picnic Spot Touris
m
Source: SPA Delhi (2022).

Malini Than is located along Assam - Arunachal Pradesh border, and it is a site of
ancient temple ruins. This place has been used to worship Goddess Malini from ancient
times. Several historical monuments have also been excavated from this place. An
archaeology museum is also located near Malini Than.

Ghuguha Dol is the tourist attraction of religious and historical significance, scenic
natural surroundings with a popular picnic spot nearby. It is historically believed that at
this place Bamuni Konwar, son of then Ahom King Tyao Khamti was born. The Dol
temple was built in the memory of Bamuni Konwar's mother Ghuguhi.
Hanbung Ho Phie is a Hindu temple with unique and rare Tai-Ahom architecture style
and scenic natural surroundings located along the Tourist Circuit 1. Bordoibam
Beelmukh Bird Sanctuary involving rare and interesting species of local as well as
migratory birds (see Table 20.10).

Table 20.10: Special Features of Tourist Attraction

S. No. Places of Tourist Special Features
Interest
1. Ghuguha Dol Religious and Historical Significance, Scenic
natural surroundings, popular picnic spot
2. Habung Ho Phie Hindu Temple with unique and rare Tai-Ahom
architectural style, Scenic natural surroundings
3. Bordoibam Beelmukh Rare and interesting species of local as well as
Bird Sanctuary migratory birds
4. Shri Sankat Mochan Hindu Temple, Popular in local tourists
Hanuman Temple
5. Subansiri Dam Surrounded by Scenic hills and Subansiri River
6. NHPC ferry ghat Surrounded by Scenic hills and Subansiri River,
Popular picnic spot nearby
7. Rupohi Waterfall Waterfall surrounded by hills, popular picnic spot
8. Jiadhalmukhi Picnic Spot Picnic Spot near Jiadhal River
10. Ma Malini Than Religious and Historical Significance,
archaeological site, Annual Fair Ground, Popular
Cultural gathering Spot
Source: SPA New Delhi (2022).

2.31 Handicraft Haat

Dhemaji Planning Area has rich intangible heritage because of its handloom, traditional
cuisines, folk music and dance. It is famous for its Muga silk production and handloom
fabric. So, a handicraft haat has been proposed just outside the municipal limits along
NH15 near Children’s Park to showcase the region’s traditional handicraft and culture.
Tourists can get information about the handicrafts of the area and can directly buy
authentic products from local weavers.

It is expected that this handicraft haat will boost the market linkages for sericulture in
the area. Different workshops for handloom and other traditional handicrafts are
proposed for tourists in this haat. The main aim of the proposal is to increase
employment opportunities for local people and provide skill development programs for
traditional weavers. Economic growth will be helpful in promoting local crafts,
handicrafts, live pottery, etc. for tourists.
2.32 Eco-Village
As the town lacks in terms of its tourist attractions and good quality hotels, an Eco
Tourist Village resort is proposed near Jiadhal River and the Reserved Forest area
towards north-eastern direction of the town. Eco-tourist village will provide facilities
for stay of tourists away from the town, and near a beautiful landscape of forests, rivers
and hills. Different recreational activities could be proposed along the river related to
water sports and trekking, camping and cycling activities. This resort will be based on
traditional architecture, village life and shall involve village activities for tourists. The
resort will give a glimpse of the village life in the form of traditional stilt houses, ponds
for fishing, animal husbandry and other related activities.

2.33 Tourist Information Centre

A Tourist Information Centre is proposed in the town near the Children’s Park, as there
is no such office located in the town currently. Different kind of tourist facilities such as
basic civic amenities (public toilets, drinking water and bins), pamphlets for tourists,
information related to tourist circuits and information related to other tourist
attractions near the area would be provided in the Tourist Information Center. The
center will also provide information about different tourist points, hotels and number of
days required to cover these tourist attractions to enhance the tourists’ experience.

2.33.1 River Tourism

Jiadhal River is located close to Dhemaji town. A number of picnic spots could be
proposed near these water bodies and forest area. Different water sports, boating and
cruises and fishing activities are proposed to promote river tourism in the area.

