Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems

Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

𝟏
(use module in the above sheet instead of diametral pitch i.e. m = )
𝒑𝒅

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

• The length of action Z from the gear and pinion geometry:

where rp and rg are the pitch circle radii, and ap and ag the addenda of pinion and gear,
respectively. C is the center distance and φ is the pressure angle.
𝑍
• Contact Ratio in Spur Gear = 𝜋𝑚 cos ∅ Where, m is module and ∅ is the pressure angle.
• Relation between various gear load components:
The radial component Wr is Wr =Wt tan∅
and the resultant force W is

where Wt is tangential load acting on the gear tooth.

• AGMA bending strength equation:

Where, Wt is tangential load, b is face width, m is module, J is Bending Strength

Geometry Factor, Ka Km Kv Ks KB KI are application factor, load distribution factor,
dynamic factor, surface factor, rim thickness factor and Idler factor respectively.
The value of KI is 1.42 for Idler and 1 for gear and pinion.

KB is 1 for solid disk based gears.

Dynamic factor is given by:

where Vt is the pitch-line velocity of the gear mesh in m/s.

The factors A and B are given by:

For gears with Qv ≤ 5, a different equation is used:

Values of all other factors are provided in the following tables.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

Surface Stresses on Spur Gear

where Wt is the tangential force on the tooth, d the pitch diameter of the smaller of the two
gears in mesh, F the face width, and I is a dimensionless surface geometry factor for pitting
resistance. Cp is an elastic coefficient that accounts for differences in the gear and pinion
material constants. The factors Ca, Cm, Cv, and Cs are equal, respectively, to Ka, Km, Kv, and
Ks as defined for the bending stress equation.
Surface Geometry Factor I:

where ρp and ρg are the radii of curvature of the pinion and gear teeth, respectively, φ is the
pressure angle, and dp is the pitch diameter of the pinion. The ± sign accounts for external and
internal gearsets. Use the upper sign for external gearsets in all related expressions. The radii
of curvature of the teeth are calculated from the mesh geometry:

𝟏
(use module in the expression instead of diametral pitch m = )
𝒑𝒅

For standard, full-depth teeth, pinion addendum coefficient xp = 0. For 25%-long-addendum teeth, xp
= 0.25, etc.
Elastic Coefficient Cp :

where Ep and Eg are, respectively, the moduli of elasticity for pinion and gear, and νp and νg are their
respective Poisson’s ratios.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

Material Strengths

• Bending-Fatigue Strengths for Gear Materials

The AGMA bending-fatigue strength data are all stated at 1E7 cycles of repeated stress, and for a 99%
reliability level.
The correction formula for the bending-fatigue strength of gears is

where Sfb’ is the published AGMA bending-fatigue strength as defined above, Sfb is the corrected
strength, and the K factors are modifiers to account for various conditions.
Temperature Factor KT
For steel materials in oil temperatures up to about 250°F, KT can be set to 1. For higher temperatures,
KT can be estimated from

Reliability Factor:

• Surface-Fatigue Strengths for Gear Materials

The factors CT and CR are identical, respectively, to KT and KR and can be chosen as described in the
previous section. CL can be calculated from Figure 12-26.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

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.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

Page 8 of 14
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

Data for the Design of Helical Gears

The transverse pitch The axial pitch

The pressure angles in the two planes are related by

The components of force in a helical gear-mesh are

Radial Load

Axial Load

Resultant Load

Virtual Number of Teeth

This defines a virtual gear that is equivalent to a spur gear with Ne teeth thus giving a stronger tooth
in both bending and surface fatigue than a spur gear with the same physical number of teeth as the
helical gear.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

J Factor for Helical Gears (In all these tables Pressure angle  = t)

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Name: Design of Mechanical Systems
Course Code: 22MET352
Design Databook

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