Procedure for First Time Charging of Battery Energy Storage System(BESS)

BESS shall consist of:

i) A power conversion system (PCS)
ii) An energy storage
iii) Battery Management System (BMS)
Basic components of BESS as follows:
i) Batteries as its underlying storage technology to be connected to an electrical
network
ii) Bidirectional inverter is the main device that converts power between the AC line
voltage and the DC battery terminals, and allows for power to flow both ways to
charge and discharge the battery
iii) Other components of a BESS may include an isolation transformer, protection
devices (e.g. circuit breakers), cooling systems, and a high-level control system to
coordinate the operation of all components in the system
Documents and data to be submitted for integration of BESS:
1. The applicant shall furnish the undertaking to comply with CEA Technical Standards for
connectivity to the Grid Regulations. The following information also need to be provided
alongwith the application:
S.No. Description Details to be furnished
A Battery
1 Make/Manufacturer
2 Type / Chemistry
3 Design capacity of battery in terms of
KWh
4 Self-Discharge rate
5 DoD
6 Life cycle of battery
7 Round trip efficiency
8 Dimensions and weight of battery
9 Test certificate available for battery
cell/module (IEC Standards
10 Number of series & parallel connected
cells and modules
11 Power/energy rating cells and modules
12 BESS favorable operating temperature

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 B Power Conditioning Unit

1 Make/manufacturer
2 Type of charge controller(DC-DC
converter)
3 Inverter- power rating & efficiency
4 Inverter minimum response time
5 Test certificate available (IEC Standards)
C Measurement and control Devices
1 Sensors
2 Sensitivity
Type/Make
3 Accuracy/Precision

Battery Static Parameters:

Details Technical requirement
AC ratings
Total rated output power to load @ nominal
voltage (charge) MW to (discharge) MW
Apparent power @ nominal voltage
No of units
Rate output power of each unit
Real and reactive power control accuracy( %)
Voltage range
Type of output
Frequency ( Nominal Frequency and the tolerance
band)
VAR production ( full MVAR production at rated
Voltage)
Harmonics ( as per CEA standards)
DC input ratings
Voltage range
Ripple voltage
Ripple current (% of full current peak to Peak)
Environmental ratings
Operating temperature
Humidity
Functions/Features
Power flow operation (, Support four - quadrant
Yes / NO
control)

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Real power control ( Positive and negative) Yes / NO
Reactive power control ( capacitiveand inductive) Yes / NO
Combination of real and reactive power control(
Yes / NO
priority real power )
Load following (renewable smoothing) Yes / NO
Low-voltage ride through Yes / NO
Synchro-check function Yes / NO
Operation modes
Black start (external command) Yes / NO
Commanded power (external command) Yes / NO
Commanded VAR (external command) Yes / NO
Frequency regulation Yes / NO
Frequency response (Automatic) Yes / NO
Islanding Yes / NO
Renewable smoothing ( if applicable , automatic) Yes / NO
Scheduled power (preconfigured time/date of
Yes / NO
work power profiles
Voltage regulation Yes / NO
Response time of PCS to the command received (
Milli seconds)
Communications
Communications with LDC ( main /standby) Yes / NO
Battery technologies
Battery technologies supported( Ex Li-Ion etc ..)
Battery Cycle life > 4,000 at 20-80% SOC
Voltage Regulation ( % )
Reactive Power Regulation ( Var flow level Range
+/- example +/- 5%) )
Frequency Regulation ( +/_ cycle /second)
Capacity (Ah)
Power factor
Battery temperature (average/extreme)
Overload capability ( %) and Switching frequency(
in kHz)
State of Charge (SOC)
Protection system
Under/over voltage (DC and AC)
Under/over frequency
Over current protection
Ground fault protection
Over heat protection

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 Surge protection (DC and AC)
Automatic AC & DC open circuit when fault
detection