2.33.2 Tourism Infrastructure

Basic civic amenities should be improved in Dhemaji town to enhance tourists’
experience. Proper signage need to be provided for guiding tourists and residents in the
town. Hotels, guest houses, home stay facilities, parking, connectivity and basic
infrastructure provisions such as drinking water and public toilets need to be improved.
Organizing traditional festivals and conservation of temples as a part of the religious
tourism is a great way for the town to generate revenues.
Publicity and development of tourist places by ensuring adequate facilities are
important for the promotion of tourist development for which the town needs
additional resources and planning. In the initial phases, state government should help
the town develop this infrastructure.

2.34 Conservation of Natural Drains

Several rivers and rivulets flow through Dhemaji. Jiadhal is the most significant river
that flows close to the Planning Area but has caused devastating floods in the past. Small
streams like Eradhal and Telijan run through the town and act as key drainage channels.
However, over the years, these streams have begun to dry up and carry water only
during the monsoon rains. One reason behind this is the encroachment of these rivulets
by the local residents and commercial structures have sprung up around these rivers
which make a negative impact on the streams' flow in the long run, exacerbating the
problem of urban floods. As a result, it is important to take the necessary steps to
protect these drainage channels by implementing the following proposals.

2.34.1 Buffer Zone

Buffer zones around water bodies serve as barriers, shielding humans from the negative
effects of flooding in the area. In general, a buffer zone is an area surrounding a natural
resource that is intended to mitigate the influence of one land use on another. The width
of the buffer is determined by a number of criteria, including the type of water resource,
soil type, slope, and land use. The effective breadth of the buffer, on the other hand, is
dependent on the ecological function that the buffer is anticipated to accomplish.

The drainage pathways in the town area are around 10 m to 20 m wide. As a result, a
100-meter buffer on both sides of the stream is proposed where settlements have yet to
emerge as shown in Error: Reference source not found.

Rooftop rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting rainwater at the household level

and storing it in subterranean reservoirs or utilising it directly. Ground water levels are
supplemented by the storage structures.

Rooftop rainwater collection is a possible option because a large amount of the streams'
catchment is built-up and the area receives on average annual precipitation of 3,268
mm. Such methods help to supplement the groundwater levels to a great extent after
and before the monsoon rains.

2.34.2 Greening the Ecotone

The transition zone between two biomasses is referred to as an ecotone. The ecotone in
a riverine ecosystem is the area between the river and the adjacent land. An ecotone is
characterised by a higher density and diversity of organisms that rely on it for survival.
As a result, maintaining the ecological health of a river necessitates the protection of the
land surrounding it. A considerable portion of the ecotone has been encroached around
Eradhal and Telijan. This is why, as previously discussed, a buffer zone must be
established. Within the ecotone, suitable tree species that are native to the area should
be planted. This will aid in the restoration of the riverine ecology.

2.35 Erosion Protection Measures

Jiadhal River, which flows close to the Planning Area, is extremely prone to erosion.
With a catchment area of 533.48 sq km, the river drains a significant area of land in and
around Dhemaji. To reduce the negative effects of erosion, certain measures have been
proposed which will help limit the flow of runoff directly into the river. These measures
are:

 Trees should be planted along the riverbanks. To stabilise banks and bamboo
species that are effective soil binders should be used.
 Sandbags are an inexpensive solution to prevent erosion in vulnerable areas. This
should be used.
 Porcupine reinforced bars should be used to slow down the river's flow velocity.

2.36 Compensatory Afforestation

Land acquisition will be necessary during the development phase, so separate land has
been allocated in the anticipated land use as compensatory afforestation. Within the
planning area, 1.05 sq. km of land has been set aside for compensatory afforestation, of
which 0.35 sq. km is municipal land. In No. 1 Kochoiting Gaon, Nalanipam Gaon, and
Hatigarh Gaon, a small portion of this land has been allocated. In Ward 7 and Choukham
Gaon, a second strip of compensatory afforestation has been established along NH-15.
Aside from the 4.81 sq. km of water body buffers, areas for compensatory afforestation
have been suggested.

2.37 Proposed Water Reacharge Areas

According to analysis of Discharge due to runoff, three new water recharge areas have
been proposed within Dhemaji planning area to increase ground water level and to
create storage reservoirs for the runoff which can be usede for agriculture and
irrigation purposes. These water bodies have an average depth of three metres. Total
water bodies in Dhemaji planning area have the capacity of storing one day of runoff of
maximum rainfall.

