PROGRAMME ON INNOVATION: SMALL GRANT PROJECT PROPOSAL

PART I: PROJECT INFORMATION

Country: United Republic of Tanzania

Title of Project: Piloting Climate Resilience Livelihood Systems in Runyinya Village, Kyerwa
District
National Implementing Entity: National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
Executing Entity/ies: Agrodiamond Limited
Amount of Financing Requested 250,000 (in U.S Dollars Equivalent)

Project Background and Context:

Provide brief information on the problem the proposed project is aiming to solve. Outline the
economic social, development and environmental context in which the project would operate.

Project background and problem statement

Communities in Kyerwa district in western Tanzania derive their livelihood and income security
from climate sensitive sectors like agriculture, water and natural resources. According to the
vulnerability assessment study conducted in 2019 1, the district is among the vulnerable geographical
areas in the United Republic of Tanzania already impacted by climate change. The vulnerability of
the district and its communities is largely driven by overdependence to rainfall for agriculture and
animal grazing. As a result, the currently released NAP stocktaking report signatures the district as a
hotspot area, which needs adaptation intervention urgently. Furthermore, the Vulnerability and
Adaptation Assessment study for the HNAP 2, indicates high malnutrition level due to climate
induced food shortage, water scarcity and poverty in most villages of Kyerwa, particularly Runyinya
village.

The current and projected climate change effects are therefore seen to deepen poverty, water scarcity
and malnutrition levels in the district. Climate indices show that, rainfall amount, seasonality, trend
and timing will continue to shift from the normal trend in the district3. For instance, the drought
periods have been more common and severe in the area. In 2016, 2017 and 2018 alone the district
experienced devastating drought periods which resulted into crop failures and drying of water
sources. Food insecurity and hunger is now a great social and economic concern. Shrinkage of
pastureland and disrupted grazing land is a challenge to livestock keepers in most village of the
district. The 2017 district report indicated that, the drought event in 2017 destroyed over 18.27 ha of
maize of which 8.7ha were at Runyinya village. Food production and income generation by
communities in most villages which in most cases are already poor is severely affected.
Unfortunately the ability of the district government budget to support these communities for food

1
NAP Stocktaking report, 2019: United Republic of Tanzania
2
V&A 2018: The vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment study for the Adaptation in the Health Sector (HNAP),
3
TMA 2014: Climate projections in the United Republic of Tanzania
1|Page
including financing various socio economic needs such as education, health and water supply is
inadequate.

Projected climate scenarios by the Tanzania Meteorological Agency show that Lake Victoria
regions in which Kyerwa district is located will experience even more temperature increase in the
future while drought and dry spell periods will be intensified 4. Future climate-change impacts are
predicted to accelerate multiple challenges across villages in the district, affecting nearly all of the
traditional water sources. Research suggests that by 2030, even if the drought frequency and
intensity remain stable, 25% of the district’s population will go hungryError! Bookmark not
defined.. The ecosystem resilience and capacity to support agriculture and safeguard human health
will be jeopardized due to continued ecosystem and environmental degradation. The future decline
in rainfall volume per season, coupled with increased variability in rainfall, is expected to cause
serious water shortage, crop failures and reduced productivity of farming to about more than 30%
of total food crop production in the District. Future climate change is projected to disrupt almost all
life forms in the district and will intensify food insecurity and livelihood failures due to the reason
that people and their life firms are heavily reliant on water resources and subsistence farming
activities.

Figure 1: Monthly Mean Maximum Temperature from 2012-2016 compared to Long Term
Mean Temperature (1981-2010) in Kyerwa District (Source: TMA, 2016)

More severe climate change would inevitably have far greater negative impacts to village
population in Kyerwa, especially women and marginalised groups such as people with disabilities
and elders. For instance, For instance, current evidence in Runyinya village already indicated that,
women are forced to walk around bushes looking for water from unreliable water sources during
dry periods. Consequently, they lose time and energy which could have been invested in productive
activities; meanwhile children spend less time for schooling, and sometimes prompt them to drop
from school completely. Unless novelty approaches which uses community based climate solutions
be implemented to enhance water availability for domestic use and crop production in the area, the

4
TMA 2014
2|Page
trend will continue endlessly, with disastrous effect to the vulnerable community groups like
women and children.

Figure 2: The photo taken from Runyinya village in 2015 illustrating the intensity of water scarcity.

Figure 2: Photo showing crop failures and bad yield in the larger area of Runyinya village Kyerwa district.

According to reports available in the district, hunger pangs were equally felt more in the past three
decades in most villages, in which more than 50% of people were reported to be facing starvation
due to a poor harvest. The persistent food scarcity in most villages has led to a sharp rise in food
prices in the district. For instance, traditional food inflation jumped from 6.9 per cent in 2016 to
17.4 per cent in July 2018, the highest since 2010. From 2016 up to now, prices of items such as
beans have for instance peaked at Tsh 2700 for a kilogramme, twice the usual price of between Tsh
1000 and Tsh1400. These prices are not affordable to common and marginalized village
communities such as those in Runyinya. This kind of weather related vagaries has sometimes

3|Page
stemmed forced migration and school dropouts including deep income and food poverty5. The
future decline in rainfall volume per season, coupled with increased variability in rainfall, is
expected to cause serious crop failures. To reverse this situation and consequently improve life
quality of people while achieving climate resilient livelihood improvements requires innovative,
climate-centered solutions which will essentially address water scarcity and food insecurity and
rural poverty. Therefore, this project will pilot community based climate-innovations to improve
resilience of livelihood systems and build adaptive capacity of Runyinya villagers. The project will
invest in climate smart rural water supply to improve water security, which in turn will promote
small scale drip irrigation, forest and fruit trees planting, bee keeping and village environmental
conservation activities. Furthermore, value addition to produces and linking farmers to internal and
external market will be part and parcel of project activities. This will promote sustainability of
multi-purpose climate actions, and climate resilience of the people in the pilot village.

Effects of climate change on gender issues in Kyerwa district

Research reports globally indicate that women are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change
than men in most rural villages in Tanzania. Although they constitute the majority of population in
villages, they still suffer high level of illiteracy. For instance, traditional systems in ethnical groups
available in Kyerwa particularly Runyinya village, expose women to struggle mostly with domestic
issues such as fetching water and cooking. They also surfer from myriad of social and economic
barriers which contribute to their limited coping capacity6. The proposed project will integrate
gender roles and special needs of marginalized groups in various activities/interventions.

Project objectives
The proposed project seeks to pilot practical and cost effective community rooted solution to
improve livelihood of poor people, support water supply and agricultural production in Runyinya
village. Hence, the overall objective of this project is to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity to
effects of climate change while reducing income poverty among the selected community in
Runyinya Village, Kyerwa District, Kagera Region. Specifically, the proposed project will address
the following objectives:-
i) Enhance climate proof village water supply in Runyinya village;
ii) Implement Climate Smart-Community-Based (CSCB) - small scale irrigation scheme at
Runyinya village to increase community resilience and food security; and
iii) Enhance nature based climate actions in local communities at Runyinya village through
forest and fruit tree planting and bee keeping.

Project Components and Financing:

Project
Amount
Components Expected Concrete Outputs Expected Outcomes
(USD)
1. Enhance climate 1.1.At least 2 boreholes drilled in Enhanced climate
proof village water Runyinya village and solar driven resilient rural water 100,000
supply in Runyinya water pumps installed. supply system in
village selected communities at
1.2. Water storage tanks and Runyinya Village,
distribution network systems installed Kyerwa district.

5
Mkonda Y.M 2017. Are Rainfall and Temperature Really Changing? Farmer’s Perceptions, Meteorological Data, and
Policy Implications in the Tanzanian Semi-Arid Zone, Journal of sustainability 9: 1412;
6
Kyerwa district Ciuncil,2017
4|Page
 at selected sites
Reduced drudgery for
1.3. Community water drawing points women and children
constructed at selected sites. from long distance
1.4.Awareness raising meetings walk in search of water
conducted with community and firewood.
stakeholders to facilitate formulation
of stable, effective and efficiency Strengthened capacity
COWSOs at Runyinya village in on sustainable water
accordance with the Water supply and resource management
sanitation Act,2009 and utilization.

1.5. Water governance by laws

formulated to regulate effective use of
water and protection of water sources
1.6. Gender considerate water
governance arrangements for
COWSOs established at Runyinya
village
1.7. Technical Trainings of Trainers
conducted on maintenance and
operations; management of finance,
accounting and group dynamics issues
to selected community members of
COWSOs for Runyinya village

2. Climate Smart- 2.1. Drip irrigation structures/schemes Number of farmers 70,000

Community-Based at Runyinya village established at transformed from
(CSCB) - small scale selected sites primitive agricultural
irrigation scheme at practices to climate
Runyinya village 2.2. Selected members of farmer and smart and sustainable
women groups trained on Operation agricultural practices in
and Maintenance of drip irrigation Runyinya village
facilities at Runyinya village

2.3. Tailored training on best farming

practices and transformation of
traditional farming system through
using Farmer Field School Approach
provided to farmers in the selected
community of Runyinya village.
3. Enhance nature based 3.1 conduct tree planting activities Improved ecological 30,000
climate actions in local (trees with both environmental and functions to sustain
communities at socio economic values in mid-and climate sensitive
Runyinya village long-term such as fruit plants and livelihoods in the
through forest and fruit wood plants for timber) in the village village communities of
tree planting and bee Runyinya
keeping. 3.2.Promote bee keeping activities as
income diversification for vulnerable
marginalized groups (such as women,
girls, old people)

5|Page
 3.3 Improve ecosystem health and
delivery of ecosystem goods and
services
6. Other Operating Project cost 5,000
7. Total Project Cost 205,00
8. Institutional Administrative Cost (9.5%) 23,750
9. Project Cycle Management Fee charged by the Implementing Entity (8.5%) 21,250
Amount of Financing Requested 250,000

Projected Calendar:
Table 2: Milestones for the proposed project/programme

Milestones Expected Dates

Start of Project/Programme Implementation Dec 2019
Mid-term Review (if planned) Dec 2020
Project/Programme Closing July 2021
Terminal Evaluation May 2021

PART II: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

A. Project components, particularly focusing on the concrete adaptation activities of the project, and how
these activities contribute to climate resilience..

i. Project components focusing on the concrete adaptation activities

The proposed Project will comprise only three components focusing on the concrete adaptation activities

Project Component 1: Enhance climate proof village water supply in Runyinya village
Water availability is the key entry point in building livelihoods resilience in Runyinya village and other
communities living in Kyerwa district, who entirely depends on rainfall for their traditional water sources.
Water supply technology proposed in this component is the fundamental intervention where other project
components will be anchored-on to build resilience of vulnerable villagers in the pilot village. The resultant
outcomes from this component will lead into improved livelihoods and resilience of the villagers to climate
change, improved food and nutrition security, and ecosystem services. In addition, the constructed climate
proof water supply system will increase availability and access of water to village members as well as
reduce labor for women and children from long distance walk in search for water. This will save time for
women and children to venture into income generating activities and education respectively. To ensure
sustainability of proposed water supply system, selected villagers and water committee will be trained on
maintenance and operations. In addition, the local village and district authorities under the District
Executive Director (DED) will be the overall authority and has the capacity to inject finances for
maintenance costs of the dams after project closure.

The following are expected outputs to be achieved under this component:-

1.1. At least 2 boreholes drilled in Runyinya village and solar driven water pumps installed; 1.2. Water
storage tanks and distribution network systems installed at selected sites; 1.3. Community water drawing
points constructed at selected sites; 1.4.Awareness raising meetings conducted with community stakeholders
to facilitate formulation of stable, effective and efficiency COWSOs at Runyinya village in accordance with
the Water supply and sanitation Act,2009; 1.5. Water governance by laws formulated to regulate effective
use of water and protection of water sources; 1.6. Gender considerate water governance arrangements for
COWSOs established at Runyinya village; and 1.7. Technical Trainings of Trainers conducted on
maintenance and operations; management of finance, accounting and group dynamics issues to selected
community members of COWSOs for Runyinya village.
6|Page
 Component 2: Climate Smart-Community-Based (CSCB) - small scale irrigation scheme at Runyinya
village

Like in many other rural villages in Kerywa district farming system in Runyinya village is being challenged
by several challenges including poor farming practices and reliance on rainfall. As already described above,
now rain seasons are not reliable and unpredictable, they have shifted trends such that droughts and dry spell
periods are more common than wet spells. Rains are more erratic, coming at unexpected times in and out of
seasons. This causes farmers in Runyinya to suffer the most from food insecurity due to crop failures and
reduced farm productivity. Therefore, under this output, the project intends to increase resilience of farmers
to effects of climate change and variability by improving farming systems in pilot communities within the
village. Indicative project outputs to be implemented under this component includes:- 2.1. Drip irrigation
structures/schemes at Runyinya village established at selected sites; 2.2. Selected members of farmer and
women groups trained on Operation and Maintenance of drip irrigation facilities at Runyinya village; and
2.3. Tailored training on best farming practices and transformation of traditional farming system through
using Farmer Field School Approach provided to farmers in the selected community of Runyinya village

Project Component 3: Enhance nature based climate actions in local communities at Runyinya village
through forest and fruit tree planting and bee keeping.

This component will support climate change vulnerable farmers to manage their resources in ways, which
protect ecosystems and increase resilience to climate change. Widespread degradation of forest and agro-
ecosystems in the pilot village has reduced capacities for resilience and adaptation to climate change. A
range of technical prototypes will be devised to address sustainable harvesting and use of resources. They
will include integrated apiary sites, improved harvesting and processing of non-wood products.
Encouraging ecosystem-based interventions (integrated activities) will help to improve the resilience,
adaptation capacities of the villagers and for the well-being of the natural habitat. This component will lead
into following expected outputs outcomes: 3.1 conduct tree planting activities (trees with both environmental and
socio economic values in mid-and long-term such as fruit plants and wood plants for timber) in the village;
3.2.Promote bee keeping activities as income diversification for vulnerable marginalized groups (such as women, girls,
old people); and 3.3 Improve ecosystem health and delivery of ecosystem goods and services

ii. Contribution to Climate Resilience

The proposed project see building climate resilient livelihood systems as a powerful adaptation practices for
the pilot project to improve people’s life quality at village levels. This project strives to improve water
availability, income diversification and access to ecosystem services by human communities in the area
through the three project components to enhance communities’ adaptive capacity and contribution climate
change mitigation measures. Measures proposed under the current project will directly contribute to
household and community income generation through increased water security, increased productivity of
cash and food crops from small drip irrigation schemes, selling products and services from bee-keeping,
fruits with high value plants, selling products from home gardens and reduced poverty of various groups
including the majority young women who are currently vulnerable to HIV/AIDS because of high levels of
poverty and unemployment. Throughout the above mentioned concrete adaptation activities, there will be
elements of capacity building to local communities, improved access to technical information, change of
behaviour and practice, improved infrastructure, improved resource governance, enhanced ecosystem health,
improved knowledge for resource management, utilisation, and market access. All these will contribute to
increased capacity of rural communities for adaptation and resilience to climate change.

7|Page
B. Project’s economic, social and environmental benefits, with particular reference to the most vulnerable
communities, and vulnerable groups within communities, including gender considerations. Strategy to
avoid or mitigate negative impacts, in compliance with the Environmental and Social Policy of the
Adaptation Fund.

