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APUSH_Period_9_Revised_Final

The document outlines key historical developments in the United States from 1980 to the present, focusing on political changes, economic policies, and social issues. It discusses the rise of Ronald Reagan and conservatism, the impact of George H.W. Bush, the end of the Cold War, and the challenges of the 21st century, including the War on Terror and economic inequality. Additionally, it highlights significant events and movements related to immigration, civil rights, and technological advancements.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
26 views15 pages

APUSH_Period_9_Revised_Final

The document outlines key historical developments in the United States from 1980 to the present, focusing on political changes, economic policies, and social issues. It discusses the rise of Ronald Reagan and conservatism, the impact of George H.W. Bush, the end of the Cold War, and the challenges of the 21st century, including the War on Terror and economic inequality. Additionally, it highlights significant events and movements related to immigration, civil rights, and technological advancements.

Uploaded by

leesungchi01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Period 9: 1980 – Present Guided Notes

Complete the following reading guide in its entirety using the provided AMSCO text and class lecture.

Learning Historical Developments


Objectives

Explain the 9.2 | Reagan and Conservatism


causes and
What signaled the arrival of Republican dominance in American politics?
effects of
Election of Ronald Reagan in 1980
continuing
policy
Ronald Reagan and the Election of 1980
debates
Describe the rise of Ronald Regan and how he was seen by the American people:
about the
Rise: governor of California
role of the
Seen: a champion of the average citizen
federal
governmen
Campaign
t over time.
How did Reagan attack the Democrats?

1. Attacked the loss of US prestige abroad


2. Attacked them for expanding government
3. Cited the high misery index of 22

What gave the Republicans control of the Senate for the first time since 1954?

The election of 1980 ended a half century of Democratic dominance of _____________________________.

The Reagan Revolution


The following two events helped Regan win the favor of many during his first term:
1.
2.
Regan ran as a mainstream republican who made what four promises?

Reaganomics

Describe the basic principles of Reaganomics:

What did critics compare Reaganomics to?

Describe the following tax changes made by Regan in his first 100 days:
➔ Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981:

➔ What taxes were cut and who did they help?

➔ Top income tax rate:

➔ Small Investors:

Describe the changes made by Regan regarding the following:

❏ Domestic Spending on things like food stamps, student loans, mass transportation:

❏ Military Spending:

❏ Medicare/Social Security:

1
How did Regan reduce federal regulations on business and industry?

What hastened the decline of union membership under Regan? How did Regan feel about unions?

What allowed the economy to rebound from the economic downturn beginning in 1983?

How did this recovery increase the gap between the rich and the poor?

Social Issues
Describe the US Supreme Court under Regan:

What were some of the conservative actions taken by this court?

The Election of 1984


Regan easily swept the election. What groups of people, however, did not vote for the Republican candidate?

Budget and Trade Deficits


What were the Regan tax cuts intended to do?

What did they actually do?

What happened to the US for the first time since WWI in 1985?

What was the Regan administration reaction to this?

Impact of President Regan


Under Regan, the government ____________________________ restrictions on the
____________________________ and placed more money in the hands of ____________________________. His
administration also redacted the growth of the ____________________________ and changed the debate
from what new governments programs were needed to what could be ____________________________ and
by how much.

How did Regan change the politics of the US?

President George H.W. Bush

How did Bush Sr. discredit Democrat Michael Dukakis and appeal to voters in the 1988 elections?

How did voters send mixed signals in this election?

2
Describe the following controversies and successes faced by Bush Sr. domestically

Nomination of
Clarence
Thomas

New
Taxes/Recession

Americans with
Disabilities Act

Political Inaction

Political Polarization

What political division became more prominent in this time?

What was the significance of swing states?

Which areas were mostly Republican, and which were mostly Democrat?

Describe the shift took place in the Republican party in the 80s and 90s

What has been the result of closely contested Congressional elections that swing back and forth between party
control?

How did the abolition of the fairness doctrine make politics more polarized through the media?

What issue has prompted serious debates, especially over Supreme Court Justices and why?