2.37.1 Rejuvenation of Moridhal and Eradhal Steams

Moridhal and Eradhal used to be two major streams flowing through the planning area.
But over the course of time, these two streams have dried up considerably. In Moridhal
although there is still water left, but Eradhal has completely dried up and roads have
been constructed over it. In order to rejuvenate these water bodies, riparian buffer has
been proposed along Moridhal stream. To compensate for the dried up area of Eradhal,
a compensatory waterbody has been proposed in Maumari village (see Error:
Reference source not found).
 Synopsis
Assam is the largest northeastern state in India by population and the second largest by
area, with a population of 31 million, comprising 68% of the region's population. The
state covers 78,438 sq km and has a high population density of 398 persons per sq km.
Agriculture is a significant contributor to Assam's economy, making up over a third of
the state's GDP and employing 69% of its workforce.

Dhemaji, a small town in eastern Assam, is highly vulnerable to floods due to its location
near the Brahmaputra River and various rivulets. The town serves as the headquarters
of Dhemaji district but faces economic challenges due to the lack of major industries.
Dhemaji is situated near the Arunachal hills and connected to nearby cities like
Dibrugarh by the Bogibeel Bridge. The town has a rich natural resource base, including
forests and water bodies, but frequent flooding, especially from the Jiadhal River, poses
significant challenges. The Jiadhal Reserved Forest, located north of the town, is a
resource-rich area with abundant bamboo and cane, supporting local industries. The
town's name, "Dhemaji," is believed to originate from Assamese words meaning "flood"
and "playing," reflecting its history of frequent river floods.

Dhemaji Planning Area report addresses a range of issues and challenges across
multiple sectors. The area's population growth rate has significantly declined due to
out-migration driven by unemployment, despite improvements in sex ratio and literacy
rates. The economy remains predominantly agrarian, with a large portion of the
workforce engaged in cultivation, reflecting the limited industrial development in the
region. Housing infrastructure is inadequate, with many structures vulnerable to
natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, while newer buildings often lack disaster-
resistant features. Traffic congestion is a major issue, exacerbated by an unplanned road
network and insufficient infrastructure, particularly along NH15, which is vital for the
town's connectivity. Water supply is primarily dependent on contaminated
groundwater, with high levels of iron and arsenic, and the drainage system is
insufficient, leading to frequent flooding. The solid waste management system is
disorganized, with limited facilities for waste collection and disposal, and sanitation
remains a critical concern, with many households lacking proper facilities and
continuing to practice open defecation due to cultural and economic factors. Social
infrastructure, including schools and healthcare facilities, is inadequate in quality, and
recreational and market facilities are poorly maintained. Environmental challenges are
significant, with the area being highly vulnerable to natural disasters and groundwater
contamination. Governance and financial management are weak, with inefficient
revenue collection, poor data management, and a lack of skilled manpower hindering
the effective administration of the region. Despite these challenges, recent
infrastructural developments, such as the Bogibeel bridge and upcoming educational
institutions, offer opportunities for growth. The chapter concludes with a call for
comprehensive planning and development under the Dhemaji Master Plan 2041,
focusing on improving basic infrastructure, generating employment, and enhancing the
overall quality of life in the region.

Chapter 2 of the Dhemaji Master Plan presents a comprehensive set of proposals aimed
at guiding the development of the Dhemaji Planning Area up to the year 2041. The
chapter is structured to cover several key aspects of urban and rural planning, starting
with an analysis of the region's demography and leading to specific proposals for land
use, infrastructure, and economic development.

 2.1 Demography and Population Projection

The chapter begins by discussing the current population of Dhemaji Planning Area,
which was recorded as 77,791 according to the 2011 Census. The population is split
between rural (47,860) and urban (29,931) areas. Over the past decades, the growth
rate of the population has seen a significant decline—from 37.67% during 1991-2001 to
16.18% in 2001-2011. Despite this decline, the Master Plan anticipates a renewed
growth rate due to the proposed developments, projecting the population to nearly
double to 145,000 by 2041. This projection includes 85,000 in rural areas and 60,000 in
urban areas.

