Revision of Python Part – 2

(List, Tuple, Dictionary)

By:-
Amit Yerpude
PGT(Computer Science)
Kendriya Vidyalaya, Khagaria
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

List
• In Python, the list is a collection of items of different
data types.
• It is an ordered sequence of items.
• A list object contains one or more items, not necessarily
of the same type, which are separated by comma and
enclosed in square brackets [].
• Syntax:
list = [value1, value2, value3,...valueN]

• The following declares a list type variable.

>>> names=[“Amit", “Navdeep", “Babulal", “Amir"]
• A list can also contain elements of different types.
>>> orderItem=[101, “Amit", "Computer", 75.50, True]
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

An index starts with zero, as shown below.

>>> orderItem=[101, “Amit", "Computer", 75.50, True]

>>> orderItem[0]
101
>>> orderItem[1]
‘Amit'
>>> orderItem[2]
'Computer'
>>> orderItem[3]
75.50
>>> orderItem[4]
True

The list object is mutable. It is possible to modify its contents, which will modify
the value in the memory.

>>> orderItem[2]="Laptop“
>>> orderItem
[101, “Amit", “Laptop", 75.50, True]
List Operators Amit Yerpude, PGT CS,
KV Khagaria
4/9/2020

Operator Description Example

>>> L1=[1,2,3]
Returns a list containing all the elements of the first and the >>> L2=[4,5,6]
+ Concatenation
second list. >>> L1+L2
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> L1*4
* Repetition Concatenates multiple copies of the same list.
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
>>> L1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> L1[3]
Returns the item at the given index. A negative index counts
[] slice 4
the position from the right side.
>>> L1[-2]
5
>>> L1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Fetches items in the range specified by the two index >>> L1[1:4]
operands separated by : symbol. [2, 3, 4]
[ : ] - Range slice If the first operand is omitted, the range starts from the zero >>> L1[3:]
index. If the second operand is omitted, the range goes up to [4, 5, 6]
the end of the list. >>> L1[:3]
[1, 2, 3]
>>> L1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> 4 in L1
in Returns true if an item exists in the given list. True
>>> 10 in L1
False
>>> L1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> 5 not in L1
not in Returns true if an item does not exist in the given list. False
>>> 10 not in L1
True
Built-in List Methods Amit Yerpude, PGT CS,
KV Khagaria
4/9/2020

len() append()
The len() method returns the number of elements in the Adds an item at the end of the list.
list/tuple. >>> L2=['Python', 'Java', 'C++']
>>> L2.append('PHP')
>>> L1=[12,45,43,8,35]
>>> L2
>>> len(L1)
['Python', 'Java', 'C++', 'PHP']
5
insert()
max() Inserts an item in a list at the specified index.
The max() method returns the largest number, if the list >>> L2=['Python', 'Java', 'C++']
contains numbers. If the list contains strings, the one that >>> L2.insert(1,'Perl')
comes last in alphabetical order will be returned. >>> L2
>>> L1=[12,45,43,8,35] ['Python', 'Perl', 'Java', 'C++‘]
>>> max(L1) remove()
45 Removes a specified object from the list.
>>> L2=['Python', 'Java', 'C++'] >>> L2=['Python', 'Perl', 'Java', 'C++']
>>> max(L2) >>> L2.remove('Java')
'Python' >>> L2
min() ['Python', 'Perl', 'C++']
pop()
The min() method returns the smallest number, if the list Removes and returns the last object in the list.
contains numbers. If the list contains strings, the one that >>> L2=['Python', 'Perl', 'Java', 'C++']
comes first in alphabetical order will be returned. >>> L2.pop()
>>> L1=[12, 45, 43, 8, 35] 'C++'
>>> min(L1) >>> L2
8 ['Python', 'Perl', 'Java']
>>> L2=['Python', 'Java', 'C++'] reverse()
>>> min(L2) Reverses the order of the items in a list.
'C++’ >>> L2=['Python', 'Perl', 'Java', 'C++']
>>> L1=[1,'aa',12.22] >>> L2.reverse()
>>> max(L1) >>> L2
Traceback (most recent call last): ['C++', 'Java', 'Perl', 'Python']
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'str'
and 'int'
Built-in List Methods Amit Yerpude, PGT CS,
KV Khagaria
4/9/2020