All three components of this project will considerably contribute to economic, social and environmental
benefits at village, district, national and at the international level. The proposed interventions under this
project will improve adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable communities in Tanzania. Each component
activities are well linked to both environmental and socio-economic to improve the wellbeing of the people
and their supporting natural ecosystems. Equally, the project is well informed by the Environmental and
Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund to avoid and mitigate unseen negative impacts including considering
gender issues. The following description below entails how economic, social and environmental benefits
have been integrated in the designing of this project: a) Social benefits - The project inspires to improve
rural water systems, foster food security, and transform farming practices and improved livelihood systems.
All these have multiple benefits and positive contribution to the existing social systems in the project site
including solving climate driven social and gender related problems. For instance, gender based challenges
linked to climate change effects such as water scarcity, food shortage and challenges for drop out of school
girls due to inadequate water supply and food insecurity; b) Economic benefits -The proposed project will
extensively contribute to economic benefits as it is design to promote transformation of livelihood systems
and quality of life among villagers through stimulating drivers of key economic activities the pilot project
site. In particular, the activities outlined in each output of the components will lead to increased water
security and agriculture production and move vulnerable communities beyond subsistence farming to selling
excess crops and fruits and bee keeping products. This project will also build sustainable market and will
link villagers to financial services as well as promoting credit cooperatives (SACCOs); and c)
Environmental benefits – The project will have several environmental benefits, including contribution to
climate change mitigation, ecosystem management, biodiversity conservation, land management and
conservation agriculture. This project have special component on promoting tree planting, ecosystem
restoration and bee keeping. Environmental benefits of this project is also expected to contribute to climate
resilience of rural communities through improved ecological functions and services, reversed land
degradation weather amelioration, creation of alternative income of vulnerable communities specially
women and girls through selling bee keeping products such as honey, timber, fruits from fruit plants and
other forest products. environment including climate change mitigation potentials, biodiversity and human
communities.

C. Describe or provide an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the proposed project

In 2007 under NAPA and 2019 under the NAP stack taking and the NDC development in the United
Republic of Tanzania multiple climate change vulnerable sectors analysis to prioritize adaptation actions
were conducted according to their potential for positive effects on economic development, social capital and
environmental management. Cost-effectiveness of the interventions was a criterion used to measure their
contributions to adaptation and economic development. As such, the interventions proposed under NAPA,
INDC and the NDC are the most urgent and were assessed to be cost-effective. The activities proposed in
the current project to be funded by the AF is well in line with those priorities identified under NAPA, INDC
and in the NAP stock taking report as described in Part II.D and as such are already identified as cost-
effective by the United Republic of Tanzania. The proposed project addresses the water, agriculture and
forestry and natural resource sectors which were identified as the most vulnerable to climate change;
ranking number 1, 2 and 4 respectively being the priority areas for adaptation interventions by NAPA and
recently by the NDC and the NAP stock taking report. The proposed interventions in this project are also of
top priority for each of the 3 sectors mentioned above. NAPA and the NGD emphasize establishment and
development of small scale drip irrigation systems and innovation of alternative farming systems as the top
priorities in the agriculture sector. In the water sector, priority is on drilling boreholes to established village
water schemes and promotion of water harvesting interventions. Afforestation, which is also a component in
this project, is given top priority in the forestry sector by these policy documents. Also, due to the fact that

8|Page
this project will implemented in one village, its operational costs will also be reduced through the
involvement of the local villagers, government authorities where the interventions will be implemented to
support in some aspects of the project including Monitoring and evaluation.

D. Project consistency with national or sub-national sustainable development strategies, including, where
appropriate, national or sub-national development plans, poverty reduction strategies, national
communications, or national adaptation programs of action, or other relevant instruments, where they
exist.

The National Climate change Strategy (2012) priorities and objectives:

Water is conceived being among the main source of livelihoods, harnessed for domestic, agriculture,
industrial use. Climate change is negatively impacting water sources, therefore addressing these climate
change induced impacts will allow continuous availability for these elements which are important for
sustaining livelihoods, economic growth and social development. In response, as due to the growing
concerns over negative climate changes and climate variability, Tanzania like many other countries has
vested into several initiatives to curb the situation include developing the National Climate Change
Strategy 7. National Climate Change Strategy was devised seeking for enhancing the technical, institutional
and individual capacity of the country to address the impacts of climate change. In order to achieve this, the
National Climate Change Strategy has identified several strategic interventions (SI), among which are
proposed by this project: G) – facilitate access to water resources; J)– enhancing decentralization of water
sources management.

Agriculture: In Tanzania, the agricultural sector is reckoned being among the economic development
pillars of which more than 80% of population within the country depending on climate sensitive rain-fed
agriculture as source of livelihood8 . However, adverse effects of climate change have also been recorded
within different government reports 9 10 as cited from CIAT and World Bank. The dependence of agriculture
on rainfall increases risks of droughts and floods. Therefore, reducing vulnerability of the sector to climate
change will significantly contribute to socio-economic development and ensure food security. Cognizant of
the situation, Tanzanian government has set several priorities, of which the current project will also thrive to
make its contribution to enhance the resilience of the communities to climate change induced impacts,
through: a) Assessing crop vulnerability and suitability (cropping pattern) for different Agro-ecological
zones; c) Promoting appropriate irrigation systems; d) Promoting early maturing and drought tolerant crops;
e) Enhancing agro-infrastructural systems; f) Promoting appropriate indigenous knowledge practices; i)
Strengthening post harvest processes and promote value addition; j) Addressing soil and land degradation by
promoting improved soil and land management practices/techniques; k) Strengthen integrated pest
management techniques; l) Promote use of pest/disease tolerant varieties; and m) Strengthen early warning
systems for pest surveillance.

Forestry: With regards to the forestry sub-sector, climate change is reported to have affected many of forest
and ecosystem processes. Expanding forest cover and use of adaptive species as well as linking conservation
areas is pivotal in adapting to climate change and ensuring continuity in the availability of ecosystem goods
and services hence improving the livelihoods of rural communities. All the same, the proposed project will
further strengthen efforts invested by the Government particularly on the following areas of emphasis: a)
Enhancing control of forest fire, disease and pest breakout; b) Enhancing conservation of forests

7
UNDP (2007). Human Development Report 2007/2008: Fighting climate change: human solidarity in a divided world.
Palgrave Macmillan, New York
8
United Republic of Tanzania - URT (2009a). Climate change and agriculture policy brief. Vice
President’s Offi ce, Division of Environment, Dar es Salaam
9
United Republic of Tanzania - URT (2008). State of the environment report 2008. Vice President’s Offi ce, Division of
Environment, Dar es salaam.
10
CIAT; World Bank. 2017. Climate-Smart Agriculture in Tanzania. CSA Country Profiles for Africa Series. International
Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); World Bank, Washington, D.C. 25 p.
9|Page
biodiversity and control of invasive species; c) Supporting alternative livelihood initiatives for forest
dependent communities; d) Promoting establishment of woodlots; and f) Strengthening and up scaling of
community based forest management best practices.

NAPA: Similarly, the Government further recognizes the extreme vulnerability of communities to climate
change as the aspect of poverty, which needs to be addressed from different perspectives include instituting
the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) in 2007. NAPA underscores that Agriculture, Water
and Forestry are of high priority sectors that requires interventions for adaptation to climate change. The
proposed project is in consistent with the NAPA as it is contributing to the following NAPA emphasized
activities in order to enhance climate resilience to the vulnerable rural communities in Tanzania.
Agriculture Sector: i) Increase irrigation to boost crop production in all areas; ii) Introduce alternative
farming systems; iv) Create awareness on the negative effects of climate change; v) Increase the use of
manure and fertilizer; vi) Range management for livestock production; and vii) Control pests, weeds, and
diseases.

Water Sector: i) Develop alternative water storage programs and technology for communities
Promote water harvesting and storage facilities; ii) Develop reservoirs and underground water abstraction;
iii) Community based catchments conservation and management programs – partially addressed; iv)
Develop new water serving technologies in irrigation.

Forestry sector: i) Increase irrigation by using appropriate water efficient technologies to boost crop
production in all areas; iii) Develop water harvesting and storage programs for rural communities
particularly those in dry lands; vii) A forestation programmes in degraded lands using more adaptive and
fast growing tree species; and xii) Water harvesting and recycling. Based on this, the proposed project
project recognizes remarkable efforts made by the Tanzanian Government, include other stakeholders,
whereas these initiatives must be sustained and deepened by enhancing resilient capacities of communities
to climate change across all targeted areas of intervention, and the nation at large.

10 | P a g e
 PART III: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A. Describe the arrangements for project / programme implementation.

Executing Agency: Agrodiamond Limited will be the overall executor of the project, through the services
of a Project Management Unit, which will be staffed with a Project Coordinator, an Assistant Project
Coordinator, and a Project Accountant who will also serve as Project Administrative Support Staff. The
Project Coordinator, the Assistant Project Coordinator, the Accountant are referred here as project personnel.
The executor will work in close collaboration with the village and district government where necessary
deploy the service of district professionals in the necessary fields such as agriculture, apiculture etc.

Implementing Entity: National Environment Management Council (NEMC), which is also, the National
Implementing Entity (NIE) of the Adaptation Fund (AF) in Tanzania will be responsible for the overall
management of the project and monitoring of project outcomes/outputs.

Description: The project shall be implemented for the period of two and half years (30
Months) from Dec 2019 to June 2022.

Procedures
Completion Date
Phase Steps Start Date

Submission of the Concept Note to NEMC 08/07/2019 19/07/2019

To introduce the project to the Government
Institutions/Agencies and other stakeholders for 09/08/2019 10/10/2019
collaboration initiatives.
First: To conduct feasibility studies in order to collect data
Before the for Construction and establishing drip irrigation
Project structures/schemes and preparation of project work 15/10/2019 15/11/2019
plan
To invite and provide parts of project works to Sub
Contractors 25/11/2019 31/11/2019

To conduct advocacy campaigns to selected

communities who shall participate in the 15/12/2019 05/01/2020
implementation of the project

Second: Construction and establishing drip irrigation

15/01/2020 15/05/2020
During the structures/schemes
Project To construct water storage facilities for vulnerable
small scale farming communities
01/06/2020 30/12/2020

11 | P a g e
 To train community for improving farming
knowledge for various small scale farming options 02/01/2021 02/03/2021

To promote bee keeping activities in woodland, hills

and mountainous systems and fruit plants as
improved ecosystem based income generating 15/03/2021 15/05/2021
activities

To engage farmers in fruit plants and timber-tree

planting in residential areas, along streets and
roadsides and degraded landscapes and establish 01/06/2021 30/07/2021
ecological schools in selected villages

To install surface and subsurface irrigation systems

including overhead galvanized storage tanks and
pumping facilities. 09/08/2021 09/12/2021

To conduct monitoring, coaching and mentoring for

the project sustainability involving neighboring
communities of the project. 10/01/2022 Continuous
Third:
After
Completion To conduct evaluation sessions of project to
of the determine its relevance and value for money
01/05/2022 Quarterly
Project

Finally to hand over the project to the village and

15/10/2022 31/12/2022
district authorities.

12 | P a g e
 B. Describe the measures for financial and project / programme risk management.

Precautionary measures for financial and project risk management will be formulated to foresee those risks before they happen. The risk categories on
delayed fund disbursement for project implementations and procurement processes are pertinent risks of the proposed project, which all together have
mitigation measures. The table below summarizes mitigation measures for financial and project/programme risk management.

SN FINANCIAL AND PROJECT RISKS MITIGATION MEASURES

1. Delay of fund Submit funds in time (NEMC)
2. Reluctance of some community members and stakeholders Involvement of all stakeholders from the beginning and improving the
to cooperate among themselves individual involvement in terms of personal values, connectivity
between community members, enhancing social relations and new
skills and knowledge.
3, Destruction of projects infrastructures Proper construction and installations
Provision of security systems and guards
4 Procurement processes Public Procurement procedures should be clearly adhered

5 Exchange rates fluctuations Bank of Tanzania rates will be followed

6 Reluctance of stakeholders to adopt ecological based and Sensitization of communities to influence peoples knowledge and
climate resilient livelihood systems and attitudes and, hence the actions they take to adapt to climate change
conservation practices impacts and define their contribution to global mitigation efforts.

C. Describe the measures for environmental and social risk management, in line with the Environmental and Social Policy of the
Adaptation Fund.

Kyerwa District Council will address both social and environmental opportunities and risks in an integrated manner, recognizing the interrelatedness of
social and environmental issues at early stages during the designing and implementation phases. This project is designed in consistence with
Environmental and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund. Proposed activities will be reviewed at every stage for potential social and environmental risks
and will ensure that potential adverse impacts are assessed and avoided, or where avoidance is not possible, minimized, mitigated, and managed.

13 | P a g e
 SN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISK MITIGATION MEASURES
MANAGEMENT
1. Willingness of the communities to engage in the project Involvement of the community in project design and implementation to
realize tangible benefits.
2. Lack of understanding of the project details Awareness Creation

D. Describe the monitoring and evaluation arrangements and provide a budgeted M&E plan.
NEMC will be responsible for managing the mid-term review/evaluation and the terminal evaluation. The Project Coordinator and his Team will
participate actively in the process. The project will be reviewed or evaluated on bi-annual basis (mid-year and end of the year basis). The purpose
of the review/evaluation is to provide an independent assessment of project performance at mid-term, to analyse whether the project is on track,
what problems and challenges the project is encountering, and which corrective actions are required so that the project can achieve its intended
outcomes in the most efficient and sustainable way. In addition, it will verify information gathered through the Adaptation Fund tracking tools. An
independent terminal evaluation (TE) will take place at the end of project implementation. The evaluation report will be publically disclosed and
will be followed by a recommendation compliance process. The direct costs of reviews and evaluations will be charged against the project
evaluation budget.
Activity Responsible person Timeframe
Inception meeting Executing entity project coordinator Within 2 months of project starting
Baseline survey Executing entity project coordinator Within 2 months of project starting
Mid-term review NIE/ External consultant 15 months
NIE annual visits NIE project coordinator Annual
Annual meetings Executing entity project coordinator Annual
Final evaluation report External consultant 30 months
Audit reports External auditor Annual
TOTAL

14 | P a g e
 E. Include a results framework for the project proposal, including milestones, targets and indicators.

Expected results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of Mileston

verification e
The overall objective is to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity to effects of climate change while reducing income poverty among the selected
communities in Runyinya Village.
Resilience and Percentage of people with To be established At least 30% increase in crop and • End of project Within
adaptive capacity to improved livelihoods and resilient during the baseline livestock productivity at the end of the M&E reports and
effects of climate to climate change study project. beyond
change while reducing • Journal articles the
income poverty in the Number of households At least 50 ha of land planted with published project
selected communities disaggregated by gender with adapted fruits/forest tree by the end of life
of Kyerwa District improved food and nutrition the project.
Council enhanced. security.
At least 50% of adopted diversified • Quarterly,
Number of people adopted sources of income generation activities annual, Mid-
diversified sources of income 60 female and 40 male headed HHs term and final
generation activities having access to water supply project
evaluation
Number of female and male reports
headed HHs having access to
water supply
Component 1: To enhance climate proof village water supply in Runyinya village
Climate proof village 1.1. At least 2 boreholes drilled in At least 10 irrigation schemes Periodic project Within
water supply in Runyinya village and solar established in Runyinya Village reports. year one
Runyinya village driven water pumps of the
enhanced. installed. Increased agroforestry trees, crop, fish Project annual project
1.2. Water storage tanks and and livestock productivity, biodiversity impact impleme
distribution network systems and vegetation cover. assessment ntation
installed at selected sites reports.
1.3. Community water drawing Improved governance on water use
points constructed at rights and management of forest Mid-term project
selected sites. resources. reports
1.4. Number of constructed final project
water supply channels . Reduced drudgery and time for women evaluations.
1.5. Awareness raising meetings

15 | P a g e
 Expected results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of Mileston
verification e
conducted with community
stakeholders to facilitate
formulation of stable,
effective and efficiency
COWSOs at Runyinya village
in accordance with the
Water supply and sanitation
Act,2009
1.6. Water governance by laws
formulated to regulate
effective use of water and
protection of water sources
1.7. Gender considerate water
governance arrangements
for COWSOs established at
Runyinya village
1.8. Technical Trainings of
Trainers conducted on
maintenance and operations;
management of finance,
accounting and group
dynamics issues to selected
community members of
COWSOs for Runyinya

Component 2: Implement Climate Smart-Community-Based (CSCB) - small scale irrigation scheme at Runyinya village to increase community resilience and
food security
Climate Smart- 2.1. Drip irrigation - Number of farmers transformed from Periodic project At the end
Community-Based structures/schemes at Runyinya primitive agricultural practices to reports of the
(CSCB) - small scale village established at selected climate smart and sustainable surveys, studies project
irrigation scheme at sites To be established agricultural practices in Runyinya village Project annual implemen
Runyinya village to during the baseline impact tation
increase community 2.2. Selected members of farmer study assessment
resilience and food and women groups trained on reports
security implemented. Operation and Maintenance of Mid-term project
drip irrigation facilities at reports
Runyinya village final project
evaluations

16 | P a g e
 2.3. Tailored training on best Village data
farming practices and
transformation of traditional
farming system through using
Farmer Field School Approach
provided to farmers in the
selected community of Runyinya
village

Component 3: Enhance nature based climate actions in local communities at Runyinya village through forest and fruit tree planting and bee keeping.