 2.2 Rural-Urban Scenario

The projected population figures suggest a shift towards urbanization, with 42% of the
population expected to reside in urban areas by 2041, up from the current 38%. This
indicates a planned push towards urban development while maintaining the rural
character of the region. The proposed developments are expected to drive economic
growth and urbanization, with infrastructural projects like industries, commercial
centers, educational institutions, and healthcare facilities playing a significant role in
this transformation.

 2.3 Land Use Distribution

The chapter then details the proposed land use distribution for 2041, aimed at
balancing development with environmental sustainability. Out of the total Dhemaji
Planning Area, 142.06 square kilometers, 35.3 square kilometers will be developed
land. The proposed land use allocation is as follows:
  Residential: 25.52 sq. km (18% of the planning area, 72.3% of developed land)

 Commercial: 0.66 sq. km (0.5%)

 Industrial: 0.75 sq. km (0.5%)

 Public & Semi-Public: 1.63 sq. km (1.1%)

 Recreational/Parks: 0.62 sq. km (0.4%)

 Roads: 4.59 sq. km (3.2%)

 Transportation: 1.53 sq. km (1.1%)

In addition, significant portions of the planning area are reserved for water bodies,
agriculture, social forestry, and compens

atory afforestation. The undeveloped area, which makes up 75.2% of the planning area,
will primarily be used for agriculture (53.7%) and water bodies (3.5%), ensuring that
the rural economy remains robust while urban development progresses.

 2.4 Residential Development

The Master Plan proposes an additional 6.1 square kilometers of land for residential
development to accommodate the growing population. The plan aims to rectify the
current leapfrog development pattern, where growth is concentrated along major
roads, leaving large areas underdeveloped. A grid-iron pattern of road networks is
proposed to facilitate organized residential growth, particularly in the eastern part of
Dhemaji town. This approach aims to integrate new residential areas with existing ones,
ensuring cohesive urban development.

 2.5 Commercial Development

To address congestion in the town center, the Master Plan suggests relocating existing
government offices to the northern part of the town. This relocation will free up space
for commercial development in the town’s core, potentially increasing government
revenue. Additionally, commercial zones are proposed along NH15 and Station Road,
with a 50-meter buffer on both sides to allow for future expansion. An informal market,
or vending zone, is proposed at the old bus stand area, and two Local Shopping Centres
are planned in residential areas to meet daily needs.

 2.6 Industrial Development

Given Dhemaji's agro-based economy, the Master Plan identifies opportunities for the
development of agro-based industries, such as rice mills and oil manufacturing. To
support this, 18.7 hectares of land have been allocated in the northern part of the
Planning Area. Furthermore, 24.5 hectares near the Dhemaji Railway Station are
earmarked for manufacturing industries, strategically placed away from residential
areas to minimize air and noise pollution. Additionally, 31.8 hectares are allocated for
handloom-based industries in the southern part of the town, capitalizing on the region’s
silk production.

 2.7 Public and Semi-Public Infrastructure

The plan addresses the scattered nature of government offices, which contributes to
congestion in the town center. To alleviate this, the Master Plan proposes an integrated
Administrative Complex on 1.58 hectares of land near NH15, consolidating all
government offices in one location. The plan also includes provisions for a university
covering 23.25 hectares in Telijan and two integrated schools on either side of NH15.
These educational institutions are expected to enhance the town’s educational
infrastructure, supporting the overall development of the region.

 2.8 Transportation

Transportation infrastructure is a key focus of the Master Plan, which proposes a grid-
iron road network within the Municipal Area to improve connectivity. A new Bypass is
planned to enhance accessibility to major developments, and the existing bus stand will
be relocated to the southern outskirts of the town along NH15. The new bus stand will
be upgraded to an Inter-State Bus Terminal, with an additional 4.91 hectares allocated
for this purpose, improving regional connectivity.

 2.9 Open Spaces and Recreation

Dhemaji currently lacks organized green spaces, with only a Children’s Park and a
Courtfield located along NH15. To address this, the Master Plan proposes 19.88 hectares
of land in Ward 5 for a Community Park, which could be developed as a theme park with
various landscaping features. The existing Children’s Park is to be expanded to include
activities like a handicraft haat and a tourist information center, transforming it into a
potential tourist destination. Two additional community parks are also planned within
the Municipal Area to provide organized open spaces for recreation.