sort()
Rearranges the items in the list according to the alphabetical order. Default is the ascending order. For
descending order, put reverse=True as an argument in the function bracket.
>>> L2=['Python', 'C++', 'Java', 'Ruby']
>>> L2.sort()
>>> L2
['C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Ruby']
>>> L2.sort(reverse=True)
>>> L2
['Ruby', 'Python', 'Java', 'C++']

list()

List Function is use to create list and Converts a tuple or string to a list object.
>>> t2=('python', 'java', 'C++')
>>> list(t2)
['python', 'java', 'C++']
>>> s1="Teacher“
>>> list(s1)
['T', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'r']

tuple()
Converts a list or string to a tuple object.
>>> L2=['C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Ruby']
>>> tuple(L2)
('C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Ruby')
>>> s1="Teacher“
>>> tuple(s1)
('T', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'r')
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020

Slicing a Python List KV Khagaria

When you want only a part of a Python list, you can use the slicing operator [].

>>> indices=['zero‘,'one‘,'two‘,'three‘,'four‘,'five']
>>> indices[2:4]
[‘two’, ‘three’]
This returns items from index 2 to index 4-1 (i.e., 3)
>>> indices[:4]
[‘zero’, ‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’]
This returns items from the beginning of the list to index 3.
>>> indices[4:]
[‘four’, ‘five’]
It returns items from index 4 to the end of the list in Python.
>>> indices[:]
[‘zero’, ‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’, ‘four’, ‘five’]
This returns the whole list.

Negative indices- A negative index means traversal from

the end of the list.
>>> indices[:-2]
[‘zero’, ‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’]
This returns item from the list’s beginning to two items from the end.
>>> indices[1:-2]
[‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’]
It returns items from the item at index 1 to two items from the end.
>>> indices[-2:-1]
[‘four’]
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

Tuple
•Python Tuples are like a list.
•It can hold a sequence of items.
•The difference is that it is immutable.
•Let’s learn the syntax to create a tuple in Python.
•To declare a Python tuple, you must type a list of
items separated by commas, inside parentheses.
Then assign it to a variable.
>>> percentages=(90,95,89)
Python Tuple Operations
Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

a. Membership
We can apply the ‘in’ and ‘not in’ operators on items. This tells us whether they belong to the
tuple.
>>> 'a' in tuple("string")
False
>>> 'x' not in tuple("string")
True

b. Concatenation
Like we’ve previously discussed on several occasions, concatenation is the act of joining. We
can join two
tuples using the concatenation operator ‘+’.
>>> (1,2,3)+(4,5,6)
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Other arithmetic operations do not apply on a tuple.

c. Logical
All the logical operators (like >,>=,..) can be applied on a tuple.
>>> (1,2,3)>(4,5,6)
False
>>> (1,2)==('1','2')
False
As is obvious, the ints 1 and aren’t equal to the strings ‘1’ and ‘2’. Likewise, it returns False.
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

Python - Dictionary
• Like the list and the tuple, dictionary is also a collection type.
• However, it is not an ordered sequence, and it contains key-value
pairs.
• One or more key:value pairs separated by commas are put inside
curly brackets to form a dictionary object.

• Syntax:
dict = { key1:value1, key2:value2,...keyN:valueN }

• The following declares a dictionary object.

>>> capitals={"USA":"Washington, D.C.", "France":"Paris",
"India":"New Delhi"}

In the above example, capitals is a dictionary object.

• The left side of : is a key and right side of : is a value.

