Building Code of The Philippines

Section 401. Types of Construction.

For purposes of this Code, all buildings proposed for construction shall be classified or
identified according to the following types:

(4) Type IV buildings shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction. Walls,
ceiling, and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fireresistive construction:
Except, that permanent non-bearing partitions of one-hour fire-resistive construction
may use fire-retardant treated wood within the framing assembly.
(5) Type V buildings shall be fire-resistive. The structural elements shall be of steel,
iron, concrete, or masonry construction. Walls, ceilings, and permanent partitions shall
be of incombustible fire-resistive construction.

Section 403. Requirements on Type of Construction.

Subject to the provisions of this Chapter, the Secretary shall prescribe standards for
each type of construction, and promulgate rules and regulations therefor, relating to
structural framework, exterior walls and openings, interior walls and enclosures, floors,
exists, and stairs construction, and roofs.

Section 701. Occupancy Classified.

(a) Buildings proposed for construction shall be identified according to their use or
the character of its occupancy and shall be classified as follows:
(1) Group A. Residential Dwellings Group A Occupancies shall be dwellings.
(2) Group B. Residentials, Hotels and Apartments Group B Occupancies shall be
multiple dwelling units including boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment
buildings, row houses, convents, monasteries, and other similar building each of
which accommodates more than ten persons.
(b) Other subgroupings or divisions within Groups A to J may be determined by
the Secretary. Any other occupancy not mentioned specifically in this Section, or about
which there is any question shall be included in the Group which it most nearly
resembles based on the existing or proposed life and fire hazard.
Section 702. Change in Use.
No change shall be made in the character of occupancy or use of any building which
would place the building in a different division of the same group of occupancy or in a
different group of occupancies, unless such building is made to comply with the
requirements of this code for such division or group of occupancy. The character of
occupancy of existing buildings may be changed subject to the approval of the Building
Official and the building may be occupied or purposes set forth in other Groups: Provided
the new or proposed use is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk, than the existing
use.

Section 708. Minimum Requirements for Group A Dwellings.

(a) Dwelling Location and Lot Occupancy. The dwelling shall occupy not more than
ninety percent of a corner lot and eighty percent of an inside lot, and subject to the
provisions on Easement on Light and View of the Civil Code of the Philippines, shall be at
least 2 meters from the property line.
(b) Light and Ventilation. Every dwelling shall be so constructed and arranged as to
provide adequate light and ventilation as provided under Section 805, of this Code.
(c) Sanitation. Every dwelling shall be provided with at least one sanitary toilet and
adequate washing and drainage facilities.
(d) Foundation. Footing shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the load of
the dwelling and shall be at least 250 millimeters thick and 600 millimeters below the
surface of the ground.
(e) Post. The dimensions of wooden post shall be those found in Table 708-A
Dimensions of Wooden Posts (Annex B-1). Each post shall be anchored to such footing
by strap and bolts of adequate size.
(f) Floor. The live load of the first floor shall be at least 200 kilograms per square
meter and for the second floor, at least 150 kilograms per square meter.
(g) Roof . The wind load for roofs shall be at least 120 kilograms per square meter for
vertical projection.
(h) Stairs. Stairs shall be at least 750 millimeters in clear width, with a rise of 200
millimeters and a minimum run of 200 millimeters.
(i) Entrance and Exit. There shall be at least one entrance and another one for exit.
(j) Electrical Requirements. All electrical installation shall conform to the
requirements of the Philippine Electrical Code.
 (k) Mechanical Requirements. Mechanical systems and/or equipment installation
shall be subject to the requirement of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code.
Section 709. Requirements for Other Group Occupancies.
Subject to the provisions of this Code, the Secretary shall promulgate rules and
regulations for each of the other Group Occupancies covering: allowable construction,
height, and area; location on property, exit facilities, light, ventilation, and sanitation;
enclosures of vertical openings; fire extinguishing systems; and special hazards.

Section 2006. Lighting.