Expected results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of Milestone

verification
Nature based climate -3.1 conduct tree planting -Twelve model vegetable gardens with Periodic project At the end
actions in local activities (trees with both diversified vegetable crops established reports. of the
communities at environmental and socio To be established project
Runyinya village economic values in mid-and long- during the baseline -At least 30% of households within Project annual implemen
through forest and term such as fruit plants and study target community are integrated in impact tation
fruit tree planting wood plants for timber) in the aquaculture, horticulture, livestock and assessment
and bee keeping village apiculture. reports
enhanced.
3.2.Promote bee keeping Improved ecological functions to sustain Mid-term project
activities as income climate sensitive livelihoods in the reports
diversification for vulnerable village communities of Runyinya final project
marginalized groups (such as evaluations
women, girls, old people) Village data

3.3 Improve ecosystem health

and delivery of ecosystem goods
and services

17 | P a g e
 F. Demonstrate how the project / programme align with the Results Framework of the Adaptation Fund.

Project Objective(s) Project Objective Indicator(s) Fund Outcome Fund Outcome Indicator Grant Amount
(USD)

To enhance Climate proof 1.1. At least 2 boreholes drilled in Outcome 1: Increased -Physical infrastructure improved to 100,000
village water supply in Runyinya village and solar driven adaptive capacity within withstand climate change and
Runyinya village. water pumps installed. variability-induced stress.
1.2. Water storage tanks and relevant development and
distribution network systems natural resource sectors Enhanced climate resilient rural water
installed at selected sites supply system in selected
1.3. Community water drawing points communities at Runyinya Village,
constructed at selected sites. Kyerwa district.
1.4. Number of constructed water
supply channels . Reduced drudgery for women and
1.5. Awareness raising meetings children from long distance walk in
conducted with community search of water and firewood.
stakeholders to facilitate
formulation of stable, effective and Strengthened capacity on sustainable
efficiency COWSOs at Runyinya water resource management and
village in accordance with the utilization.
Water supply and sanitation
Act,2009
1.6. Water governance by laws
formulated to regulate effective
use of water and protection of
water sources
1.7. Gender considerate water
governance arrangements for
COWSOs established at Runyinya
village
1.8. Technical Trainings of Trainers
conducted on maintenance and
operations; management of
finance, accounting and group
dynamics issues to selected
community members of COWSOs
for Runyinya
To Implement Climate 2.1. Drip irrigation structures/schemes Outcome 2: Increased -Ecosystem services and natural 70,000
at Runyinya village established at

18 | P a g e
 Smart-Community-Based selected sites ecosystem resilience in assets
(CSCB) - small scale
2.2. Selected members of farmer and response to climate change maintained or improved under
irrigation scheme at
women groups trained on Operation and variability-induced climate change and
Runyinya village to
increase community and Maintenance of drip irrigation
stress variability-induced stress
resilience and food facilities at Runyinya village
security . Outcome 3: Strengthened
2.3. Tailored training on best farming awareness and ownership
practices and transformation of Percentage of targeted population
traditional farming system through of adaptation and climate aware of
using Farmer Field School Approach risk reduction processes at
provided to farmers in the selected predicted adverse impacts of climate
local level
community of Runyinya village change, and of
Outcome 4: Diversified and
appropriate responses
strengthened livelihoods

and sources of income for

vulnerable people in Modification in behavior of targeted
population
targeted areas

To enhance nature 3.1.Conduct tree planting activities Outcome 5: Diversified and Percentage of households and 30,000
based climate actions in (trees with both environmental and strengthened livelihoods communities having more secure
local communities at socio economic values in mid-and long- (increased) access to livelihood assets
term such as fruit plants and wood and sources of income for
Runyinya village through
plants for timber) in the village vulnerable people in Percentage of targeted population
forest and fruit tree
with sustained climate-resilient
planting and bee keeping targeted areas
3.2.Promote bee keeping activities as livelihoods
income diversification for vulnerable Outcome 6: Strengthened
marginalized groups (such as women, Percentage of targeted population
awareness and ownership
girls, old people) aware of
of adaptation and climate
3.3 Improve ecosystem health and predicted adverse impacts of climate
risk reduction processes at
delivery of ecosystem goods and change, and of
services local level appropriate responses

Modification in behavior of targeted

population

19 | P a g e
 Project Outcome(s) Project Outcome Indicator(s) Fund Output Fund Output Indicator Grant Amount
(USD)

1.1 Improved livelihoods • Number of people with increased Output 4: Vulnerable 4.1.2. No. of physical assets 100,000
and resilience to resilience to climate change physical, natural, and social strengthened or constructed to
climate change of the assets strengthened in withstand conditions resulting from
• Number of households with
rural communities, response to climate change climate variability and change (by
increased food and income security
improved food and Impacts, including asset types)
nutrition security, and variability
ecosystem services
• Proportion of people with enhanced
1.2 Reduced drudgery for 1.1 No. and type of risk reduction
social security (by improved literacy
women and children Output 3: Targeted actions or
and health)
from long distance population groups
strategies introduced at local level
walk in search of participating in
water and firewood
• Increased number of people with adaptation and risk
1.3 Strengthened capacity knowledge on sustainable reduction awareness 3.1.2 No. of news outlets in the local
on sustainable water management and utilization of activities
resource management press and
water resources
and utilization media that have covered the topic

1.1 Improved ecosystem • Percentage increase in forest Output 5: Vulnerable 5.1. No. and type of natural resource 70,000
health and delivery of resources for resilience to climate physical, natural, and social assets created, maintained or
ecosystem goods and change assets strengthened in improved to withstand conditions
services response to climate change resulting from climate variability and
• Number of people sustainably using
1.2 Increased sources of impacts, including change (by type of assets)
fruits and forest products
employment variability
3.1.1 No. and type of risk reduction
opportunities resulting actions or
from fruits and
• Proportion of land and forest
forestry venture
rehabilitated Output 3: Targeted strategies introduced at local level
population groups
1.3 Reduced land and
• Increased number of people with 3.1.2 No. of news outlets in the local
participating in
forest degradation in
knowledge on establishment, press and
the community

20 | P a g e
 landscape propagation and management of adaptation and risk media that have covered the topic
fruits and forest tree species (1000 reduction awareness
1.4 Strengthened farmers per village anchored on 50 activities
knowledge and skills focus youths)
on establishment,
propagation and
management of fruits
and forest tree species

3.1 Improved household • Percent increase in income, Output 6: Targeted 3.1.2 No. of news outlets in the local 30,000
livelihoods and individual and community press and media that have covered
income generation of • Reduced nutrition related illness livelihood strategies the topic
local communities
• Increased number of households in strengthened in relation to
from crop, livestock
food and nutrition security n face of climate change impacts,
and domestic water including variability
climate change
use.
• Number of farmers, students and Output 3: Targeted
3.2 Improved equitable
policy makers with improved population groups
water use for multiple 7.1. No., type, and sector of policies
capacity in strategies in climate participating in adaptation
agroecological needs introduced or adjusted to address
change adaptation and risk reduction
by the community;
awareness activities climate change risks

Output 7: Improved 7.2. No. or targeted development

3.3 Improved governance • Number of people adopted to integration of climate- strategies with incorporated climate
of water and use of technologies for adaptation and resilience strategies into change priorities enforced
forest resources for mitigation of impacts of climate country development plans
climate resilience in change
target village 3.1.1 No. and type of risk reduction
communities
actions or
3.4 Improved capacity on
strategies introduced at local level
governance of water
• Increased number of people with
and use of forest
knowledge on integrated and
resources for climate
diversified technologies for fish,
resilience in target
crops and livestock production
village communities

3.5 Enhanced capacity of

people with
knowledge on
integrated and

21 | P a g e
 diversified
technologies for crops
and livestock
production

22 | P a g e
 G.Detailed budget with budget notes, a budget on the Implementing Entity management fee use, and an explanation and a breakdown of the
execution costs.
Bore holes
and water
storage
Equipment( tanks
Consumabl Solar pump Consultanc establish Maintenan Total Cost
Component Budget Personnel e ,pipes etc) Transport y ments ce costs M&E Training (USD)

Component 1 Enhance
Climate proof village water
supply in Runyinya village 9,880.00 400 15000 4,000.00 5,600.00 50,490.00 5,000.00 1,500 3,630.00 95,500

Component 2: Implement
Climate Smart-Community-
Based (CSCB) - small scale
irrigation scheme at
Runyinya village to increase
community resilience and
food security 9,800.00 2,500.00 9,920.00 5,223 4,220.00 15,757.00 2,900.00 25,080.00 75,400

Component 3: Enhance
nature based climate actions
in local communities at
Runyinya village through
forest and fruit tree planting 5600.00 1,800.00 2600.00 3000.00 3,600.00 0.00 1,000.00 4210.00 16,000.00 37,810
and bee keeping.
208,710.0
Total Project operation costs
25280.00 4,700.00 27,520.00 12,223.00 13,420.00 50,490.00 21,757.00 8,600 44,710.00 0

Administrative cost of NIE 23,750

(8.5%)

Institution Administrative 21,250

22,727.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 2,080.00
costs (9.5%)

Total Fund request 250,000

Personnel: Per diem during travels, Coordination allowance, Special task honoraria, secretary and attendance, financial and admin assistance,
Supporting staff, dissemination, Staff time, farmer and local GOVT facilitation and Research assistants time
23
Consumables: Fuel and lubricants, Stationery, Printing and publication, animal feeds, tree seeds, scions and rootstocks, fertilizers, approved
natural pesticides
Equipment: irrigation, livestock infrastructure, shade screen nets, nursery equipment
Transport and Vehicle: Fuel
Consultancy: Irrigation structures designing, construction, nursery establishment, surveys,
Contractors and service providers: construction and commissioning of water irrigation structures, nursery and screen houses and irrigation
infrastructures
Maintenance Costs: Materials, labour, irrigation facilities and replacement of defaulted facilities
Monitoring & Evaluation: Field visits per diems, facilitation for local government, farmers, and VEO special task allowance,
Training: Technical staff, local government, farmers and VEO facilitation allowance,

24
PART IV: ENDORSEMENT BY GOVERNMENT AND CERTIFICATION BY THE IMPLEMENTING ENTITY

A. Record of endorsement on behalf of the government 11 Provide the name and position of the government official and
indicate date of endorsement. If this is a regional project/programme, list the endorsing officials all the participating countries.
The endorsement letter(s) should be attached as an annex to the project/programme proposal. Please attach the endorsement
letter(s) with this template; add as many participating governments if a regional project/programme:

Ambassador Joseph E. Sokoine Date: 31st July 2019

Deputy Permanent Secretary
Vice President’s Office

B. Implementing Entity certification Provide the name and signature of the Implementing Entity Coordinator and the date of
signature. Provide also the project/programme contact person’s name, telephone number and email address
I certify that this proposal has been prepared in accordance with guidelines provided by the
Adaptation Fund Board, and prevailing National Development and Adaptation Plans
(National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty 2010-2015; National Climate
Change Strategy 2012, Tanzania Vision 2025 and in the National Adaptation Programme of
Action (NAPA) and subject to the approval by the Adaptation Fund Board, commit to
implementing the project/programme in compliance with the Environmental and Social
Policy of the Adaptation Fund and on the understanding that the Implementing Entity will
be fully (legally and financially) responsible for the implementation of this
project/programme.

Fredrick F. Mulinda
Implementing Entity Coordinator

6.
Each Party shall designate and communicate to the secretariat the authority that will endorse on behalf of the national government the projects and programmes proposed by the
implementing entities.

25
Date: 3rd August 2019 Tel. and email: +255 753 240 517,
[email protected] / [email protected]
Project Contact Person: Denis Kiwali
Tel. And Email: +255 756 444 133, [email protected]

26
27
 PART I: PROJECT/PROGRAMME INFORMATION

Project/Programme Category: Regular Project

Title of Project/Programme: Enhancing Climate Change Resilience of Coastal
Communities of Zanzibar
Type of Implementing Entity: National Implementing Entity (NIE)
Implementing Entity:
Executing Entity/ies: Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock
and Fisheries, Zanzibar
Amount of Financing Requested US$ 1,000,000

1.0 Project Background and Context

Zanzibar is one of the two countries that form the United Republic of Tanzania (URT). Located in the
Indian Ocean, just south of the Equator, the Zanzibar archipelago comprises two major islands - Unguja
and Pemba - and more than 50 other small and remote islets. In the last census, of 2012, Zanzibar had
1,303,569 inhabitants. The population had increased by 33% since the previous census of 2002, with an
average annual growth rate of 2.8. Population growth rates are projected to be high.

While Zanzibar is working towards alleviating abject poverty, climate change is yet another bottleneck
to its socio-economic development. Climate variability has caused prolonged dry periods and
unpredictable rainfall patterns making crop cultivation unproductive. Freshwater resources are also in
limited supply mainly dependent on seasonal rains that store water in inefficient groundwater aquifers
consisting of freshwater lenses floating on the underlying seawater 1.Furthermore, increasing
temperatures have occasionally caused seal level rise leading to saltwater intrusion in low-lying farm
fields, notably rice farms. To this end, the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar in consultation with
stakeholders and guided by Zanzibar’s development Vision 2020 and the MKUZA-III development
plans, has developed a Zanzibar Climate Change Strategy (ZCCS) in 2014. The Strategy has been
developed to spearhead the development of climate change interventions in Zanzibar. The ZCCS
provides strategic priorities and prioritized sectors for implementation. Among the strategic priorities
include the building adaptive capacity and intervention for Resilient Coastal and Marine Areas and
Ecosystems. A broad set of potential adaptation options has been identified in the Zanzibar Climate
Change Action Plan (2016). These have been prioritized in a short and long-term priority plan, built
around an adaptation pathway that maximizes economic opportunities whilst building information to
help decisions in the future, especially in the face of uncertainty. However, the island is inadequately
adapted to the current climate stress, and there is an urgent need to curb the existing adaptation
shortfall.