• The key should be An immutable object. A number, string or tuple
can be used as key.
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

Accessing a Dictionary
• Dictionary is not an ordered collection, so a value cannot be
accessed using an index in square brackets.
• A value in a dictionary can be fetched using the associated key, using
the get() method.
• Specify the key in the get() method to retrieve its value.

• >>>capitals={"USA":"New York", "France":"Paris",

"Japan":"Tokyo", "India":"New Delhi"}
>>>capitals.get("France")
'Paris'
>>>points={"p1":(10,10), "p2":(20,20)}
>>>points.get("p2")
(20,20)
>>>numbers={1:"one", 2:"Two", 3:"three",4:"four"}
>>>numbers.get(2)
'Two'
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

Use the for loop to iterate a dictionary

• capitals={"USA":"Washington, D.C.", "France":"Paris", "Japan":"Tokyo",
"India":"New Delhi"}
for key in capitals:
print("Key = " + key + ", Value = " + capitals[key])

Output:

Key = 'USA', Value = 'Washington, D.C.‘

Key = 'France', Value = 'Paris‘
Key = 'Japan', Value = 'Tokyo‘
Key = 'India', Value = 'New Delhi'
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

Deleting Values from a Dictionary

• Use the del keyword to delete a pair from a dictionary or the dictionary
object itself.
• To delete a pair, use its key as parameter.
• To delete a dictionary object, use its name.

>>> captains={'England': 'Root', 'Australia': Paine', 'India': 'Virat', 'Srilanka':

'Jayasurya'}
>>> del captains['Srilanka']
>>> captains
{'England': 'Root', 'Australia': Paine', 'India': 'Virat'}
>>> del captains
>>> captains
NameError: name 'captains' is not defined
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

View Keys and Values

• The keys() and values() methods of Python dictionary class return a view object consisting
of keys and values respectively, used in the dictionary.

• >>> d1 = {'name': 'Amit', 'age': 21, 'marks': 60, 'course': 'Computer Engg'}
>>>d1.keys()
dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'marks', 'course'])

• The result of the keys() method is a view which can be stored as a list object. If a new key-
value pair is added, the view object is automatically updated.

• >>> keys=d1.keys()
>>> keys
dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'marks', 'course'])
>>>d1.update({"college":"IITB"})
>>> keys
dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'marks', 'course', 'college'])

• This is similar for the values() method.

• >>> d1= {'name': 'Amit', 'age': 21, 'marks': 60, 'course': 'Computer Engg'}
>>>values=d1.values()
dict_values(['Amit', 21, 60, 'Computer Engg'])
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

Multi-dimensional Dictionary

• Let's assume there are three dictionary objects, as below:

• >>> d1={"name":"Amit","age":25, "marks":60}
>>> d2={"name":"Anil","age":23, "marks":75}
>>> d3={"name":"Asha", "age":20, "marks":70}

• Let us assign roll numbers to these students and create a multi-

dimensional dictionary with roll number as key and the above dictionaries
at their value.

• >>> students={1:d1,2:d2,3:d3}
>>> students
{1: {'name': 'Amit', 'age': 25, 'marks': 60}, 2: {'name': 'Anil', 'age': 23,
'marks': 75}, 3: {'name': 'Asha', 'age': 20, 'marks': 70}}
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

Method Description
clear() Removes all the elements from the dictionary
copy() Returns a copy of the dictionary
fromkeys() Returns a dictionary with the specified keys and value
get() Returns the value of the specified key
Returns a list containing a tuple for each key value
items()
pair
keys() Returns a list containing the dictionary's keys
pop() Removes the element with the specified key
popitem() Removes the last inserted key-value pair
Returns the value of the specified key. If the key does
setdefault()
not exist: insert the key, with the specified value
Updates the dictionary with the specified key-value
update()
pairs
values() Returns a list of all the values in the dictionary
 Amit Yerpude, PGT CS, 4/9/2020
KV Khagaria

Thank you !!!