 2.10 Agriculture

Agriculture remains the primary occupation in the rural areas of the Dhemaji Planning
Area. The Master Plan emphasizes the need to revamp the agriculture sector by
improving irrigation facilities and offering government schemes and incentives to make
farming more lucrative. The plan also encourages the cultivation of commercial crops,
which can be utilized in the region’s food-processing industries, thus linking
agricultural development with industrial growth.

 2.11 Compensatory Afforestation

To offset the environmental impact of land acquisition for development, the Master Plan
includes provisions for compensatory afforestation. A total of 0.81 square kilometers of
land has been allocated for this purpose, with specific sites identified within the
municipal area and along NH15. Additionally, 15.29 square kilometers of buffer zones
around water bodies have been designated for afforestation, contributing to
environmental sustainability.

 2.12 Water Bodies and Conservation

Water conservation is a critical component of the Master Plan, which proposes the
creation of three new water recharge zones within the Dhemaji Planning Area. These
zones, covering a total of 4.75 hectares, are designed to raise groundwater levels and
store runoff for irrigation and agriculture. The water bodies are engineered to hold
enough water to manage the area’s highest rainfall, ensuring adequate water supply
during dry periods.

In summary, Chapter 2 of the Dhemaji Master Plan lays out a strategic vision for the
region’s development over the next two decades. By balancing urbanization with the
preservation of rural and natural areas, the plan aims to foster economic growth while
maintaining the region’s ecological integrity and rural character. The proposals are
designed to enhance infrastructure, improve connectivity, and support sustainable
development, positioning Dhemaji as a thriving and resilient region by 2041.

2.14 Housing Assessment

The Dhemaji Planning Area is projected to see a significant increase in population by

2041, leading to a growing need for housing. In 2011, the population was 77,791, which
is expected to rise to 144,944 by 2041. The corresponding housing need will escalate
from 16,697 in 2011 to 33,320 by 2041. However, the existing housing stock of 13,650
units is insufficient, resulting in a housing gap of 19,671 units by 2041. Accounting for
ongoing construction under PMAY, the effective housing requirement reduces to
approximately 14,400 houses. To accommodate this need, 615.05 hectares of land has
been allocated for residential development, primarily in the eastern direction of the
town, with a smaller area in the west. The proposed development will be integrated
with existing infrastructure, with a grid iron pattern of roads facilitating accessibility.

2.15 Trade and Commerce

To enhance trade and commerce in Dhemaji, the Master Plan 2041 emphasizes
redeveloping the existing commercial areas and creating new spaces. The relocation of
government offices to the north of the municipal area will free up space in the town
center for commercial activities, particularly near the Tiniali junction. The plan
designates major commercial zones along NH15 and Station Road, allocating additional
space for vegetable, fish, grain, and cattle markets, strategically located to ensure
accessibility.
2.16 Informal Markets

The Master Plan aims to support the informal economy by designating a 1-hectare
vending zone near Tiniali junction, where the old ASTC Bus stand was located. This area
will be repurposed to accommodate street vendors, vegetable sellers, and fruit sellers,
providing them with a designated space close to the new City Centre.

2.17 Industries

Dhemaji has limited industrial development, primarily consisting of small-scale rice

mills. However, the town has potential in the silk-based handloom industry, given its
skilled workforce. The Master Plan proposes 75 hectares of land for industrial
development, focusing on agro-based industries, handloom enterprises, and small-scale
manufacturing units. Strategic locations for these industries are chosen to ensure
accessibility and minimize environmental impact on residential areas.

2.18 Proposed Road Network

The existing road network in Dhemaji is well-developed, with NH15 serving as the main
arterial road. The Master Plan proposes widening NH15 and developing parallel roads
to alleviate traffic congestion, particularly on Station Road. On the eastern side, a grid
iron pattern road network is proposed to facilitate the development of the undeveloped
land within a loop formed by existing roads.

2.19 Inter State Bus Terminal

The Master Plan proposes relocating the existing bus stand from the town center to a
newly built terminal near Telijan along NH15. The new terminal, spread over 4.91
hectares, will reduce traffic congestion in the town and provide better facilities for
inter-state bus services.

2.20 Proposed Bypass

A bypass is proposed to enhance connectivity outside Dhemaji Municipal Area. The

eastern side bypass, already sanctioned, will connect major proposals like the university
and grain mandi. A western bypass is also proposed, connecting key industrial and
mandi locations, enhancing the overall connectivity of the region.