1.1Socio-economic context

1
Gössling, S. (2001). The consequences of tourism for sustainable water use on a tropical island: Zanzibar, Tanzania. Journal
of Environmental Management 61 (179 – 191)
1
The economy of the islands is very dependent on climate with reliance on agriculture, natural resources
and ecosystems exploitation. Agriculture sector has direct contribution to the livelihoods of many
people, providing more than 75% of the foreign exchange earnings. However, the coastal climate regime
of Zanzibar is changing, and increasing wave activity and wave heights are a factor in recent increase in
salt water intrusion on the islands. In recent decades, Zanzibar has seen rising temperature, increased
rainfall variability, higher wind speed and extreme weather events. Around 150 sites on the islands have
been identified as being affected by salt water intrusion and are now not suitable for agriculture. This
has contributed to food insecurity whereby 26% of Zanzibaris are food insecure and 3.6% are facing
chronic food insecurity. Overall, the frequency and intensity of extreme events (e.g. drought and floods)
are expected to increase. Negative impacts will include reduced water availability, vegetation and land
degradation, and ecosystem and biodiversity destruction, as well as negative impacts on poverty
eradication, economic development, food production and health. The country’s rural poor, particularly
subsistence farmers who are mostly women and pastoralists, will be affected the most. Indeed, Zanzibar
is at risk in terms of agricultural productivity loss due to climate change impacts. Livelihood
enhancement through application of innovative adaptation mechanisms in the agricultural sector is
urgently needed to improve food production and support livelihood activities especially in coastal rural
communities.

This project will be implemented in selected two districts of NorthB in Unguja and Wete district in
Pemba. North B and Wete are poor districts in Zanzibar where majority of the inhabitants practice small
scale businesses. The most important economic activity of the community is agriculture followed by
fishing and other small enterprises for income generation. The communities face a number of challenges
such as low crop production, minimum fish catch, high temperatures and low rainfall periods, beach
erosion, long periods of droughts and sea water rise, encroaching most of paddy farming areas along the
coastal belts. To ensure their food security, the communities have decided to engage into other income
generating activities such as sea-weed farming, stone and bricks mining, charcoal and small-scale
enterprises aimed at boosting their income for livelihood development. Climate change impacts have the
potential to undermine and even undo progress made in improving the socio-economic well-being of
these people from low production rate of agricultural products. The negative impacts associated with
climate change are also compounded by many factors, including widespread poverty, human diseases,
and high population dynamics, which could be exacerbated by migration of farmers from place to place
as a result of salt water intrusion on crop fields. Sea-level rise and unexpected rainfall patterns represent
important components of climate change for these districts, with significant implications to deterioration
and degradation of natural resources of coastal environments. Subsistence agriculture is dramatically
affected by the stress of climate change and farmers will be left extremely impacted without many other
options to turn to.

2
Figure 1: Farm affected by salt water intrusion in Zanzibar

1.2 Development context

Like any other country, agriculture is vital for the economy of Zanzibar and is accorded high priority in
the government policy and planning as it contributes to food security and food self-sufficiency.
Furthermore, Agriculture is the main economic activity accounting for more than 70 percent of
merchandise export earnings. Zanzibar agriculture is smallholder, largely dependent of rainfall. The
Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar (RGZ) had envisioned eradicating abject poverty and attaining
sustainable human development by 2020. This vision is also reflected in the Zanzibar Strategy for
Growth and Reduction of Poverty III (ZSGRP III also known as MKUZA III in Swahili) 2016- 2020 which
carries an overall theme “Economic Growth and Social Development for the Well-Being of All”. While
the RGZ had put forward strategies to bring about economic and social development, climate change
seems to impede the development efforts especially in the agriculture and water sectors. The erratic
rainfall patterns have caused low agriculture production leading to food shortage. For example during
the period 2016 -2017 there were prolonged dry spell which left smallholder farmers severely affected.
Zanzibar experienced prolonged dry spell from July to October 2016 following delayed and below
normal rainfall which resulted into crop failure and reduced harvest in all districts of Zanzibar.
Moreover, in the period March to May 2017 during the rainy season, the rains were far above the normal
resulting into flooding which affected planted crops, damaged infrastructure and caused the outbreak of
cholera which all together disrupted the livelihood of many population especially farming households 2.
Saltwater intrusion is another challenge affecting the economic development of Zanzibar due to sea level
rise. Sea level rise leads to increased tides and thus flooding the low-lying areas including the crop fields.
This reduces crop yield, notably rice which is grown in flood plains. The reduction of rice production
has economic implication as some rice will have to be imported and thus increasing the price or
government expenditure by subsidizing the imported rice.

The UKAID funded study on Economics of Climate Change in Zanzibar demonstrated that a large
proportion of Zanzibar’s economy is associated with climate sensitivity activities such as agriculture,

2https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/1_IPC_Tanzania_Zanzibar_AcuteFI_Report_2017JulySe

pt.pdf
3
tourism and through the use of natural resources. Thus, the economy of the islands, and the livelihoods
of the people, depends on weather and the climate. In the report published in 2012 and available on the
website 3 it can be found that Zanzibar already suffers major impacts from current climate variability. It
is periodically affected by the extremes associated with El Niño and La Niña years, which leads to floods
and droughts. Such extreme events have major economic costs on Zanzibar, which are significant at the
macro-economic level, as well as affecting many livelihoods. Therefore, the islands have an adaptation
deficit. Considering the role of agriculture in providing food to the people of Zanzibar and supporting
the livelihoods of smallholder farmers many of whom are still poor, it is imperative that some
interventions are implemented to enhance their resilience to climate change impacts. By addressing
water shortage in the climate stricken semi-arid areas and saltwater intrusions, agriculture production
will be improved and thus building climate resilient economy of Zanzibar.

1.3Environmental context

Both MKUZA III and Zanzibar Environmental Policy 2013 recognize the fact that the islands have
experienced economic growth and social development which came at a cost of environmental
degradation. This is influenced by population growth, expanding tourism industry, rising energy
demand and depletion of natural resources. Urbanization and tourist industry have led to increased
degradation of vegetation and wetlands thus putting pressure on fresh water resources which are scarce.
The scarcity of freshwater in Zanzibar is attributed to limited rainfall and its geographical location; it
consists of two islands found in the Indian Ocean which contain saltwater. Generally, the groundwater
in the islands contains salt and may be easily affected by sea water intrusion even under minimum
pressure. Thus, piped water is normally supplied from distant sources 4. The hydrological cycle of
oceanic islands like Zanzibar suggests that the depth of water lenses decreases as distance increases from
the central, hence making the shorelines less resilient to sea level rise and associated sea water intrusion 5.
The rapidly growing tourism industry consumes a large amount of freshwater and the fixed tariff allows
for unrestrained use of freshwater by hotels at a minimal cost 6. Groundwater which is the main source
of freshwater has been utilized at rate higher than its recharge rate leading to the movement of saltwater
towards the freshwater aquifers and hence reducing freshwater. To date many ordinary households in
Zanzibar struggle to find water for domestic use. To recover freshwater, the Zanzibar Water Authority
has to apply desalinization technology. Moreover, population growth has led to increase in energy
demand for cooking. Since fuelwood is largely used, a sizeable forest area has been deforested as a result
of charcoal production. Generally, destruction of forests along the coast of Zanzibar is a result of limited
livelihood activities, population increase and high demand of wood-based products. Forest clearing is
usually for agriculture, settlements and development projects 7. In particular, rice farms were created by
clearing of mangrove forests. The farmers could grow rice throughout the year owing to water
availability in the freshwater frontier of the mangrove ecosystem. However, currently the rice farms are
no longer suitable for rice production due to saltwater intrusion which is partly attributed to sea level

3http://www.economics-of-cc-inzanzibar.org
4 Hansson, E. (2010). Groundwater on Zanzibar - use and pollutants, Institutionenförväxt- ochmiljövetenskaper,
Göteborgsuniversitet. Retrieved July1 8, 2019, from http://www.bioenv.gu.se/digitalAssets/1322/1322530_erik-
hansson.pdf
5 Halcrow. (1994). The development of water resources in Zanzibar. Final report. Revolutionary Government of

Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania.

6 Slade, Lorna, Ali Thani, Hajj M. Hajj and Salum N.Mbaruok. 2012. “Water Equity In Tourism: Zanzibar Case

Study”. Mwambao Coastal Community Network

7 Nordic Development Fund (2014). Coastal Profile for Zanzibar

4
rise, an impact of global warning and climate change. The clearing of mangroves for construction of
tourist hotels and agricultural expansion have had detrimental environmental effects, notably increased
beach erosion owing to sea waves which were in the past absorbed by mangroves.

Zanzibar is dominated by a tropical low land humid type of climate with an average annual rainfall of
1700mm and mean maximum temperature of 260C. The cropping calendar is influenced by rainfall
which is bimodal, i.e. the long rains (Masika) from March to June and the short rains (Vuli) from October
to December. Generally, Pemba Island receives more rainfall than Unguja with Unguja receiving more
rainfall during the short rainy season, while Pemba receives more long rains than Unguja 8 (see Figure 2).
The rain-dependent crop cultivation is highly affected by climate variability characterized by erratic
rainfall and increasing dry periods. Sea level rise and prolonged dry periods are two main climate issues
affecting the livelihoods of people of Zanzibar. The prolonged dry periods make agriculture production
impossible as it is dependent on rainfall. No irrigation schemes are in place to cope with dry conditions.

Figure 2:Monthly rainfall showing the two rainfall peaks for Zanzibar during the Vuli (left) and Masika (right)
rains 9

The tide measurements for Zanzibar indicate some increasing inter-decadal trends, with some variations
over time. In particular, alongside increasing wind speeds on the islands, there have been increases in
wave heights and high-water levels (see Figure 3a). This suggests that the wave climate regime could be
changing, and increasing wave activity contributes to enhanced coastal erosion, especially in areas
without natural protection 10.

8Makame, O.M and Kangalawe, R.Y.M. (2018). Water Security and Local People Sensitivity to Climate Variability
and Change Among Coastal Communities in Zanzibar
9 Makame, M. O., Kangalawe, R. Y. M., & Salum, L. A. (2015). Climate change and household food insecurity

among fishing communities in the eastern coast of Zanzibar. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics,
7(4), 131-142.
10http://www.economics-of-cc-inzanzibar.org

5
Figure 3 (a): Monthly Mean High-Water Level for Zanzibar for the period 1984 – 2004: This shows
significantincreases, indicating changes that are highly relevant to coastal impacts.

Figure 3(b): Annual monthly mean wind speeds for Zanzibar 11,12. The dotted blue lines and the dotted yellow lines in (b)
indicates the ten years monthly mean averages for the evenings and mornings wind speeds, respectively.

11Shaghude, Y.W. and Dubi, A.M. (2008). Survey of beach erosion problems at La Gemma Dell’Est
Hotel, Nungwi, Zanzibar. Report submitted to La Gemma Hotel, Nungwi, September 2008
12
Tanzania Meteorological Agency, Zanzibar Station
6
The historical meteorological data shows that the climate of the islands is changing. The data indicates a
strong temperature increase over recent decades (Figure 4). The temperatures in January and February in
Unguja have increased strongly over the last 40 years. This may be linked with increasing trend of sea
level rise in Figure 2 above. There seems to be unclear or rather complex rainfall trends in both Unguja
and Pemba. Future climate projections (Figure 5) also shows a similar trend in which temperatures are
likely to increase around 2 degrees by 2050 while the rainfall trends are uncertain.

Figure 4: Mean monthly minimum temperature in January and February in Unguja 13

Figure 5: Change in Future Monthly Daily Maximum Temperature and Precipitation (2040- 2060) Relative to
Baseline Zanzibar 14

13 Zanzibar Climate Change Strategy 2013, TMA

14Watkiss et al, (2012). The Economics of Climate Change in Zanzibar
7
1.4 Scope of the project and location of project areas

The project will be implemented in the selected sites of North B and Wete districts. Such sites were
selected during the project pre-design phase involving the targeted beneficiaries and other stakeholders
such as officers from the district councils, ward and shehia officers. NorthB district is one of two
districts of North Unguja Region. It is located south of North A district, about 11 miles from Urban West,
and also shares boundaries with the Central district on the south-east, West district on the south-west
and the Indian Ocean on the west and east. According to the Population Census of 2012, NorthB district
has a total population of 81,675, which is equivalent to 6.2 per cent of Zanzibar’s population.

The main economic activities of North B district include: agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, livestock,
mining and quarrying, manufacturing, services, construction, merchandise trade, hotels and lodges, and
provision of other services such as financial and insurance. These sectors contribute in different ways to
the district’s economy. Major crops produced within the district are paddy, sweet potato, cassava, yam,
millet, banana, and different varieties of fruit and vegetables.

Available statistics depict a relatively low level of productivity, especially when the district is compared
to other crop-producing areas. A very good example here is paddy which in the island, is considered a
priority crop by the people. However, the land area under crop production has been declining over the
years due to various factors, such as increasing encroachment on farmland caused by high population,
coupled with a growth in demand for better housing. Rising seawater is yet another factor. This is
among the major determinants of the future of agriculture. According to the 2014/15 Zanzibar
Household Budget Survey, incidence of poverty declined only marginally from 26.2 per cent in 2009/10
to 23.3 per cent in 2014/15. This means that poverty declined by 3 per cent only. On the other hand, the
level of food poverty in respect to the head count rate was 7 in 2014/15, compared to 6.9 reported in the
2009/10. This means that food poverty did not change from what was reported in the previous
Household Budget Survey (2009/10).

Proposed areas in North B

Bumbwini which is one of the four constituencies is the proposed project site for NorthB district. This
includes the three shehias of Makoba, Mafufuni and Kiongwe located in Mafufuni ward. In total there
are about 7,700 inhabitants in the three shehias most of them are engaged in agricultural activities.
However, to a large extent the paddy fields in these areas are affected by sea water intrusion

Wete District

Wete district is one of the two districts in North Pemba Region, in Pemba Island. The other district in the
region is Micheweni, which is along the eastern part of the island. Wete district has a total population of
107,916, which is equivalent to 8.3 per cent of the population of Zanzibar, based on the 2012 population
census. The economy of Wete district constitutes several sectors such as agriculture, fishery, livestock,
hotels, merchandise trade and tourism. Fishery is one of the sectors that supports the livelihood of
several people within the district. Fishermen and others employed in allied segments of the fishery value
chain make a living through this sector. However, this sector is not well developed partly because
participants do not have adequate education and lack necessary credentials to access loan facilities from
banks. Besides fishing from the sea, the number of households engaged in fishing, farming or
aquaculture is growing within the district.
8
The incidence of poverty in the district has declined marginally from 50.8 in 2009/10 to 47.7 in 2014/15.
This means that poverty declined by a magnitude of only 3 percentage points. Meanwhile, the level of
food poverty in respect to head count rate was 15.7 in 2014/15, compared to 21.1 reported in 2009/10.
This means that food poverty has declined by 5 per cent from the previous level.

The key issues in relation to agriculture in the district are modernization of agriculture and protection of
agricultural land against encroachment by expanding construction activities and seawater.
Modernization of agriculture should mainly seek to improve productivity and achieve self-sufficiency in
food.