Describe the significance of the following events in relation to gun rights:

➔ Brady Bill

➔ National Rifle Association

➔ District of Columbia v. Heller:

3
What issues continue to be faced by women, despite being more likely to be college educated than men, and
despite increased numbers of working women? In this response, include a discussion of the goals of the #MeToo
movement:

In what ways are the legacies of segregation and discrimination still evident in American society towards African
Americans?

Describe the goals of the Black Lives Matter movement:

Describe the significance of the following events in the LGBTQ+ Rights movement

● President Clinton:

● 2009:

● Obergefell v. Hodges:

What was the big issue in regard to immigration during this time?

How did the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) deeply divide the US?

What has come to prevent the US from dealing with issues both foreign and domestic effectively?

Learning Historical Developments


Objectives

Explain the 9.3 | The End of the Cold War


causes and
effects of Foreign Policy During the Reagan Years
the end of
How did Regan feel about the USSR and what were his plans for the Cold War?
the Cold
War and its
legacy.
What two things exemplify Regan’s approach to the Cold War?

What did Regan want to develop with the Strategic Defense Initiative?

Who did Regan support in the Americans?

Describe the situation in Nicaragua:

What was the Boland Amendment?

4
Where else did the US send aid to prevent a leftist takeover?

How did the US respond to a pro-Cuban regime being installed in Grenada?

What was the US’s secret plan in Iran in the 1980s?

How did this connect to the struggle in Nicaragua to support the Contras?

How did this illegal transfer of funds change the way people viewed Regan?

Lebanon, Israel, and the PLO

Why did the US send peacekeeping troops into Israel and what was the result of this mission?

Improved US - Soviet Relations

Why did the Cold War intensify in the early 1980s?

Describe the two major reforms made by the new soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev:

➔ Glasnost:

➔ Perestroika:

How did Gorbachev want to achieve these reforms?

What became a major obstacle in halting arms discussions between Gorbachev and Regan at their second
meeting:

What was determined at their third meeting?

What other actions did Gorbachev take to reduce Cold War tensions?

The following causes are attributed with ending the Cold War:
1.

2.

3.

4.

George H.W. Bush and the End of the Cold War


What question surrounds the US at the close of the Cold War?

Persian Gulf War


What event threatened George Bush’s desire for world peace and democracy?

5
Describe the events surrounding Desert Storm:

The Collapse of Soviet Communism and the Soviet Union


BRIEFLY describe the events surrounding the end of the Cold War:

Description Significance

Tiananmen Square

The End of
Communism/the
Fall of the Berlin
Wall

The Breakup of the


Soviet Union

SALT I and II
Treaties

What concerns did many Americans have about the former Soviet Bloc countries and where did those fears play
out?

What question remained at the end of the Cold War?

Aftermath of the Cold War in Europe


What is the European Union?

Why do relationships with Russia continue to be strained?

Who was Slobodan Milosevic and what did he do?

Why were NATO troops sent into Bosnia in 1995 and Kosovo in 1999?

Why did many former soviet bloc countries become easy targets for corruption and autocratic rulers?

Learning Historical Developments


Objectives

Explain the 9.4 | A Changing Economy


causes and
effects of Election of 1992
economic
and What issues did Clinton focus on as a “New Democrat”?
technologi

6
cal change
over time. Who won the election of 1992?

Clinton’s Focus on the Economy

What did Senate Republicans block with the filibuster during the first two years of the Clinton administration?

Describe the following early successes of the Clinton administration


❏ Family and Medical Leave Act -

❏ Motor Voter Law -

❏ Brady Bill -

❏ Anti - Crime Bill -

❏ Why did this anger the NRA?

❏ Deficit-Reduction Bill -

What was the “Republican Revolution” or the “Revolution of ‘94”?

Why had the democratic congress fallen out of favor with the American people prior to this “revolution”?

Describe the budget compromises made between the President and Congress in 1996:

What helped eliminate the deficit in 1998?

Why was Clinton the first democrat to be re-elected since Franklin Roosevelt?

