Group 1-(6101-Shweta Lad,6103-Ojas Mahaddalkar,6104-Saket Mandavkar,6105-Prajwal Mane,

6107-Prabhat Mishra,6171-Om Patkar- Participated;6102-Bhavesh Limbare,6106-Ayush Mayekar-

Not Participated)
References:- www.geeksforgeeks.org , www.tutorialspoint.com , www.statmethods.net and R
Studio’s Help
Practical 1 – Basics Of R
 Data Input, Arithmetic Operators
 Vector Operations, Matrix Operations
 Data Frames, Built-in Functions
 Frequency Distribution, Grouped Frequency Distribution
 Diagrams and Graphs

# Data Input
# R program to illustrate
# taking input from the user
# taking input using readline()
# this command will prompt you
# to input a desired value
var <- readline();
# convert the inputted value to integer
var = as.integer(var);
# print the value
print(var)

# taking input with showing the message

var = readline(prompt = "Enter any number : ");
# convert the inputted value to an integer
var = as.integer(var);
# print the value
print(var)

# taking multiple inputs

# using braces
{
var1 = readline("Enter 1st number : ");
var2 = readline("Enter 2nd number : ");
var3 = readline("Enter 3rd number : ");
var4 = readline("Enter 4th number : ");
}
# converting each value
var1 = as.integer(var1);
var2 = as.integer(var2);
var3 = as.integer(var3);
var4 = as.integer(var4);
# print the sum of the 4 number
print(var1 + var2 + var3 + var4)

# taking string and character as input

# string input
var1 = readline(prompt = "Enter your name : ");
# character input
var2 = readline(prompt = "Enter any character : ");
# convert to character
var2 = as.character(var2)
# printing values
print(var1)
print(var2)

# taking input using scan()

x = scan()
# print the inputted values
print(x)

# R program to illustrate
# taking input from the user
# double input using scan()
d = scan(what = double())
# string input using 'scan()'
s = scan(what = " ")
# character input using 'scan()'
c = scan(what = character())
# print the inputted values
print(d) # double
print(s) # string
print(c) # character

# string file input using scan()

# To Run getwd()-get working directory
s = scan("fileString.txt" ,what = " ")
# double file input using scan()
d = scan("fileDouble.txt", what = double())
# character file input using scan()
c = scan("fileChar.txt", what = character())
# print the inputted values
print(s) # string
print(d) # double
print(c) # character

# Arithmetic Operators
# Addition(+) operator
# c function - combines element together
a <- c (1, 0.1)
b <- c (2.33, 4)
print (a+b)
# Subtraction(-) operator
a <- 6
b <- 8.4
print (a-b)
# Multiplication(*) operator
A=5
Z=34
print (A*Z)
# Division(/) operator
a <- 1
b <- 0
print (a/b)
# Power(^) operator
list1 <- c(2, 3)
list2 <- c(2,4)
print(list1^list2)
# Modulo Division(%%) operator
list1<- c(2, 3)
list2<-c(2,4)
print(list1%%list2)

# R program to illustrate
# the use of Arithmetic operators
vec1 <- c(0, 2)
vec2 <- c(2, 3)
# Performing operations on Operands
# cat function is used to print out the screen or to a file
cat ("Addition of vectors :", vec1 + vec2, "\n")
cat ("Subtraction of vectors :", vec1 - vec2, "\n")
cat ("Multiplication of vectors :", vec1 * vec2, "\n")
cat ("Division of vectors :", vec1 / vec2, "\n")
cat ("Modulo of vectors :", vec1 %% vec2, "\n")
cat ("Power operator :", vec1 ^ vec2)

# Vector Operations
# indexing starts from 1
# Creating a vector
# Use of 'c' function
# to combine the values as a vector.
# by default the type will be double
X <- c(1, 4, 5, 2, 6, 7)
print('using c function')
print(X)
# using the seq() function to generate
# a sequence of continuous values
# with different step-size and length.
# length.out defines the length of vector.
Y <- seq(0, 10, length.out = 5)
print('using seq() function')
print(Y)
# using ':' operator to create
# a vector of continuous values.
Z <- 5:10
print('using colon')
print(Z)
# Accessing an element in vector
# Accessing elements using the position number.
X <- c(2, 8, 1, 2, 5)
print('using Subscript operator')
print(X[4])
# Accessing specific values by passing
# a vector inside another vector.
Y <- c(4, 5, 2, 1, 7)
print('using c function')
print(Y[c(4, 1)])
# Logical indexing
Z <- c(5, 2, 1, 4, 4, 3)
print('Logical indexing')
Z[Z<4]
# Modifying a vector
# Creating a vector
X <- c(2, 5, 1, 7, 8, 2)
# modify a specific element
X[3] <- 11
print('Using subscript operator')
print(X)
# Modify using different logics.
X[X>4] <- 0
print('Logical indexing')
print(X)
# Modify by specifying the position or elements.
X <- X[c(5, 2, 1)]
print('using c function')
print(X)
# Deleting a vector
# Creating a vector
X <- c(5, 2, 1, 6)
# Deleting a vector
X <- NULL
print('Deleted vector')
print(X)