Proposed area in Wete District

In Wete District there are at least 12 shehias already affected by sea water intrusion. These include
Ukunjwi, Gando, Kiuyuminungwini, Kiungoni, Chwale, Shengejuu, Piki, Kisiwani, Junguni, Kangagani,
Mjio ole and MtambweKusini. However, the proposed project intends to address the needs of Tovuni
which is the most affected area. In Tovuni there are 77.5 hectors of which 12 hectors are already affected
by seawater intrusion. About 270 farmers mostly women are engaged in agriculture in this area. In
recent years the production of rice has decreased significantly due to environmental changes (see Figure
6)

Figure 6: Farm affected by saltwater intrusion

1.4 Project objectives

The project will progress activities geared towards enabling climate resilient livelihoods in climate
impacted areas of Zanzibar. Thus, the project’s main objective is to build the capacity of smallholder
farmers in tackling climate change impacts through practical and innovative solutions; that have
9
concrete and tangible outputs. Specifically, the project envisages achieving the following:

(i) Constructing water harvesting infrastructures for supplying water throughout the year in
selected sites
(ii) Promoting soil and water conservation techniques for improved water protection and crop
productivity
(iii) Developing integrated climate resilient livelihoods diversification systems in selected sites
(iv) Institutional capacity building of local government authorities and communities in planning and
implementation of climate change adaption actions

1.5 Project Components and Financing:

Project Expected Indicative activities Expected Amount

Components ConcreteOut Outcomes (US$)
puts
1. Construction 1.1 At least 10 1.1.1Technical designing of the Increased
of water reservoirs reservoirs considering the water supply
harvesting constructed for location and capacity (liters of leading to
infrastructures improved water water) improved
for supplying availability 1.1.2Construction of the production 411,600
water reservoirs in various
throughout the 1.1.3Training of communities sub sectors
year in selected on reservoirs operation and
sites maintenance procedures
1.2 At least 4 1.2.1Designing and
water troughs construction of water troughs
constructed 1.2.2Training local community
intuitions on operation and
maintenance of the water
troughs
1.3Water efficient 1.3.1 Site selection and
irrigation community mobilization to
schemes agree on the selected site for
established the irrigation schemes
1.3.2 Installation of drip
irrigation system
1.3.3 Establishment of
irrigators organization (IO)
1.3.3 Training of leaders of IO
on various topics including
operation and maintenance of
the irrigation system

10
 1.4Rural water
supply system 1.4.1 Land survey for
improved establishing where the water
pipe will pass through
1.4.2 Digging of the trenches
1.4.3 Construction of water
delivery points/outlets
1.4.4 Establishment of
community owned water
supply organizations
(COWSOs) for community
water delivery system
1.4.5 Training of COWSO
leaders on various topics
including operation and
maintenance of the water
supply system
2.Promoting 2.1Improved land 2.1.1 Training of smallholder Increased 120,000
soil and water management for farmers on soil and water agricultural
conservation improved crop conservation techniques production
techniques for yield 2.1.2 Support smallholder
improved water farmers to implement selected Increased
protection and techniques water
crop 2.1.3 Establishment of demo resources
productivity farms protection
2.2:Improved 2.2.1 Community awareness
water resources raising on integrated water
management resources management
2.2.2 Situational analysis of
water resources in the project
sites
2.2.3 Establishment of WUAs
2.2.4 Training of WUA leaders
on good governance, financial
management, water use
conflict management and
water resources management
3.Developing 3.1Tress nurseries 3.1.1 Awareness raising on the Increased
integrated for supplying need for restoration of coastal income, food
climate resilient seedlings vegetation security and 210,000
livelihoods promoted 3.1.2 Training of communities resilience to
diversification on tree nursery establishment climate
systems in 3.1.3 Establishment of tree change
nurseries

11
selected sites 3.2 Poultry 3.2.1 Training on indigenous impacts
farming chicken production
improved 3.2.2 Training on exotic
chicken production
3.2.3 Provision of startup
capital in form of chicken or
chicks to the needy farmers
3.3Ponds/enclosu 3.3.1Training of farmers on
res for production of various
aquaculture
production aquaculture products
constructed 3.3.2 Designing and
construction of
ponds/enclosures for
aquaculture production
3.3.3 Purchase and distribution
of fingerlings to farmers
3.4 Beekeeping 3.4.1 Training on sustainable
production beekeeping practices
improved
3.4.2 Provision of modern
beehives and other related
items
3.4.3 Training on honey
processing and packaging
3.4.4 Provision of honey
processing equipment such as
honey centrifuge machine
3.5 The 3.5.1 Training on horticulture
production of production for selected crops
high value 3.5.2 Supporting the provision
horticultural of extension services to
crops increased farmers
3.5.3 Support business
development activities and
enabling farmers to access
local and internal markets
4. Institutional 4. 1 The capacity 4.1.1 Training of local 100,000
capacity of local government officials in two
building of local government
government authorities in targeted districts on climate Improved
authorities and facilitating the smart agriculture including capacity of
communities in adoption of mainstreaming of climate local
planning and climate smart change into development government
implementation agriculture
of climate practices plans and budgeting process. authorities
change strengthened 4.1.2 Facilitating district and
adaption officers to provide technical communitie
actions assistance to farmers on s in
climate smart technologies and planning

12
 practices and
4.2 Capacity of 4.2.1 Build capacity of farmers implementi
the farmers associations on planning for ng adaption
associations and
communities in climate related action actions
promoting the 4.2.2 Train farmers
adoption of associations on climate smart
climate smart agriculture and sustainable
agriculture
practices is and integrated water
strengthened management practices
4.2.3 Supporting Community
Based Trainers (CBT) in
training peer farmers
5. Project execution cost 83,600
6. Total Project cost 841,600
7. Project cycle Management Fee charged by the Implementing Entity (8.5%) 74,800
8. Amount of financing requested 1,000,000

Projected Calendar

Milestones Expected Dates

Start of Project Implementation December 2019
Mid-term Review November 2021
Project Closing (6 months after project completion) May 2023
Terminal Evaluation November 2022

PART II: PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

PARTII A: Describe the project components, particularly focusing on the concrete adaptation activities, how these
activities would contribute to climate resilience.

The project is conceptualized and designed in such a matter that it comprises of concrete adaptation
activities. Such activities are envisaged to contribute to climate resilience among coastal communities in
Zanzibar most of whom are vulnerable to climate impacts. The project will include four components, the
details of which are provided below.

Component 1: Construction of water harvesting infrastructures for supplying water throughout the
year in selected sites

Zanzibar is facing critical shortage of freshwater resources owing to environmental degradation and
climate change. Generally, it is water stressed, relying on freshwater obtained from unpredictable rains
and stored in shallow aquifers consisting freshwater lenses floating on seawater. Tourism in Zanzibar
has grown rapidly putting additional pressure on the dwindling freshwater resources. The freshwater
exploitation beyond the aquifers` recharge rate leads to lowering of groundwater table, deterioration of

13
groundwater quality and saltwater intrusion 15. According to Zanzibar Water Authority, about 200
million liters of freshwater are needed to supply the entire population per day. However, the supply is
limited with much of freshwater aquifers being intruded by saltwater. This necessitate the use of
desalination techniques for recovering the freshwater. But the desalination technology is not a best
option on long term, because it is relatively expensive and has some environmental risks. In rural areas
women and children have to walk long distances (sometimes up to 7 hours) fetching for waterthat is
often contaminated and unsafe 16, thus affecting other household activities. In some rural households,
children are unable to do school homework because when they come back home after many hours of
fetching water are already very tired. Therefore, the construction of water harvesting infrastructures
will demonstrate concrete adaption action for enhancing climate resilience in a water scarce Zanzibar
thus contributing to socio-economic development. While drilling of boreholes may appear to be a
solution as well, hydrological evidence suggests that increased pumping of groundwater may degrade
the freshwater aquifers leading to increased saltwater intrusion.

Output 1.1 At least 10 reservoirs constructed for improved water availability

A total of 10 reservoirs for rainwater harvesting (RWH) will be constructed in selected sites (5 in
Bumbwini - Unguja and 5 in Tovuni-Pemba). The harvested water will be used to cope with rainfall
shortage in the area and it is envisaged to improve agricultural production through irrigation. From
gender perspective, water availability will minimize cases of street children and early marriages since
one of the causatives of such issues is travelling long distances in search of water, whereby women and
adolescent girls are sexually abused leading to unplanned pregnancies. Furthermore, water efficient
irrigation system such as drip irrigation will be promoted to avoid water loss and increase crop water
productivity. The irrigation schemes will not only enhance yield of cereals but also horticultural crops
thus improving the livelihoods of communities building their resilience to climate change impacts. The
following indicative activities will be implemented:

1.1.1 Technical designing of the reservoirs considering the location and capacity (liters of water)
1.1.2 Construction of the reservoirs
1.1.3 Training of communities on reservoirs operation and maintenance procedures

Output 1.2 At least 4 water troughs constructed

Climate induced drought conditions affects not only agriculture production, but also livestock
production. The project will support the construction of water troughs to enable water supply to the
livestock. Apparently caves which are found in grazing lands are the major source of water for livestock
drinking in Pemba Island while local wells are used in Unguja. However, due to climate variations
leading to rising of sea level the caves and natural wells are now becoming unsuitable for livestock
drinking owing to saltwater intrusion. Therefore, part of the rainwater to be harvested will be used to
supply water to domestic animals through water troughs. To this end, 2 water troughs will be
constructed in Bumbwini – Unguja and 2 in Tovuni – Pemba. Indicative activities include the following:

15
Gössling, S. (2001). The consequences of tourism for sustainable water use on a tropical island: Zanzibar, Tanzania. Journal
of Environmental Management 61 (179 – 191)
16
https://drop4drop.org/water-crisis-zanzibar/

14
1.2.1 Designing and construction of water troughs
1.2.2 Training local community intuitions on operation and maintenance of the water troughs

Output 1.3 Water efficient irrigation schemes established

The project will support the establishment of irrigation schemes with a view of supplementing rainfall
shortages and thus improving crop production in the selected project sites. The water to be used for
irrigation will be taken from rainwater harvesting reservoirs. Water efficient irrigation systems such as
drip irrigation will be promoted. The irrigation systems will be established in selected farms located in
one area and approved by local government authorities. Farmers interested in growing various crops
and do not have a farmland in the irrigation scheme will initially be supported by the project to lease
land for growing crops of their choice. The following indicative activities will be implemented

1.3.1 Site selection and community mobilization to agree on the selected site for the irrigation schemes
1.3.2 Installation of drip irrigation system
1.3.3 Establishment of irrigators organization (IO)
1.3.3 Training of leaders of IO on various topics including operation and maintenance of the irrigation
system

Output 1.4 Rural water supply system improved

With the acute water shortage in rural Zanzibar, climate change appears to exacerbate the problem. To
address this, the project will support the rural water supply system in the selected project sites. This is
envisaged to easy the work of women and children who would otherwise travel long distances to fetch
water. As pointed earlier in this document, the water to be used will be sourced from the constructed
reservoirs. The communities will be involved in every aspect e.g. digging of trenches for installing the
water supply pipes. Thus the project will work towards ensuring that the community has sense of
ownership of the water supply system. The following indicative activities will be implemented

1.4.1 Land survey for establishing where the water pipe will pass through
1.4.2 Digging of the trenches
1.4.3 Construction of water delivery points/outlets
1.4.4 Establishment of community owned water supply organizations (COWSOs) for community water
delivery system
1.4.5 Training of COWSO leaders on various topics including operation and maintenance of the water
supply system

Component 2: Promoting soil and water conservation techniques for improved water protection and
crop productivity

Output 2.1: Improved land management for improved crop yield

In water limited areas like Zanzibar, the implementation of soil and water conservation (SWC)
techniques is very pivotal as it increases water storage in the soil. Moisture stress and decline of soil
fertility are themajor obstacles for crop production in Zanzibar, associated with climate change, poor
15
crop husbandry, excessive use of chemicals, poor conservation of catchment areas and
deforestation. 17SWC techniques are among the smart agriculture technologies and practices. They enable
capturing and water/moisture retention in the soil and reduce evaporation losses and retain nutrients
hence supporting plant growth even in drought conditions. For Zanzibar, technologies such as sunken
bed, water spreading and pitting will be promoted for enhanced water retention in the soil. Moreover,
mulching will be promoted for reducing evaporative water losses.

2.1.1 Training of smallholder farmers on soil and water conservation techniques

2.1.2 Support smallholder farmers to implement selected techniques
2.1.3 Establishment of demo farms

Output 2.2: Improved water resources management

The project will also foster catchment conservation with a view of protecting the dwindling freshwater
resources. To this end, local government authorities and communities will be in involved in catchment
conservation activities. In particular, community engagement in water resources management is one of
the principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM). Thus the project will support the
formation of Water Users Associations (WUAs) with a view of protecting water resources and
addressing water use conflicts among various water users. This will ensure equitable water allocation
and access to water for all. The indicative activities to be implemented under this output include the
following:

2.2.1 Community awareness raising on integrated water resources management

2.2.2 Situational analysis of water resources in the project sites
2.2.3 Establishment of WUAs
2.2.4 Training of WUA leaders on good governance, financial management, water use conflict
management and water resources management

Component 3: Developing integrated climate resilient livelihoods diversification systems in selected

sites
Considering the fact that Zanzibar’s economy and the livelihoods of its people depend on climate
sensitive resources, it is crucial that adaptation strategies that target climate resilient livelihoods are
promoted. Livelihood integration and diversification is recommended so as to maximize the resilience.
This is because reliance on only one means of livelihood may risk increased climate vulnerability if that
particular livelihood activity fails. Integration of livelihoods increases cost effectiveness as may generate
some co-benefits and synergies. For example, the integration of tree planning, poultry, aquaculture and
beekeeping on the same farm creates synergies. Trees protect soils and enhance water infiltration in the
soil, poultry farms supplies manure to the fish ponds. The nutrient-rich water from the fish ponds are
then used to irrigate horticultural crops adjacent to the fish ponds. Thus this kind of integration
enhances productivity while ensuring cost effectiveness. Furthermore, beekeeping may be integrated in
the same farm for enhanced pollination and increased income accruing from sale of honey.

Output 3.1 Tress nurseries for supplying seedlings promoted

17
Zanzibar Research Agenda 2015-2020

16
The project will promote the establishment of tree nurseries with a view of not only restoring the coastal
vegetation in degraded areas, but also generating income from the sale of seedlings. Population growth
and economic development involving increased urbanization and increased investment in the tourism
industry have led to clearing of coastal forests. Furthermore, the increased population has increased
biomass energy demand hence causing more tree cutting for charcoal making. Therefore, the seedlings
will be supplied to institutions and individuals. Mangrove tree seedlings will be given priority given the
ecosystem services they provide in the marine ecosystem.Besides preventing beach erosion, mangroves
have higher carbon sequestration potential than terrestrial trees as they have higher below ground
carbon to above ground carbon ratio than terrestrial counterparts 18. Seedlings of other tree species will
also be supplied. Indigenous trees species will be promoted so as to restore the natural vegetation. The
following indicative activities will be supported by the project:

3.1.1 Awareness raising on the need for restoration of coastal vegetation

3.1.2 Training of communities on tree nursery establishment
3.1.3 Establishment of tree nurseries

Output 3.2 Poultry farming improved

According to Zanzibar’s Agricultural Transformation Strategy 2010-2020, poultry production constitutes

higher proportion in total livestock keeping in Zanzibar, and emerges as important livelihood option for
the majority of people. In particular, the current poultry production does not meet the demand and
hence some poultry products are imported. Therefore, the project will provide some technical assistance
to interested farmers on how to establish and run poultry enterprise. While the focus will be on
indigenous chicken, the project will also support farmers interested in the husbandry of exotic chicken
(broilers and layers). The following indicative activities will implement under this output:

3.2.1 Training on indigenous chicken production

3.2.2 Training on exotic chicken production
3.2.3 Provision of startup capital in form of chicken or chicks to the needy farmers

Output 3.3 Ponds/enclosures for aquaculture production constructed

Considering the climate induced challenges facing Zanzibar such as saltwater intrusion due to sea level
rise, aquaculture has a huge potential for climate change adaptation. Aquaculture which means
cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, involves freshwater and marine products. In the integrated
farming system, freshwater fish production is recommended as the farm will have other activities
requiring freshwater. Mariculture will be supported along the shoreline whereby some
ponds/enclosures will be constructed for cultivating seaweeds, crabs, sea cucumber and milk fish.
Mariculture is a key livelihood activity for coastal communities and has good prospect for increasing
resilience to climate change impacts. While sea level rise may affect crop production due to saltwater
intrusion, mariculture may offset the damages through sale of mariculture products, the proceeds of
which can be used to purchase rice and other food items whose production is affected by saltwater
intrusion. In the integrated farm, fishponds will provide nutrients through the nutrient-rich water to be