What changes were made to taxes during the Clinton administration:

What did Clinton use the federal surplus for?

Why was President Clinton impeached in 1999? Was he convicted?

Technology and a Changing Economy

What innovations fueled national productivity?

What innovations took place in the medical field?

What technologies “flattened the Earth”?

Describe income in America in the 1990s.

What happened for the first time since 1973 in 1997?

Define globalization:

7
Describe the significance of the following organizations:
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) World Trade Organization (WTO)

International Monetary Fund (IMF) Group of 8 (G8)

What caused tension in this newly global world?

Why did privacy become an issue during this time?

Why did the government do little to regulate the online world?

Income and Wealth

Despite economic prosperity, what happened to the number of people living below the poverty line in the
1990s?

Describe the distribution of income at this time:

Concentration of wealth in 2007:

The wealthiest 1% possessed ____________________ % of the nation’s wealth.


The next 19 % possessed ____________________%
The bottom ____________________% owned only about ____________________%
In 2010, The wealthiest 1% possessed ____________________ % of the nation’s wealth.
_______________________% of households headed by a single parent were without ____________________
Despite being the richest nation in the world, the US had what?

What do some historians blame this inequality on?

What is the fear politically about this massive income inequality?

Learning Historical Developments


Objectives

Explain the 9.5 | Migration and Immigration in the 1990s and 2000s
causes and
effects of Changing Immigration Policies
domestic
Identify some of the different parts of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
and
internation 1.
al
migration 2.
over time.

8
3.

What did immigration into the US decrease from in the second half of the 20th c.?

Where did it increase from?

Which population became the fastest growing segment of the population and the largest minority group in the
US?

What was the purpose of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986?

Why was it criticized?

What were the goals of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996?

Was this act successful? Why or why not?

What is the purpose of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program and who are the “Dreamers”?

What happened to the total number of undocumented immigrants during his presidency?

In what ways did President Trump promise to be tough on immigration than President Bush and President
Obama had been?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Were these policies successful at reducing the number of undocumented immigrants coming in the United
States?

Influence of the American South and West


Where did the majority of Americans live in the US by 2000?

Why did people continue to move into the Sunbelt region during the 90s?

What kinds of industries drew people to the Southwest?

How did this region increase its political power?

What kinds of cultural ideas spread from the S and the W?

9
How did these cultures change?

American Society in 2000


Where did people live according to the 2000 census (like cities, rural, etc.)?

Why was the American population considered to be “graying”?

What concerns increased as the Baby boom generation aged?

Learning Historical Developments


Objectives

Explain the 9.6 | Challenges of the 21st Century


causes and
effects of What has exposed America’s vulnerabilities since entering the 21st c. as economically and militarily dominant?
the
domestic
and Disputed Election of 2000
internation
al What was unique about the 2000 election?
challenges
the United
States has Who were the democratic and republican nominees for President?
faced in
the 21st
century. What did victory hinge on in this election?

What decision was made in Bush v. Gore?

How did the SC decision highlight the division of the nation at the time?

War on Terror

How did Bush Jr. make up for his lack of foreign policy experience?

Why did tension exist between the Middle East and the US prior to the War on Terror?

Describe the complaints and goals of religious fundamentalist groups like Al-Qaeda in the Middle East:

What is asymmetric warfare?

Describe the terrorist events of the following years:


● 1993 -

● 1998 -

● 2000 -

● 2001 –

10
Describe actions taken by the US in Afghanistan following the 9/11 attacks:

How successful were they?

What did many accept after these attacks?

What was the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 and what power did it give the federal government?

Why did the PATRIOT Act concern some?

What happened at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba?

What was the largest reorganization of government since the creation of the Department of Defense after WWII?

Why were the CIA and FBI maybe left out of the Department of Homeland Security?

What is the job of the director of national intelligence?

Who did President Bush name as the “axis of evil”?

What two assertions were made about Iraq by President Bush? Did these pan out to be true?

Why did the US enter Iraq?

Why was this action criticized?