2.21 Truck Terminal

To support the logistics needs of the proposed industrial areas and mandis, two truck
terminals are proposed—one near the northern bypass and another in the southern
direction. These terminals will facilitate efficient movement of goods and reduce
congestion in the town.

2.22 Water Supply

To meet the water demand of 23.6 MLD by 2041, a 25 MLD Water Treatment Plant
(WTP) is proposed near the Jiadhal River. The WTP is designed with a future expansion
capacity of 40 MLD. The Master Plan allocates 4 hectares for the WTP and 5 hectares for
associated overhead tanks.

2.23 Drainage Network

Given Dhemaji’s vulnerability to flooding, a comprehensive drainage network is

proposed, designed to handle peak rainfall. The network will include main, sub-main,
and branch drains along arterial, sub-arterial, and collector roads, respectively,
ensuring effective stormwater management.

2.24 Sewerage System

With the proposed 25 MLD water supply, a corresponding sewerage system is

necessary. The Master Plan includes a 25 MLD Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) along
NH15 in Narabil Gaon Village, designed to meet the town’s needs for the next 30 years.

2.25 Solid Waste Management

To address the challenge of solid waste management, the Master Plan allocates 5.16
hectares in Moridhal Ghat village for a Waste Management Site, including facilities for
solid waste and faecal sludge treatment. By 2041, Dhemaji is expected to generate 58
metric tons of waste per day, necessitating efficient waste management systems.

The proposal for the Dhemaji Planning Area, 2041, outlines the necessary infrastructure
and development plans to accommodate the projected population growth, focusing on
educational, medical, socio-cultural, green spaces, tourism, and conservation measures.

Educational Institutions:
The proposal emphasizes upgrading existing middle and secondary schools to
composite school levels, with six new composite schools planned. The plan includes
establishing facilities for physically and mentally challenged students, integrated
schools, and specialized institutions like engineering colleges, technical education
centers, and medical colleges. The total additional land required for educational
purposes is 110.6 hectares.

Medical Facilities:
The plan calls for the expansion of existing healthcare facilities and the introduction of
new ones, including general and specialty hospitals, family welfare centers, and
maternity/child welfare centers. The proposed new medical facilities will require an
additional 8.3 hectares. The plan also highlights the strategic placement of these
facilities to ensure accessibility and efficiency in healthcare delivery.

Socio-Cultural Facilities:
To cater to the growing population, the proposal includes the construction of
community halls, recreational clubs, meditation centers, and a science center. The plan
also addresses the need for an old age home, additional police stations, and the
maintenance of existing cremation grounds and fire stations. The total area required for
these socio-cultural facilities is 16.0 hectares.

Organized Green Spaces:

The plan proposes the creation of additional parks and playgrounds to enhance the
quality of life in Dhemaji. New neighborhood parks, community parks, and a district
park are planned to increase green space accessibility for residents. The total additional
area required for green spaces is significant, with specific locations identified to ensure
optimal use and connectivity.

Tourism Development:
Three tourist circuits are proposed to boost local tourism, connecting various religious,
historical, and eco-tourism sites around Dhemaji. These circuits aim to enhance tourist
footfall by offering scenic views, cultural experiences, and recreational activities. The
plan includes the development of infrastructure like eco-villages, handicraft haats, and
tourist information centers to support tourism.

Conservation of Natural Drains:

Given Dhemaji's vulnerability to flooding, the proposal emphasizes the protection and
restoration of natural drainage channels like the Jiadhal, Eradhal, and Telijan rivers.
Measures include establishing buffer zones, promoting rooftop rainwater harvesting,
and greening the ecotone to preserve the riverine ecosystem. These steps are aimed at
reducing the impact of urban floods and restoring ecological balance.

Erosion Protection Measures:

To mitigate the erosion risks posed by the Jiadhal River, the plan suggests planting trees
along riverbanks and implementing erosion control measures. This is critical to protect
the land and communities in the Planning Area from the adverse effects of erosion.

Overall, the Dhemaji Planning Area, 2041, is a comprehensive development blueprint

that addresses the educational, medical, socio-cultural, and environmental needs of the
growing population while promoting sustainable tourism and conservation practices.
The plan's implementation is essential for the long-term growth and resilience of the
Dhemaji region.