18Along, D.M(2012). Carbon sequestration in mangrove forests. Carbon Management 3, 313–322

17
used for cultivation of horticultural crops in the other side of the farm. Moreover, the fishponds will
provide source of water for the bees. The following indicative activities will implement:

3.3.1Training of farmers on production of various aquaculture products

3.3.2 Designing and construction of ponds/enclosures for aquaculture production
3.3.3 Purchase and distribution of fingerlings to farmers

Output 3.4 Beekeeping production improved

Beekeeping is another livelihood activity with a potential to increase resilience to climate change
impacts. With the significant mangrove forest vegetation still remaining in the shoreline, beekeeping is a
viable livelihood based enterprise benefiting communities living in and around forests. The mangrove
honey is considered to fetch good price as compared to terrestrial honey. People have high preference for
mangrove honey because it is smooth and has medicinal value. Unlike the normal honey which contains
much sugar, the mangrove honey has a different test, somewhat bitter and salty. The mangroves absorb
various nutrients from the ocean thus making the nectar absorbed by the bees and subsequently the
honey to be rich in nutrients making it to have a high medicinal value. Most importantly beekeeping can
also be a practical tool for raising the awareness of communities on the importance of forest
management and conservation 19.Compared with cultivated crops, beekeeping is not affected by climate
variations and can provide a more predictable source of income. Besides, the pollination contributes to
crop yields. The climate resilience of the beekeeping enterprise lies in the fact that the honey bees can
tolerate high temperatures to some extent. The integration of beekeeping in a farm will facilitate crop
yield through pollination. Indicative activities include the following:

3.4.1 Training on sustainable beekeeping practices

3.4.2 Provision of modern beehives and other related items
3.4.3 Training on honey processing and packaging
3.4.4 Provision of honey processing equipment such as honey centrifuge machine

Output 3.5 The production of high value horticultural crops increased

Horticulture farming involves growing fruits and vegetables, products highly needed in daily meals. In
Zanzibar, the horticulture sub sector is largely dependent on imports owing to low production. With the
increasing population and growing tourism industry, the demand for horticultural crops is increasingly
high. The smallholder farmers engaged in horticulture production do not the suffice the demand of
tourist hotels. This is partly due to limited resources for increasing production and inadequate water
supply during the dry season. To this end, through the project supported water harvesting and irrigation
schemes the smallholder farmers will be able to grow horticultural crops throughout the year.
Horticulture if well practiced can improve the climate-stressed livelihoods of communities in North B
and Wete districts. Studies show that farmers engaged in horticultural crop production are well placed
to earn higher net farm incomes than those growing staple crops 20. For example, a study by the

19Gebru, Y.G., Gebre, A.E and Beyene G. (2016). Review on the role of honey bee in climate change mitigation and
poverty alleviation. Livestock Research for Rural Development 28 (3)
20Bengesi, K.M.K., & Abdalla, J. O. (2018). Forces Driving Purchasing Behaviour of Tourists Hotels Along

18
Volunteer Services Overseas (VSO) 21 in 2015 indicated the profits accrued from horticulture production
may be up to eight times more than of cereal crops. Indicate activities include the following:

3.5.1 Training on horticulture production for selected crops

3.5.2 Supporting the provision of extension services to farmers
3.5.3 Support business development activities and enabling farmers to access local and internal markets

Component 4: Institutional capacity building of local government authorities and communities in

planning and implementation of climate change adaption actions

Both droughts and floods are ever posing the threats for farmers’ food security. Their
harvests depend directly on predictable and sufficient rainfall. However, climate change is already
negatively impacting these farmers through unpredictable rainfall, soil degradation and soil erosion. The
situation is unlikely to change given worsening climatic conditions and maladaptive agricultural
practices. As a result, the uptake of climate adaptive farming practices is critically important. The project
will work in an integrated manner on strengthening capacity of the local institutions, farmers
associations and communities regarding promoting the adoption of climate smart agriculture practices.
At one level, the project will seek to influence and involve local people in relation to adopting smart
agriculture by developing capacities among communities. This approach will be especially effective in
proposed project areas given the well-developed local organization structures that exist in local
communities. Farmer associations will be supported (through the provision of encouragement and
technical advice) to promote the adoption of climate smart agriculture practices. In addition,
communities will be also capacitated to practice smart agriculture in their farming activities.

Output 4.1 The capacity of local government authorities in facilitating the adoption of climate smart
agriculture practices strengthened

The local institutions operating within project areas have a potential influence of transforming
agricultural practices from non-smart to smart agriculture. This is because of their direct interaction with
farmers as well as their planning and decision-making roles in formulating agricultural related policy
and legislations. The farmers in the project areas depend solely on rain fed agriculture. Rain fed field
crops are amongst the most vulnerable crops to climate change. Several technologies are harnessed to
risk coping, including the introduction of adapted selected varieties, supplementary irrigation and
irrigation management, integrated pest management, no-till and crop rotation practices and so forth.
Thus, it is important to build capacity of the local institutions in promoting the adoption of climate smart
agriculture. This will result in among others increasing farmers’ capacity on how to practice smart
agriculture under climate uncertainty. This approach will also amplify the adaptation mechanism
increase farmers’ resilience.

Activities:
4.1.1 Training of local government officials in two targeted districts on climate smart
agriculture including mainstreaming of climate change into development plans and budgeting
process.

Tourist-Agricultural Supply Chain in Zanzibar. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 10(2):36-46

21
VSO (2015). Value Chain Analysis of the Fruit and Vegetable Market for Smallholder Farmers in Zanzibar.
Volunteer Services Overseas, Dar Es Salaam. 38pp.
19
 4.1.2 Facilitating district officers to provide technical assistance to farmers on climate smart
technologies and practices

Output 4.2 Capacity of the farmers associations and communities in promoting the adoption of
climate smart agriculture practices is strengthened

Building capacity of the farmers associations and communities in promoting the adoption of climate
smart agriculture practices is very important. Farmers association in project areas are mainly composed
of farmers and lead by farmers themselves who for a large instant live within the respective project
areas. Adoption of climate smart agriculture practices is largely based upon farmer to- farmer transfers
of information, knowledge, experience and resources. Lead farmers who are locally influential farmers
within farmers associations are vital to this process. The proposed project will train and capacitate
farmers associations and communities at large in in promoting the adoption of climate smart agriculture
practices

Activities:
4.2.1 Build capacity of farmers associations on planning for climate related action
4.2.2 Train farmers associations on climate smart agriculture and sustainable and integrated
water management practices
4.2.3 Supporting Community Based Trainers (CBT) in training peer farmers

PATR IIB. Describe how the project provides economic, social and environmental benefits, with particular
reference to the most vulnerable communities, and vulnerable groups within communities, including gender
considerations. Describe how the project will avoid or mitigate negative impacts, in compliance with the
Environmental and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund. (Refer Annex I).

All four components of this project are designed to contribute to the environmental, economic, and social
benefits especially at the community level whereby local farmers and marginalized groups (incl. women,
youth and people with disabilities) will directly benefit through the improved capacity to adapt to the
impacts of climate change. This project also complies to the Environmental and Social Policy of the
Adaptation Fund whereby relevant risks are clearly identified, and mitigation measures are proposed.

Environmental benefits
The proposed project is expected to have multiple environmental benefits. The adoption of climate
smart agriculture practices (which promotes soil and water conservation) and other best environmental
conservation practices such as tree plantation will improve the natural vegetation cover thereby
contributing to proper management of soil and water resources. In particular, tree planting will
significantly contribute to the restoration of forests which were previously cleared for various reasons.
Restoration of mangrove forests along the shorelines will reduce beach erosion and enhance other
ecosystem services provided by mangroves. To address water shortage challenge, the project will
support the construction of rainwater harvesting reservoirs which assist in collecting and storage of
rainwater which would otherwise be lost as runoff. While the project recognizes the potential of
boreholes in addressing water scarcity in Zanzibar, it is not promoting boreholes due to environmental
reasons. The boreholes contributes to increased pumping of freshwater from the groundwater aquifers
leading to destabilization of the freshwater - saltwater equilibrium and hence increasing saltwater
intrusion. Therefore, by promoting rainwater harvesting structures the project will enhance the
protection of freshwater aquifers. Furthermore, the project will contribute to water resources
20
management through the formation of Water Users Associations which among others will be required to
ensure protection of river catchments. The establishment of integrated farming systems the project will
contribute to nutrient cycling, soil fertility and crop pollination through honey bees. All these are
essential for enhancing the resilience of the ecosystems and communities in the targeted project sites.

Economic benefits
The project has been designed to transform the economic situation of rural communities in the target
sites of Zanzibar. The project will be supporting the availability of water which is a very vital resource in
agricultural production systems. With the irrigation system in place farmers are envisaged to produce
more crops which will not only increase household food security but also income. The activities to be
implemented under components 1 and 3 will transform the economic status of communities from
resource-poor and vulnerable to resource-rich and resilient to climate shocks. The implementation of
livelihood based enterprises such as aquaculture, cultivation of high value horticultural crops and
beekeeping offers many economic benefits.

Social benefits
The project offers many social benefits which can be realized through the proposed interventions aiming
at livelihood improvement. In particular, the availability of water throughout the year will reduce the
workload of women and school girls who would otherwise travel long distances to fetch water. Tree
planning in private lands will create woodlots which can be used for firewood and charcoal making and
thus reducing women’s task of collecting firewood. In rural settings, besides fetching water women also
have a duty of gathering firewood for household’s heating energy. The livelihood activities to be
supported by the project will have a multiplier effect whereby the benefits will trickle down to more
vulnerable and marginalized groups in the community.

PART IIC. Describe or provide an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the proposed project

Cost-effectiveness aims to achieve the greatest development impacts from the available resources. The
cost-effectiveness of the project’s adaptation interventions will be greatly be enhanced by the
implementing entity. This project will be implemented through the government ministries and local
authorities such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock and Fisheries (MANRLF),
thus operationally no need for a new office and new staff. Also, pensions and insurance will be paid by
the implementing agencies as these costs are already covered by the employer and can be accounted for
as co-financing by the government. The operational costs will also be reduced through the involvement
of the local government authorities where the interventions will be implemented to support in some
aspects of the project including Monitoring and evaluation.

Also, the fact that the project will focus on coastal agricultural communities which highly depend on
agriculture for their livelihood, enhancing their capacity in adapting to the climate change impacts will
reduce costs associated with the hidden costs resulted from these impacts. The accessibility to water, for
example, will mean less time will be spent in the search for water, thus time saved could be used for
other economic activities to generate more income.

Zanzibar receives a relatively high annual rainwater volume, which exceeds demand, though much of
this lost from run-off to ocean or evaporation. Through the construction of water harvesting structures
such as reservoir and installation of irrigation facilities will be able to reserve much water for economic
activities which will improve the household income. Also, this will improve water source protection and
21
secure access to water supply for agricultural as well as domestic purposes. This proposed activities that
enhance sustainable and integrated water management yield significant benefits, based on estimates of
the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the agriculture productivity; and justify the cost
of investments in climate change adaptation. It is anticipated that the modest investment of Adaptation
Fund resources will result in significant improvements in water supply in the targeted districts. This
will yield significant benefits.

PART11 D: Describe how the project is consistent with national or sub-national sustainable development
strategies, including, where appropriate, national or sub- national development plans, poverty reduction strategies,
national communications, or national adaptation programs of action, or other relevant instruments, where they
exist.

The proposed project is consistent with both national and international plans. It is particularly consistent
with plans of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar including Zanzibar Development Vision 2020
(2000/2020), Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty III (2016/2020), Zanzibar Climate
Change Strategy (2014), Economics of climate change in Zanzibar (2012), Agriculture Sector Review
(2015), National program under the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF), Environmental Policy (2013),
African Union Agenda (2063), EAC Climate Change Policy (2011),Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) 2030, National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), 2007 and Tanzania Intended
Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCS)

Zanzibar Development Vision 2020

Zanzibar Development Vision 2020 is the basic tools toward development of Zanzibar. The Vision 2020
gives the important direction on various issues including Climate change and Sustainable Environment
Management by encourage renewable energy resources, conservation and protection of the
environment, rational and sustainable utilization of natural resources. The strategy direction for
Zanzibar Vision 2020 guides on promoting sustainable tourism, fishing and industrial sector, strengthen
trade sector, promote human resources development, encourage information and information
technology, encourage environmental protection and the promotion of good governance, capacity
building and peace and stability.

Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty III, 2016 - 2020
The Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty III comes up with key results areas to
ensure that the strategy is focused, prioritized and results-based (i) Enabling Sustainable and Inclusive
Growth (ii) Promoting Human Capital Development (iii) Providing quality services for all (iv)
Environmental Sustainability and Climate Resilience (v) Adhering to Good Governance Principles.

Zanzibar Climate Change Strategy, 2014

One among other objectives of the Zanzibar Climate Change Strategy is to guide mainstreaming of
climate change adaptation and low carbon sustainable development across the government and provide
the enabling environment for all stakeholders (private sectors, civil society, and communities) to
advance relevant activities.

Economics of climate change in Zanzibar, 2012

This document indicates key issues on climate change including the projection of climate change, sea rise
level, Socio-Economic Projections and Climate Screening of Development, climate risk, opportunity for

22
adaptation, Impacts of Climate Change and Possible Adaptation Options and Coastal and Marine
Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services.

Zanzibar Environmental Policy, 2013

The overall objective of Zanzibar Environmental Policy (ZEP) is to pave the way for the protection,
conservation, restoration and management of Zanzibar’s environmental resources, such that their
capacity to sustain development and maintain the rich environmental endowment for the present and
future generations is not impaired.

EAC Climate Change Policy, 2011

The purpose of the Policy is to guide EAC Partner States and other stakeholders on the implementation
of collective measures to address climate change impacts and causes in the region through adaptation
and mitigation measures while sustaining social and economic development. The adaptation objective
for EAC Climate Change Policy is to institute and implement measures which will improve the adaptive
capacity and resilience of the East African region to the negative impacts of climate change.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The proposed project will tackle the issues directly related to the SDGs such as Goal 1. End poverty in all
its forms everywhere, Goal 2. End hunger achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture, Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation
for all, Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all, Goal 11. Make
cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, Goal 13. Take urgent action to
combat climate change and its impacts, Goal 14, Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marine resources for sustainable development and Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use
of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss

National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), 2007.

The overall vision of Tanzania’s NAPA is to identify immediate and urgent Climate Change Adaptation
Actions that are robust enough to lead to long-term sustainable development in a changing climate. It
will also identify climate change adaptation activities that most effectively reduce the risks that a
changing climate poses to sustainable development.

Tanzania Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCS)

Tanzania Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCS) has put much emphases on Intended
Contributions to Agriculture, livestock, forest, energy, Coastal, Marine Environment and Fisheries, water
resource, tourism, human settlement and health

National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP)

NEAP developed to support the country towards meeting key international environmental obligations,
which include conventions related to Biodiversity and Forests, Climate Change, Sustainable Land
Management; Environmental Pollution, Hazardous Waste and Chemicals Management; Sustainable
Oceans, Coastal Zones, and protection of Coral Reefs.

23
Zanzibar Climate Change Action Plan
The aim of the Action Plan is to identify the specific implementation activities to deliver the Strategy,
setting out the priority options for adaptation and low carbon development, and providing a costed,
climate-finance ready pipeline of projects and programmes.

PART IIF. Describe if there is duplication of project with other funding sources, if any.