Signs shall be illuminated only by electrical means in accordance with the Philippine
Electrical Code.
American Concrete Institute’s Building Code Requirements for
Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-83)

(l) Design criteria based on American Concrete Institutes (ACI), code 318-83, Building
Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, with the following assumptions:
a) 3,000 psi concrete.
b) Reinforcement located at or near center of wall/slab thickness.
c) Design live load on slabs of 150 lbs/ft2.
d) Loads on walls based on active soil pressure with coefficient ka=0.35. water table
at three feet below ground surface, and 1.0 feet of soil cover.
e) Walls designed for empty tank.
f) Safety factors of 1.7 for live loads and 1.4 for dead loads.
 MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION
Construction of buildings and other public or private structure is important and the
construction purpose.Construction materials are the most important factor in creating a
fine structure.
Most people take for granted and the building structure.They ignore the fact that these
structures are established and developed a little at a time.In fact,the small solid pieces
that makes up the order up from simple building mega structures.General belief is that
cheaper is always better to be disabled when it comes to building materials.Next,we will
discuss the role of building construction materials.
Building materials can range from simple bricks, cement and mosaic tools to be more
complex,such as safety equipment and tools. Raw materials are the bread and butter of
the building structure that you want. Therefore selecting a suitable supplier for the
structure is the basis of construction and one of the most decisions you need to do.The
problem with society is that people will want to loosen the quality to save costs.
In general, the supplier is responsible to make final distribution of building materials to
customers.Therefore they have the best taste of quality ingredients. Choosing a reliable
supplier and trusted to ensure that you get with high quality materials at affordable
prices. It is also important to note that the quality of materials inside the building cannot
be ignored if we want to build a structure that both physically and technically secure and
healthy.The structure is poorly designed and low quality of materials used is the main
reason for the decline sampoong department store in 1995,causing extensive damage
and loss of life.
A supplier of reliable and knowledgeable to know what you need to build your plan by
looking at their offer. Sometimes,building materials require some level of product
certification to ensure the materials are quality controlled. Product certification is not
mandatory at all but skilled providers know the material and distribute it. Some vendors
have built systems of quality products to ensure that the materials used in accordance
with building codes and legislation. The system includes ensuring that materials used
meet the minimum performance of building code. Choose a provider that synchronizes
well with your project can help ensure that materials are delivered on time.Construction
arrangement is seen as strong investment and the contractor or owner may not be able
to pay for unexpected delays or technical problems.In addition to the timely delivery of
materials from leading suppliers can also provide materials guaratees given by default.in
addition to raw materials such as bricks and tiles,safety equipment and tools are also
important for the development and building construction.Construction workers gave
their lives at risk when they scale tall buildings of brick or tiles.Scaffloding and take
advantage of an important part if construction work and help prevent unwanted
accidents happen.Safety equipment such as padding,protective helmets and clothing
help to protect workers form being injured during the construction
process.Together,they help provide a safety working environment for workers to put
basic building materials to build structures termination.
 CHAPTER III

COMPUTATION

DESIGN OF BEAM 1

Span = 4.2 m
For Factor of Dead Loads and Live Loads:
Wμ = 1.4DL + 1.7LLδ
Wμ = (1.4(30kN/m2) + 1.7(12.5kN/m2))(4.2 m)
Wμ = 265.65kN/m
For Ultimate Moment:
Mμ = wl2/8
Mμ = 265.65(4.2)2/8
Mμ = 585.76kN
Compute for p:
.18(20.7 MPa)
275.8Mpa
p=
P = .0155
Compute for “d” and “b”:
d = (1/10)*4.2*1000
d = 262.5 mm (say 265 mm)
b = 265.5/2
b = 131.25mm (say 135mm)
For Steel Requirements:
As = mu/fy(d-a/2)
As = 585.76/275.8(262.5-55.59/2)
As = 498.48 mm2
.0155  265  275.8
a= .185  20.7
a = 55.59 mm
Number of Bars:
n = as/113
n = 498.48/113
 n = 4.45 or 6 bars

DESIGN OF BEAM 2

Span = 3.95 m
For Factor of Dead Loads and Live Loads:
Wμ = 1.4DL + 1.7LLδ
Wμ = (1.4(30kN/m2) + 1.7(12.5kN/m2))(3.95 m)
Wμ = 249.84kN/m
For Ultimate Moment:
Mμ = wl2/8
Mμ = 249.84(4.2)2/8
Mμ = 487.26kN
Compute for p:
.18(20.7 MPa)
p = 275.8MPa
P = .0135
Compute for “d” and “b”:
d = (1/10)*3.95*1000

d = 246.88 mm (say 250 mm)

b = 246.88/2
b = 123.44 mm (say 125 mm)
For Steel Requirements:
As = mu/fy(d-a/2)
As = 487.26/275.8(246.88-55.28/2)
As = 389.98 mm2
.0155  250  275.8
a= .185  20.7
a = 52.28 mm
Number of Bars:

n = as/113

n = 389.98/113
n = 3.45 or 6 bars
DESIGN OF TIED COLUMN 1

For Ultimate Load:

Pμ = (1.4DL + 1.7LL)(Tr A)
Pμ = (1.4(30kN/m2) + 1.7(12.5kN/m2))(4.15 m)
Pμ = 262.33 kN
For Gross Cross-Sectional Area:
Pμ  1000
Ag = θ  29.81
 262.33  1000
Ag = 0.7  29.81
Ag = 15714.37 mm2
d = √Ag
d = √15714.37
d = 125.38 mm (say 150mm)
For Steel Area Requirements:
As = pbd
As = .02(150*150)
As = 450 mm2
n = As/113
n = 450/113
n = 3.98 (Say 4 pcs. of bar)
Spacing of Tier Wires (10mm ø bar):
a) Not more than 16*12mm ø = 160 mm
b) Not more than 48*10mm ø = 480 mm
c) Not more than the least dimension of column = 150mm
Use spacing of 10mm ø bar @ 150mm on centers.

DESIGN OF TIED COLUMN 2

For Ultimate Load:

Pμ = (1.4DL + 1.7LL)(Tr A)
Pμ = (1.4(30kN/m2) + 1.7(12.5kN/m2))(6.15 m)
Pμ = 388.51 kN
For Gross Cross-Sectional Area:
Pμ  1000
Ag = θ  29.81
388.51  1000
Ag = .7  29.81
Ag = 23273.18 mm2
 d = √Ag
d = √23273.18
= 152.56 mm (say 180mm)
d

For Steel Area Requirements:

As = pbd
As = .02(180*180)
As = 648 mm2
n = As/113
n = 648/113
n = 5.73 (Say 6 pcs. of bar)

Spacing of Tier Wires (10mm ø bar):

d) Not more than 16*12mm ø = 160 mm
e) Not more than 48*10mm ø = 480 mm
f) Not more than the least dimension of column = 180mm
Use spacing of 10mm ø bar @ 160mm on centers.

Design of Stairs

Riser = 250mm Thread = 200mm Live Load = 5.99kN/m2

fs = 345 MPa fc’ = 27.5 Mpa n=8
wt of slab = (s(√(r2 + t2)/28)*24
= 442.41 Kg/m2 (9.81/1000)
= 4.34 kN/m2
wt. Of threads and risers = t(r)(n)(2400)(100/2(100)^2nt
= 2.35 kN/m2
Total load = 3.83 + 4.34 + 2.35 = 10.52 kNm2

M = wL2/8
M = 10.52(4)2/8
M = 22.5 kN
Solving for R:
N=8 fc = fc’ = (0.45)(28) = 12.6
n
fs
n
k= fc'

8
345
8
k= 28
k = .394
j = 1-.394/3
j = .896

R = fckj/2
R = (12.6*.394*.896)/2
R = 2.16

M
d= Rb

26.186
2.16(1000)
d=
d = 110.1mm
Total Depth = 110.10 + 28 = 138.1 < 150mm (safe)
Use Total Depth = 150mm
d = 150 - 25 = 125mm

Computation of The Steel Requirements

M
As = fsjd
24.186 *10^ 6
As = 345(0.869)(125)
As = 698.74mm2
Try Using 12mmø bar:
A12 = πd2/4
A12 = (3.1416)(16)2/4
A12 = 113.1mm2
For Spacing of Bars:

π122/4S = 698.74

S = 161.81mm say 165mm

Use 12mm bars 165mm on centers

For Temperature Bars:

As = .002bt

As = .0002*1000*150

As = 3000mm2

Try Using 10mmø bar:

A12 = πd2/4

A12 = (3.1416)(10)2/4

A12 = 78.54mm2

For Spacing of Temperature Bars:

1000π(12)2/4S = 300

S = 261.81mm say 260mm

Use 10mm Bars 260mm on the Center