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Planning Reviewer

Urban planning, also known as regional or city planning, focuses on the development and design of land use and the built environment, aiming to enhance the health and quality of life in urban areas. Urban planners work with communities to identify goals and engage stakeholders, while the profession has evolved from a focus on comprehensiveness to participatory approaches in the 21st century. Contemporary planning emphasizes economic development and environmental protection, reflecting changing objectives and the influence of various planning theories.

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13 views

Planning Reviewer

Urban planning, also known as regional or city planning, focuses on the development and design of land use and the built environment, aiming to enhance the health and quality of life in urban areas. Urban planners work with communities to identify goals and engage stakeholders, while the profession has evolved from a focus on comprehensiveness to participatory approaches in the 21st century. Contemporary planning emphasizes economic development and environmental protection, reflecting changing objectives and the influence of various planning theories.

Uploaded by

xtynwhoco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLANNING 3

Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning

Urban planning
-also known as regional planning, town planning, city planning, or rural planning, is a
technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land
use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into
and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution
networks and their accessibility.
-is the profession that concerns itself with the health and quality of life of urban
places—cities and their suburbs, small towns, and rural villages.
-Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work and play in a given
area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas.

Urban Planner
-Given the diversity of our profession, urban planners do a great variety of things. “The
most important role for the planner is to work with the public to identify a community’s
goals, then help to marshal stakeholders—community organizations, developers, and
elected officials—to accomplish them”
-The planner’s special niche, however, concerns problems with a spatial (or
geographic) dimension. Almost all the work planners concern the idea of place.
-Planners also engage with community power structures to ensure the city develops in
ways that produce prosperity, sustainability, and social equity.
-Finally, planners communicate. Professional planners have no legal authority to put
their plans into effect.

History of Urban Planning


-Planning and architecture went through a paradigm shift at the turn of the 20th
century.
-At the beginning of the 20th century, urban planning began to be recognized as a
separate profession.
-In the second half of the 20th century, urban planners gradually shifted their focus to
individualism and diversity in urban centers.

21st Century Practices


Urban planners studying the effects of increasing congestion in urban areas began to
address the externalities, the negative impacts caused by induced demand from larger
highway systems in western countries such as in the United States.

Planning practices have incorporated policy changes to help address anthropocentric


global climate change.
Planning and Government
The place of the city-planning function in the structure of urban government developed
in different ways in different countries. In many countries today, private developers must
obtain governmental permission in order to build.

1.​ Competing Models


Starting in the 20th century, a number of urban planning theories came into
prominence and, depending on their popularity and longevity, influenced the
appearance and experience of the urban landscape. The primary goal of city planning
in the mid-20th century was comprehensiveness.

Developments in other disciplines, particularly management science and operations


research, influenced academic planners who sought to elaborate a universal
method—also known as “the rational model”
The modernist model, involving wholesale demolition and reconstruction under the
direction of planning officials isolated from public opinion, came under fierce attack
both intellectually and on the ground.

2.​ Contemporary Planning


The ways in which planning operated at the beginning of the 21st century did not
conform to a single model of either a replicable process or a desirable outcome.

Within Europe and the United States, calls for a participatory mode—one that involved
residents most likely to be affected by change in the planning process for their locales.

3.​ Changing Objectives


Although certain goals of planning, such as protection of the environment, remain
important, emphasis among the various objectives have changed. In particular,
economic development planning, especially in old cities that have suffered from the
decline of manufacturing, has come to the fore.

A late 20th-century movement in planning, variously called new urbanism, smart


growth, or neotraditionalism, has attracted popular attention through its alternative
views of suburban development.

4.​ New Pluralism


Universal principles regarding appropriate planning have increasingly broken down as
a consequence of several trends.

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