The proposed project and its interventions will avoid any duplication of actions and funding sources.
During conceptualization and designing of this project, consultations were made with North B and Wete
district council and relevant sector ministries whereby it was clear that no similar interventions exists in
such districts. Furthermore, during the development of the full project proposal, the team of the
proposed project will involve various stakeholders including NIE. This will ensure that no duplication of
project or funding sources is done. However, there some projects in other sites of Zanzibar which were
proposed or implemented some of the aspects of the proposed project. The table below shows some of
related projects for climate change adaptation conducted in Zanzibar:

Table 2. Climate change related projects/programs in Zanzibar

Project/Program Objectives Synergy with the proposed
project
Enhancing climate change Institutional support to the No duplication. The proposed
resilience in Zanzibar Revolutionary Government of project does not target decision
Zanzibar in developing climate makers but rather communities
strategy and adaption action vulnerable to climate chocks. As
plan. such the proposed project seeks
to implement concrete adaption
actions that will tangibly
transform livelihoods.
Economics of Climate To quantify the economic No duplication. This was purely
Change in Zanzibar impact of climate change to a research project/program.
Zanzibar. However, the proposed project
focuses on concrete adaption
interventions.
Decentralized Climate Piloting climate resilient No duplication. Much of the
Finance Project investments. interventions were conducted in
Tanzanian mainland.
Furthermore, the project targeted
SMEs while this proposed
project targets poor and
vulnerable communities

PART IIG. If applicable, describe the learning and knowledge management component to capture and disseminate
lessons learned.

The project’s learning and knowledge management component will entail dissemination of good
practices and lesson learned through various ways including media, publications, workshops and video
documentaries. In every component of the Project, one of the fundamental project activities focuses on
education, awareness creation and sensitization on climate change and its related impacts on social,
24
environment and economy aspects. This aims to ensure project beneficiaries and stakeholders are aware
of the risks and impacts associated with climate change so that effective and appropriate adaptation and
mitigations options are designed and executed. Enhancing community awareness on climate smart
agriculture, the importance of protecting water sources and efficient use of water resources in
agricultural crop production is expected to increase community commitment in participatory
management of natural resources around their areas and in turn reducing climate change threats. Project
activities will be undertaken in participatory and gender sensitive manner to ensure community acquire
required learning and knowledge. The outcome of this is increased knowledge sharing among and
between project beneficiaries and other community members outside the project. The project will
organize and conduct study visits within the project sites (Unguja and Pemba) to help farmers learn and
sharing experience. Study visits to Mainland Tanzania in areas with similar project will also be
organized to enhance better learning. The project will organize meetings with community and other
stakeholders engaged in project activities to capture lesson learned including challenges experienced
during the implementation. The project’s synthesized lesson learned will be published and shared with
project beneficiaries for wider knowledge dissemination.

PARTII H. Describe the consultative process, including the list of stakeholders consulted, undertaken during
project preparation, with particular reference to vulnerable groups, including gender considerations, in compliance
with the Environmental and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock and Fisheries (MANRLF) Zanzibar made
rapid consultations with various stakeholders including community in project targeted areas. The aim
was to raise awareness on the project, getting first-hand information for the preparation of this concept
note and building project ownership from the start. In the development of this note, the project reviewed
climate change vulnerability characteristics of the targeted areas to identify potential climate change
challenges and the most vulnerable groups within community in Wete and NorthB’Districts. Described
below are the various levels of stakeholders consulted during the preparation of the concept note. A
detailed stakeholders’ analysis and meetings will be conducted during the development of the full
project proposal including quantitative analysis of the data and information that will be gathered.

a) Sectoral level Stakeholders (MDAs):

o SVPO – DoE (Unguja and Pemba)
o Ministry of Finance and Planning
o Planning Commission
o Ministry of Land, House, Water, and Energy (MLHWE) Planning Commission
o Zanzibar Environmental Management Authority (ZEMA)
o Department of Irrigation
o Department of Agriculture
o Department of Forestry and Non-Renewable Natural Resources (DFNR)
o Zanzibar Water Authority (ZAWA)
o Head of Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock and Fisheries, Pemba

b) LGAs Level Stakeholders:

i) Wete Town Council, Pemba
ii) NorthB District Council, Unguja

25
 c) Community, Famers Associations and NGOs Level Stakeholders:
i) Community Forest Pemba (CFP) – Wete, Pemba
o Makoba and Mafufuni Community, North B District, Unguja
o Tovuni community, Wete District, Pemba
o Tanzania Horticulture Association (TAHA) Zanzibar
o Organized women groups in the targeted areas

The table below summarizes the roles of each stakeholder consulted.

Potential Stakeholders Description of the Roles

LGAs (Wete Town The project activities will be executed in the rural areas of the Town
Councils and North B and District authorities where key actors within the Town and District
District Council) Councils have direct role of managing community and activities. These
include Subject Matter Specialists (forestry, land, environment,
community development, fisheries) and extension officers. Other
includes Planning and District Agricultural officers who plan and
implements district plans and programs. The authorities have a role to
mobilize community to participate in the project activities, monitor
project progress, support community natural resources management
program including approval of bylaws for safeguarding water
resources.
Sectoral government All sector Ministries and their Departments relevant to this project are
key and the project will be keen to ensure they are widely consulted.
Sectors such as Agriculture, Forestry, Environment, Fisheries, Water
and Lands are relevant to this project and their inputs are necessary
during full proposal development.
Water User These are stakeholders that are part of the farmers but established to
Associations oversee and advocates farmer’s rights in agriculture sector including
managing rice fields, water utilization and follow up of access to
farming inputs. In this project they will be used to mobilize farmers to
actively engage in project activities. They will also receive training on
how best to manage community groups, manage irrigation structures
and enforcing the bylaws to realize positive projects outputs and
outcomes. Members of the famer’s associations are democratically
elected, and they are about twenty with leadership structure.
Non-government These are specialized group of stakeholders that will be engaged by
organizations the project to raise community awareness on climate change issues,
climate smart agriculture and water resource management. They will
work under the guidance of project team and district authority and in
close consultation with farmers associations.
Farmers These are grass root project beneficiaries that will be mobilized
through their local institutions to participate in project implementation
including climate smart agriculture practices, trainings and awareness
raising sessions, water sources protection and community meetings.
Farmers are key stakeholders that will be used to provide feedback
and lesson learned from project activities as they will practice the
interventions on the ground.
26
PARTII I. Provide justification for funding requested, focusing on the full cost of adaptation reasoning.

Funds requested from the Adaptation Fund will be used to support building the capacity of coastal
communities in Unguja and Pemba to adapt to the impact of climate change through implementation of
practical interventions to produce tangible and sustainable impacts. Without funds from the Adaptation
Fund, communities in Wet and North B districts will continue to be negatively affected from the impacts
and fail to meet the livelihood needs. A more justification for funding can be evaluated by analyzing the
project and without project scenarios as described below:

Component 1: Construction of water harvesting infrastructures for supplying water throughout the
year in selected sites

Without funds from the Adaptation Fund (AF), no activity will be implemented to address the challenge
of inadequate sustainable water supply for irrigation farming in Wete, and NorthB districts. This means
that communities will continue to depend on rainfed agriculture which is not sustainable due to
unpredictable nature of the rainfall patterns. This will lead to food insecurity problem and poor
household income resulting from poor agricultural production. Preliminary observations in these areas
show that women and other marginalized groups are highly affected. Women, in particular, are highly
impacted compared to men due to their dependency and involvement in agricultural activities.

AF funding to construct water infrastructures will enable water availability throughout for both farmers
and livestock keepers. Moreover, the construction of water reservoirs for rainwater harvesting will not
only reduce flood risks and supply water for irrigation systems but also enable water supply for
domestic use. By funding rainwater harvesting structures the AF will have enabled Zanzibar to achieve
Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and
sanitation for all).

Component 2: Promoting soil and water conservation techniques for improved water protection and
crop productivity

Without AF funding, more degradation of soil and water resources is expected given the prevailing land
management practices coupled with urbanization pressure. This project intends to progress soil and
water conservation innovations that will ensure restoration of degraded land and improve the protection
of river catchments. With AF funding the soil and water conservation interventions will enhance soil
fertility, soil structure and soil moisture which is critical for plant growth. This is envisaged to not only
boost crop yield but also increased groundwater recharge through increased water infiltration in the soil,
though this may be offset by evapo transpiration losses. With AF funding the project will facilitate the
establishment of Water Users Associations which will play very important role in protection of river
catchment areas.

Component 3: Developing integrated climate resilient livelihoods diversification systems in selected

sites

Given the current situation in the target districts whereby the livelihoods of rural poor communities
are vulnerable to climate change impacts, more people are posed to experience shortages of water and
food. The current farming practices are not climate resilient causing farmers to experience very low
yield. Therefore without AF funding, the communities are more likely to continue suffering from
27
climate change impacts owing to inability to implement climate resilient livelihood activities. Saltwater
intrusion has caused more harm to farmers as they are forced to abandon their farms. The economic
cost of losing land which has been previously used for agriculture cannot be compensated if there are
no alternative generating activities that can produce equally socio-economic benefits to the affected
communities.

With AF funding it is envisaged that the livelihoods of communities at grassroots will be improved
making them vibrant and resilient to climate change shocks. In particular, farmers affected by
saltwater intrusion will be capacitated to implement alternative and climate resilient livelihoods the
proceeds of which can be used to purchase food. Livelihood diversification will not enable
communities to have assured income for buying foods and other household needs, but also create
employments. Activities such as horticulture production and poultry require some labor inputs; hence
some people will be employed and hence contributing to the economic development of the country.

Component 4: Strengthen capacity of the local institutions, farmers associations and communities in
promoting the adoption of climate smart agriculture practices in the targeted districts.

At present the target districts do not have adequate capacity to effectively facilitate implementations of
climate change adaptation interventions. Without the AF funding, it is likely that the pace to incorporate
climate adaptation related issues into district development plans and implementing adaptation actions
on will be slow and may in some instances be impossible. Without FA resources climate change
vulnerable communities in North B and Wete districts are more likely to continue suffering. With AF
funding the districts will be able to facilitate the implementation of adaption actions with a possibility to
scale up the interventions in other sites found in their respective districts.

PARTII J. Describe how the sustainability of the project outcomes has been taken into account when designing
the project.

Sustainability aspect was taken into consideration during project design. This is demonstrated by
involving North B and Wete district councils which have legal mandate to oversee development
activities in the project sites. The water infrastructures to be developed in the project villages will remain
under overall supervision of the districts after project termination. Moreover, the project will build the
capacity of village level institutions in managing the infrastructures to be developed. Moreover, the
farmers and livestock keepers will be trained on how to implement various climate smart technologies
which can be sustained beyond the project period. Furthermore, district and ward extension officers still
provide technical assistance to the communities even after project termination. Besides, following project
termination; some of project activities will be incorporated in the district’s Medium Term Expenditure
Framework.

PARTII K. Provide an overview of the environmental and social impacts and risks identified as being relevant to
the project.

28
 Checklist of No further Risk Detail of potential Measures to
Environmental assessment and risks address risk
and Social required for potenti
Principles compliance al
i
Compliance X Risk: Low Not expected The full proposal will be
with the Law compliant with all
Potential relevant national laws and
impact: regulation including the
High bylaws set by North B
district, Wete district and
project sites.
Access and X Risk: Low Not expected The project will ensure
Equity equitable access to project
Potential benefits by all community
impact: members.
Low

Marginalized Risk: Moderate Failure to consult Although during concept

and Vulnerable marginalized and note development
Groups Potential vulnerable groups marginalized and
impact: may cause the vulnerable groups were
Moderate/High project to overlook consulted, more intensive
their needs and consultations will be done
hence denying them during full proposal
access to project development
benefits.
Human Rights X Risk: Low Not envisaged The project will adhere to
national and international
human rights standards,
Potential policies, rules and
impact: regulation
Moderate/
High
Gender Equity Risk: Moderate If the needs of Gender will be
and Women’s women and men mainstreamed in all project
Empowerment Potential are not equally components
impact: addressed the
Moderate/High project may
experience
difficulties during
implementation.

29
CoreLabour X Risk:Low Not anticipated The project will adhere to
Rights core labor rights during
Potential implementation
impact:
Moderate/High

Indigenous Risk:Moderate Without prior The project main target

Peoples consultations with will be to address the
Potential indigenous people needs of indigenous people
impact: the project is likely to
Moderate/High fail. Moreover, if
their capacities are
not built, the project
outcomes will not be
sustained

Involuntary X Risk:Low Not expected Theprojectdesign

Resettlement Potential doesnotrequire
impact: High involuntary
resettlement.
Protectionof Risk:Low Project interventions All project interventions
Natural should not lead to will be conducted in a
Habitats Potential destruction of manner that leads to
impact: natural habitats. significant threat to natural
High habitats
Conservation Risk:Low If care is not taken, The sites for construction
ofBiological project interventions of rainwater harvesting
Diversity Potential may lead to loss of reservoirs will be
impact: subjected to baseline
biodiversity
High assessment to determine
existing species and assess
any potential risks
Climate X Risk:Low Not anticipated Theprojectwill
Change contributetoclimate
changeadaptation. No
GHG emissions are
anticipated.
Pollution Risk:Low Not anticipated The project may cause
Prevention pollution to some extent
andResourceEffici Potential especially during
ency impact: construction of rainwater
High harvesting reservoirs.
However, it will adhere
to established national
and international
ll ti t d d
30
 PublicHealth X Risk:Low Not anticipated The project design will
ensure that public health is
Potential not adversely affected.
impact:
High
Physical and X Risk:Low Withou tthorough The baseline study will be
Cultural and careful site conducted to identify the
Heritage Potential presence of physical and
selection especially
cultural heritage sites
impact: during
Moderate/High construction of
water
infrastructures.

LandsandSoil X Risk:Low Not anticipated The project will promote

Conservation conservation of soil and
Potential land resources
impact:
Moderate/High

PART III: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

PARTIII A. Describe the arrangements for project implementation.

The project will be implemented by the Revolutionapart iiry Government of Zanzibar through the
relevant ministries and institutions. The main executing entity for this project will be the Ministry of
Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock and Fisheries (MANRLF), which is responsible for the
formulation and implementation of agricultural policies and strategies in the country. MANRLF will
work closely with the Vice President Office, Department of Environment, which is responsible for all
environment and climate change issues in the country, and which is expected to provide relevant
guidance to ensure successfully achievement of project objectives.

The Project Team will be comprised of Project Coordinator, Project Accountant, M & E specialist and
Project Driver, all to be seconded within the government through MANRLF. The Project Team will be
guided by the Project Steering Committee (PSC), which will be constituted by members from the
relevant ministries and departments – MANRLF; Second Vice President’s Office; Ministry of Finance and
Planning; Ministry of land, house water and energy; Representatives from farmers associations and
women groups; Representatives from people with disabilities; and Representatives from the local
government authorities notably from Wete and North B. Being an NIE, NEMC is responsible for the
overall management of the project including facilitating issuance of the project funds.

PARTIII B. Describe the measures for financial and project risk management

31
 Risk Type Risks Category Risk Mitigation Measure
Level
Financial Timely disbursement Low Fund requests and project progress reports will be
risk of funds timely prepared, communicated and submitted to the
Adaptation Fund and other relevant stakeholders to
ensure adequate feedback is provided to speed up
fund’s disbursement. The Project Team will follow
required standards and templates as provided by the
Adaptation Fund to ensure proper reporting and avoid
unnecessary delays.
Financial control risk Low Appropriate structures at the ministerial level and local
government authorities exist for proper management
and control of the public funds. This project will,
therefore, follow these structures and international
accounting standards (IAS) and to all Generally
Acceptable Accounting Principles (GAAP) to meet all
accounting requirements related to reporting, control
and transparency and auditing.
Project risk Project performance Low Project Team will be carefully constituted based on skills
and capacity to manage project on Climate change
intervention as well good monitoring tools to facilitate
implementation of this project. Detailed work plans will
be developed and be approved by both the Project
Steering Committee and NEMC.
Participation of Low Participation of stakeholders will consider widely
stakeholders involved from early stages of the project design,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation during the
entire life of project cycle. Involvement of key
stakeholders at community level and inclusion of
vulnerable to climate change adaptation communities
and groups such as youth, women, local leaders,
community beneficiaries, and farmers association as
well as responsible ministries will facilitate to mitigating
any risks related to stakeholders’ involvement.