Did the violence in Iraq end after Saddam Hussein was captured in 2003?

Why was the US criticized for going into Iraq?

Elections of 2004 and a Bush Second Term


What did Republican appeal to in order to maintain the Presidency in 2004 despite the unpopular War in Iraq?

What positive steps were taken by the Iraqi government in 2005?

Despite that, what continued?

Why did Bush send in a “surge” of troops in 2007?

What was happening in Afghanistan at this time?

11
How did President Bush play an active role in foreign affairs?

How did he not play an active role in foreign affairs?

What was the “Bush Doctrine”? What actions did it justify?

Election of 2008
Who were the democratic and republican nominees in 2008?

Why was the election of President Barack Obama historically significant?

What faces did the nation face as he entered office?

Foreign Policy of the Obama Presidency (2009 - 2017)

Why was the Obama administration reluctant to put troops on the ground in foreign disputes?

How did they choose to engage instead?

Describe the US ‘s role in Iraq post 2009:

Describe the US’s actions in Afghanistan under the Obama administration:

What caused some to ask if the US was done in the Middle East?

What was the Arab Spring?

What was President Obama criticized for after these events?

What is the Islamis State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS or ISIL) and how did they recruit members?

How did the US respond to this threat?

What agreement was made with Iran in 2015?

Why did the US Senate not ratify the Trans-Pacific Partnership?

Why did relations with China deteriorate at this time?

What Asian country posed the biggest threat to the US at this time?

12
What prompted a resurgence of nationalism in Europe?

Describe the events surrounding Crimea in Ukraine.

How did relations with Cuba change under the Obama administration?

Describe how/why cyber-attacks became a huge issue at this time:

Domestic Policy of the George W. Bush Years

What did George Bush Jr. push as part of his conservative agenda?

Who benefited from the Bush tax cuts and how did it impact the American economy?

What was the No Child Left Behind Act and what did it try to do?

Describe the causes of the economic crash of the early 2000s:

After the burst of the tech bubble, which bubble began to grow in the US?

How did Bush leave a lasting impact on the Supreme Court?

How did FEMA fail after the Hurricane Katrina crisis?

Dissatisfaction with what events allowed democrats to win congress in 2006?

What is securitization?

What happened when the housing bubble burst?

What other events accompanied the dip in housing prices during the Great Recession?

What was the Troubled Assets Relief Program?

Why was it criticized by liberals and conservatives?

Domestic Policy of the Obama Presidency

13
How did President Obama request the remaining TARP money be used?

Describe the following reforms passed to ease the Great Recession under the Obama Administration:
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act - Federal Reserve -

Auto Industry - Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer


Protection Act (2010) -

Consumer Protection Bureaus - RESULTS OF THESE:

What steps were taken by the Obama administration to positively impact the environment?

How did the Obama Administration impact education in America?

Describe healthcare in American prior to the Affordable Care Act:

What is the Affordable Healthcare Act and what did it aim to provide?

How many benefitted from this program?

Describe some of the other initiatives laid out under the Obama Administration:

What was the Tea Party movement and what did they focus on?

What was determined in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission?

What were the main issues in the election of 2012 and who won?

Describe the relationship between President and Congress during Obama’s first term;

What were some of the consequences of a failure to compromise?

What happened in the SC?

14
The Trump Presidency

Introduction -

❏ 2016 Election -

➔ Make American Great Again

➔ Election Controversy

❏ Trump Administration -

❏ Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts -

❏ Control of both houses of congress and the action taken -

❏ Federal Courts -

❏ Impeachment -

❏ Government Shutdown -

❏ Mueller Investigations -

❏ Ukraine -

❏ Impeachment -

❏ Decision:

❏ Accomplishments -

❏ Accomplishments -

❏ Criticisms -

❏ Removals -

❏ “America First” -

❏ Effect -

❏ United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement -

❏ Iran -

❏ 2020 Pandemic –

❏ Election of 2020

❏ Attack on capital and the Second Impeachment

❏ Biden’s Administration

15

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