2. Following parameters need to be telemetered at RLDC/NLDC:

i. Operating Mode:
a. Grid connected/ Standalone mode
b. Automatic/ Manual mode
c. Charge/discharge
ii. Measurements (Voltage, Current, P, Q, Status of Charging, charge/discharge rate
freq., energy export/import)
iii. Events and alarms Breaker position/operation
iv. BESS Start Inhibit Status
v. Ambient Temperature
vi. Parameters of PCS such as active power, reactive power, power factor, operating
DC voltage etc.
vii. Number of battery inverters in operation and Number of battery inverters
available in BESS
viii. Full pack energy: Estimated maximum energy capacity of the batteries
ix. Energy remaining: Estimated energy remaining of the batteries
x. Available maximum capacity: State of energy available in batteries
xi. Possible charge and discharge power
xii. Local MW set point
xiii. Reference set points for voltage, power factor and reactive power control
xiv. Local limit for charge and discharge
xv. Charge and discharge ramp up and ramp down rates
xvi. MW reference (AGC)
xvii. AGC availability status
xviii. Control mode: AGC/Local
xix. Indication of frequency control status
xx. Indication of control modes; voltage, power factor, reactive power
xxi. State of Charge (SOC) (Mwh)
xxii. Maximum State of Charge (Mwh)

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3. Test Certificates:
The applicant shall furnish the following test certificates prior to trial run:
i. Verification of sensors, metering and alarms
ii. Verification of all control functions including automatic, local and remote control
iii. Verification of the performance criteria
iv. Demonstration of all the intended applications
v. Demonstration of grid interface protection & control system
vi. Verification of power quality parameters

4. Grid-tied energy storage units are predominately DC in nature. To utilize the energy
storage capability on the AC electric grid, the energy from batteries must be converted to a
standard AC level and regulated through a converter, generally known as the Power
Conversion System (PCS). The PCS serves as the interface between the DC battery system
and the AC system, providing bi-directional conversion from DC to AC (for discharging
batteries) and AC to DC (for charging batteries). The PCS may consist of one or more parallel
units. The PCS shall be bi-directional converter that can be operated in inverting mode for
battery discharging and rectifying mode for battery charging. Power Conversion System
Operation conditions:
i. The AC power transformed efficiently from the DC power of the battery arrays shall be bi-
directionally transferred to or from the distribution line without causing harmonics higher
than the CEA regulation.
ii. The PCS shall contain a remote synchronization feature, as well as the standard
synchronization used when starting the PCS online. The remote synchronization feature
allows the PCS to synchronize its voltage and frequency to any other remote AC bus or
generator.
iii. Black start capability
iv. The PCS shall have the ability to perform four-quadrant control.
v. The PCS shall be able to perform load following (for PV smoothing) Voltage shall be
maintained at +/- 5% nominal under normal operating conditions and +/- 10% under
emergency conditions.
vi. The PCS shall have the synchro-check function to allow parallel operation with the grid,
diesel and PV generators.
vii. PCS shall be able to operate in the following four modes of operation:
a. Active and reactive power control: In this mode of operation, PCS controls the output
active and reactive powers supplied to the grid following their reference values which
may be set locally or remotely.

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 b. Voltage and frequency control: In this mode of operation, PCS controls its own voltage
and frequency, enabling it to create an islanded grid. Voltage and frequency control is
possible when the PCS is in the voltage source operating mode.
c. Virtual synchronous generator: This mode of operation makes the PCS work as a
voltage source converter. Under this mode, the BESS shall be able to provide its own
voltage and frequency to an islanded grid, or to work in parallel with the utility grid in
the grid-connected mode.
d. Voltage and frequency droop for parallel operation: The voltage droop allows reactive
power sharing when the BESS is in an islanded mode or paralleled with other voltage
sources. The frequency droop allows active power sharing when the BESS is in an
islanded mode or paralleled with other voltage sources.
5. A sample connectivity of the BESS connected with the system is given below. BESS system
is shown to be inter-connected with grid at secondary terminal of distribution transformer
i.e. three-phase four-wire, 433 Volts (L-L) at point of common coupling (PCC).

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 800 KVA,
Tertiary of 33/0.433 kV ACB
400/220/33 kV 33kV circuit 33kV current transformer
transformer 33kV isolator breaker transformer

Energy Meter

33kV potential
transformer
Energy Meter

22kV isolator

22kV
feeder
630 kVA,
22/0.433 kV
2MVA, Energy Meter transformer
22/0.433 kV
transformer
Auxiliary Supply

Inverter plus
Filter/PCS

Battery
Energy
Storage 218
Guidelines for exchange of data for modelling BESS

Power System Operation Corporation Limited

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