PARTII C. Describe the measures for environmental and social risk management, in line with the Environmental
and Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund.

Measures to manage specific Environmental and Social risks are described in the table below.

32
 Environmentalandsocial Measures to be taken
Risk Category
Gender EquityandWomen • Identification of Beneficiariesduring project design and
Empowerment implementationphases with view of ensuring that
women directly benefit from project interventions.
• Gathering gender disaggregated monitoring data
• Giving special consideration for women and girls
during project implementation.
Lossof biodiversity Promoting sustainable practices
Exclusionoffarmers with Special considerations for vulnerable and underprivileged
HIV, disabled/physically groups
challenged,Gender
ExclusionofIndigenous Mainstreaming ITK inproject interventions
technicalknowledge (ITK)
Laborlaws Ensure thatallemployedpersonnel inthe project sites/areas are
contracted inaccordancewiththe national and international
Labor Laws.
Compliancewith statutory The project will adhere to all relevant statutory laws including
Laws the requirements for Environmental Impact Assessment.
Complaints/grievances Agrievancemanagement framework will be developed to
provide a platform for all project stakeholders to express their
concerns in a transparent manner.

PARTIII D. Describe the monitoring and evaluation arrangements and provide a budgeted M&E plan.

Activity Responsible Person Budget Timeframe

Inception Project Coordinator 4000 Within 2 months of project starting
Regular monitoring Project coordinator 9000 Quarterly
Annual impact Assessment M &E officer 2000 Annually
Midterm evaluation National consultant 5000 One and half year
Field report Project coordinator 0 Semi annual
Steering committee meetings Project coordinator 6000 Semi annual
Technical reports Project coordinator 0 Periodic
Final evaluation National Consultant 6000 Four months before the end of the project
Terminal project Report Project coordinator 5000 End of the project
Audit report External Audit 3000 End of the project

33
E. Include a results framework for the project proposal, including milestones, targets and indicators.

Expected Results Indicators Baseline Targets Means of Verification Milestones

Project Goal: Enhancing resilience of coastal community to climate change-induced challenges of drought, floods and saltwater intrusion in NorthB
and Wete districts, Zanzibar
Enhanced resilience to climate The percentage of To be At 50% of the community • Project By the end of the
change impacts caused by community established members have access to progress project and beyond
drought, floods and saltwater members resilient during project freshwater report
intrusion to climate chocks Inception • Midterm
whereby a At least 20% of farmers hare review report
baseline study practicing irrigation • End of project
will be agriculture evaluation
conducted • Publication in
Household income increased journal articles
by at least 30% by the end of
the project

Crop yield increased atleast

by 20%.
Component 1: Construction of water harvesting infrastructures for supplying water throughout the year in selected sites
Improved access to water for • The • Project
various uses such as irrigation percentage of To be At least 50% of target progress
farming, livestock and domestic households established population has access to reports By the end of Year 2
use supplied with during the freshwater • Midterm
water baseline survey review report
• Number of • End of project
farmers At least 30 % of farm evaluation
benefiting households practice • Publication in
from the irrigation farming journal articles
irrigation
schemes
• Type and 34
number of
 other
production
activities
benefiting
from water
supply
system
Component 2: Promoting soil and water conservation techniques for improved water protection and crop productivity
Improved crop yield and water • Number of Crop yield increase by at • Project
resources protection bags/kgs least 10% in farms under soil progress
produced To be and water conservation reports
from a farm established • Midterm By first half of Year 3
under soil during the At least 30% of the river review report
and water baseline survey catchment area restored and • End of project
conservation conserved evaluation
interventions • Publication in
• Area of journal articles
catchment Form at least 2 Water Users
conserved Associations in each district
• Water quality
and quantity
• Number of
Water Users
Associations
formulated.
Component 3:Developing integrated climate resilient livelihoods diversification systems in selected sites
• Number of
Increased resilience to climate farmers • Project
challenges through livelihood engaged in progress
integration and diversification tree nurseries reports By end of Year 2
and sale of • Midterm
seedlings At least 10% of target farm review report
• Number of To be households engage in tree • End of project
farmers established nurseries evaluation
35
 engaged in during the • Publication in
poultry baseline survey At least 20 % of farm journal articles
• Number of household has more than
farmers doing one livelihood activities
aquaculture
both At least 10 % of farmhouse
freshwater practice poultry and
and aquaculture
mariculture
• Number of Al least 30% of farm
farmers households engage in
engaged horticulture production
horticulture
farming
• Number of At least 10 % of farm
farmers household engage in
engaged in beekeeping
beekeeping
At least 5 % of farm
households integrate tree
planting, poultry,
aquaculture, horticulture
production and beekeeping
Component 4:. Institutional capacity building of local government authorities and communities in planning and implementation of climate chang
adaption actions
Improved capacity of local • Number of • At least 5 % of district • Project
government authorities and district planning and budget progress
communities in planning and officers To be account for climate reports
implementing adaption actions trained on established change related actions • Midterm
climate during the review report
change baseline survey • At least 2 officers from • End of project
adaption the districts and 2 evaluation By first half of Year 3
issues officers from the wards • Publication in
are dedicated to journal articles

36
• Number of supporting rural
ward officers communities on climate
trained related interventions

• Percentage of
time and
funds
allocated for
supporting
climate
change
adaption
interventions
by district
councils

37
 F. Demonstrate how the project / programme aligns with the Results Framework of the Adaptation
Fund

Project Project Objective Fund Outcome Fund Outcome Grant Amount

Objective(s) Indicator(s) Indicator (USD)
1.Construction Number of rainwater Outcome 5: 3.1. Percentage of 411,600
of water harvesting reservoirs Increased targeted
harvesting constructed ecosystem population aware
infrastructures resilience in of
for supplying response to climate predicted adverse
water change and impacts of
throughout the variability-induced climate change,
year in selected stress and of
sites appropriate
responses
2.Promoting Number of soil and Outcome 3: 3.1. Percentage of 120,000
soil and water water conservation Strengthened targeted
conservation techniques implemented awareness and population aware
techniques for ownership of
improved water Number of Water User of adaptation and predicted adverse
protection and Associations formed climate risk impacts of
crop reduction climate change,
productivity processes at and of
local level appropriate
responses
3.Developing • Number of farmers Outcome 6: 6.2 Percentage of 210,000
integrated engaged in tree Diversified and targeted
climate resilient nurseries and sale of strengthened population with
livelihoods seedlings livelihoods sustained
diversification • Number of farmers and sources of climate-resilient
systems in engaged in poultry income for livelihoods
selected sites • Number of farmers vulnerable people
doing aquaculture in
both freshwater and targeted areas.
mariculture
• Number of farmers
engaged horticulture
farming
• Number of farmers
engaged in
beekeeping

4. Institutional • Number of district Outcome 3: 3.1. Percentage of 100,000

capacity officers trained on Strengthened targeted
building of climate change awareness and population aware
local adaption issues ownership of
government of adaptation and predicted adverse
authorities and • Number of ward climate risk impacts of
38
communities in officers trained reduction climate change,
planning and processes at and of
implementation • Percentage of time local level appropriate
of climate and funds allocated responses
change for supporting
adaption climate change
actions adaption
interventions by
district councils
Project Project Outcome Fund Output Fund Output Grant Amount
Outcome(s) Indicator(s) Indicator (USD)
1.Increased Output 3: Targeted 4.1.1. No. and
water supply population groups type of health or 411,600
leading to Number of rainwater participating in social
improved harvesting reservoirs adaptation and infrastructure
production in constructed risk developed or
various sub reduction modified to
sectors Number of farmers awareness respond to new
covered by the irrigation activities conditions
schemes resulting from
climate
Number of households variability and
supplied with water Output change
4:Vulnerable (by type)
physical, natural,
and social assets 4.1.2Number of
strengthened in physical assets
response to climate strengthened or
change impacts, constructed to
including withstand
variability conditions
resulting
from climate
variability and
change
(by asset types

Output 6:Targeted 6.1.1.No. and

individual and type of
community adaptation assets
livelihood (physical as well
strategies as knowledge)
strengthened in created in
relation to climate support of
change impacts, individual- or
including community-
variability livelihood
strategies

6.1.2. Type of
income sources
for
households
generated under
climate
39
 change scenario

2.Increased Number of soil and water 120,000

agricultural conservation techniques
production and implemented
water resources
protection Number of Water User
Associations formed.
3.Increased • Number of farmers Output 3: Targeted 4.1.1. No. and 210,000
income, food engaged in tree population groups type of health or
security and nurseries and sale of participating in social
resilience to seedlings adaptation and infrastructure
climate change • Number of farmers risk developed or
impacts engaged in poultry reduction modified to
• Number of farmers awareness respond to new
doing aquaculture activities conditions
both freshwater and resulting from
mariculture climate
• Number of farmers variability and
engaged horticulture change
farming (by type)

• Number of farmers
engaged in
beekeeping 4.1.2Number of
Output physical assets
4:Vulnerable strengthened or
physical, natural, constructed to
and social assets withstand
strengthened in conditions
response to climate resulting
change impacts, from climate
including variability and
variability change
(by asset types

5.1.1 Number of
natural resources
assets created
Output ,maintained or
5.Vulnerable improved to
ecosystem withstand
services and conditions
natural resource resulting from
assets climate
strengthened in variability and
response to climate change(by type
change impacts and scale)
including
variability 6.1.1.No. and
type of
adaptation assets
40
 (physical as well
as knowledge)
created in
Output 6:Targeted support of
individual and individual- or
community community-
livelihood livelihood
strategies strategies
strengthened in
relation to climate
change impacts, 6.1.2. Type of
including income sources
variability for
households
generated under
climate
change scenario
Output 3: Targeted
population groups
participating in 4.1.1. No. and
adaptation and type of health or
risk reduction social
awareness infrastructure
activities developed or
modified to
respond to new
conditions
Output resulting from
5.Vulnerable climate
ecosystem services variability and
and natural change
resource assets (by type)
strengthened in
response to climate 5.1.1 Number of
change impacts natural resources
including assets created
variability ,maintained or
improved to
withstand
conditions
resulting from
climate
variability and
Output 6:Targeted change(by type
individual and and scale)
community
livelihood
strategies
strengthened in 6.1.1.No. and
relation to climate type of
change impacts, adaptation assets
including (physical as well
variability as knowledge)
created in
support of
41
 individual- or
community-
livelihood
strategies

6.1.2. Type of
income sources
for
households
generated under
climate
change scenario.

4. Improved • Number of district Output 3: Targeted 2.1.1. No. of staff 100,000

capacity of local officers trained on population groups trained to
government climate change participating in respond to, and
authorities and adaption issues adaptation and mitigate impacts
communities in risk reduction of, climate-
planning and • Number of ward awareness related events
implementing officers trained activities
adaption 3.1.1 Number and
actions • Percentage of time type of risk
and funds allocated Output 6:Targeted reduction actions
for supporting individual and or strategies
climate change community introduced at
adaption livelihood local level
interventions by strategies
district councils strengthened in 3.1.2 No. of news
relation to climate outlets in the
change impacts, local press and
including media that have
variability covered the topic

7.2. No. or
targeted
development
strategies with
incorporated
climate change
priorities
enforced

G. Include a detailed budget with budget notes, a budget on the Implementing Entity management fee
use, and an explanation and a breakdown of the execution costs.

This part will be done during full proposal development stage

H. Include a disbursement schedule with time-bound milestones.

42
This part will be done during full proposal development stage

PART IV: ENDORSEMENT BY GOVERNMENT AND CERTIFICATION BY THE

IMPLEMENTING ENTITY

A. Record of endorsement on behalf of the government 22 Provide the name and

position of the government official and indicate date of endorsement. The endorsement letter
should be attached as an annex to the project proposal.

Ambassador Joseph E. Sokoine, Deputy Date: 31st July,2019

Permanent Secretary, Vice President’s
Office

B. Implementing Entity certification Provide the name and signature of the Implementing
Entity Coordinator and the date of signature. Provide also the project/programme contact person’s
name, telephone number and email address

I certify that this proposal has been prepared in accordance with guidelines provided
by the Adaptation Fund Board, and prevailing National Development and Adaptation
Plans (Zanzibar Development Vision 2020 (2000/2020), Zanzibar Strategy for Growth
and Reduction of Poverty III (2016/2020), Zanzibar Climate Change Strategy (2014),
Economics of climate change in Zanzibar (2012), Agriculture Sector Review (2015),
National program under the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF), Environmental
Policy (2013), African Union Agenda (2063), EAC Climate Change Policy
(2011),Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, National Adaptation Programme
of Action (NAPA), 2007 and Tanzania Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
(INDCS) and subject to the approval by the Adaptation Fund Board, commit to
implementing the project/programme in compliance with the Environmental and
Social Policy of the Adaptation Fund and on the understanding that the Implementing
Entity will be fully (legally and financially) responsible for the implementation of this
project/programme.

Fredrick F. Mulinda,
Senior Environmental Management Officer,
National Environment Management Council,
Implementing Entity Coordinator

Date: August 3, 2019 Tel. and email:+255 753 240 517/

[email protected]
Project Contact Person: Aziza Juma Ali
Tel. And Email: +255 777 498723 E-mail: [email protected]

6.Each Party shall designate and communicate to the secretariat the authority that will endorse on behalf of the national
government the projects and programmes proposed by the implementing entities.

43
44
 Project Formulation Grant (PFG)

Submission Date: 3rd August 2019

Adaptation Fund Project ID:

Country/ies: United Republic of Tanzania
Title of Project/Programme: Enhancing Climate Change Resilience of Coastal
Communities of Zanzibar
Type of IE (NIE/MIE): National Implementing Entity (NIE)
Implementing Entity: National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
Executing Entity/ies: Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock
and Fisheries, Zanzibar

A. Project Preparation Timeframe

Start date of PFG January 2020

Completion date of PFG July 2020

B. Proposed Project Preparation Activities ($)

Describe the PFG activities and justifications:

List of Proposed Project Output of the PFG Activities USD Amount
Preparation Activities
Desktop literature review Detailed literature review, a list of
reviewed literatures 900
Stakeholders workshops for Workshop reports, validated project
validating the project design design, improved design, inputs to
and inputs for full proposal the design process
development 6,500
Field visits in the project area Validated project design
for validating project design and
obtaining inputs for full project
proposal development 6,800
Detailed analysis of project Well described and detailed Project
components components 2,200
Development of project log Detailed Project Logframe and
frame and results framework Results Framework developed 1,500
Detailed project budget Detailed and concrete project budget
development 1,000
Preliminary Environmental EIA report, EIA review report and
Impact Assessment (EIA) of the Environmental Clearance Certificate
proposed project 3450
Full project proposal Full Project Proposal developed
development 4,900
Printing and binding of full Printed and bound copies of full
proposal copies for submission project proposal for submission 200
Implementing Entity’s
Management Fee 2550
Total Project Formulation Grant 30,000

45
C. Implementing Entity

This request has been prepared in accordance with the Adaptation Fund Board’s procedures
and meets the Adaptation Fund’s criteria for project identification and formulation
Implementing
Entity Signature Date Project Contact Telephone Email Address
Coordinator, (Month, Person
IE Name day,
year)
Fredrick F. 3rd Aziza Juma Ali +255 777 498723 [email protected]
Mulinda August
2019

46