# Arithmetic Operations on Vector

# Creating Vectors
X <- c(5, 2, 5, 1, 51, 2)
Y <- c(7, 9, 1, 5, 2, 1)
# Addition
A <- X + Y
print('Addition')
print(A)
# Subtraction
S <- X - Y
print('Subtraction')
print(S)
# Multiplication
M <- X * Y
print('Multiplication')
print(M)
# Division
D <- X / Y
print('Division')
print(D)
# Sorting a Vector
# Creating a Vector
X <- c(5, 2, 5, 1, 51, 2)
# Sort in ascending order
A <- sort(X,)
print('sorting done in ascending order')
print(A)
# sort in descending order.
B <- sort(X, decreasing = TRUE)
print('sorting done in descending order')
print(B)

# Matrix Operations
# Creating a matrix
A= matrix (data=c(1,2,3,4,5,6),nrow=2,ncol=3)
print(A)
A= matrix (data=1:6,inrow=2,ncol=3)
print(A)
# Accessing a matrix
# accessing (2,3) element of A
print(A[2,3])
# accessing 2nd row of A
print(A[2,])
# accessing 3rd column of A
print(A[ ,3])

# R program for matrix addition

# using '+' operator
# Creating 1st Matrix
B = matrix(c(1, 2 + 3, 5.4, 3, 4, 5), nrow = 2, ncol = 3)
# Creating 2nd Matrix
C = matrix(c(2, 0i, 0.1, 3, 4, 5), nrow = 2, ncol = 3)
# Printing the resultant matrix
print(B + C)

# R program for matrix subtraction

# using '-' operator
# Creating 1st Matrix
B = matrix(c(1, 2 + 3i, 5.4, 3, 4, 5), nrow = 2, ncol = 3)
# Creating 2nd Matrix
C = matrix(c(2, 0i, 0.1, 3, 4, 5), nrow = 2, ncol = 3)
# Printing the resultant matrix
print(B - C)

# R program for matrix multiplication

# using '*' operator
# Creating 1st Matrix
B = matrix(c(1, 2 + 3i, 5.4), nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
# Creating 2nd Matrix
C = matrix(c(2, 1i, 0.1), nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
# Printing the resultant matrix
print (B * C)

# R program for matrix division

# using '/' operator
# Creating 1st Matrix
B = matrix(c(4, 6i, -1), nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
# Creating 2nd Matrix
C = matrix(c(2, 2i, 0), nrow = 1, ncol = 3)
# Printing the resultant matrix
print(B / C)

# Built-in Functions
# Find sum of numbers 4 to 6.
print(sum(4:6))
# Find max of numbers 4 and 6.
print(max(4:6))
# Find min of numbers 4 and 6.
print(min(4:6))
# Find mean of numbers in x
x=c(1,2,3,4,5)
mean(x)
# Find standard deviation of numbers in y
y=c(2,4,6,8,10)
sd(y)
# Find median of numbers in z
z=c(1,3,5,7,9)
median(z)
# Find range of numbers in a
a=c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
range(a)
# Find repetition of (1,2,3) 5times
y=rep(c(1,2,3),5)
print(y)

# Data Frames
# SALARY DATAFRAME
# Create the data frame.
emp.data <- data.frame(
emp_id = c (1:5),
emp_name = c("Rick","Dan","Michelle","Ryan","Gary"),
salary = c(623.3,515.2,611.0,729.0,843.25),
start_date = as.Date(c("2012-01-01", "2013-09-23", "2014-11-15", "2014-05-11",
"2015-03-27")),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
#Print the data frame.
print(emp.data)

# MARKS DATAFRAME
x=c(50,60,70)
#marks in maths
y=c(70,50,40)
#marks in science
z=c(60,40,20)
#marks in marathi
marksheet=data.frame("maths"=x,"science"=y,"marathi"=z)
marksheet

# FRIENDS DATA FRAME

# creating a data frame
friend.data <- data.frame(
friend_id = c(1:5),
friend_name = c("Sachin", "Sourav",
"Dravid", "Sehwag",
"Dhoni"),stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
# print the data frame
print(friend.data)

# Frequency Distribution
Install.Package("plyr")("dataset")("count")("datatable")
x=c(2,3,4,5,6,7,2,4,2,7,5)
table(x)

# creating a dataframe
library(data.table)
data_table <- data.table(col1 = sample(6 : 9, 9 ,
replace = TRUE),

col2 = letters[1 : 3],

col3 = c(1, 4, 1, 2, 2,
2, 1, 2, 2))

print (data_table)

freq <- table(data_table$col1)

print ("Modified Frequency Table")

print (freq)

print ("Cumulative Frequency Table")

print (cumsum)

print ("Relative Frequency Table")

(prob)

#barplot for frequency distribution

dataset <- c("a","a","b","c","d","a","b","c","b","a")

dataset
library(plyr)
y <- count(dataset)
y
class(y)
barplot(Y)
y$freq
y$x
barplot(y$freq)
barplot(y$freq,names.arg = y$x,main ="frequence table of grades",col =
c("red","blue","green","yellow"))
n <- sum(y$freq)
n
rf <- y$freq/n
rf
barplot(rf,names.arg = y$x,main ="frequence table of grades",col = c("red","blue","green","yellow"))

# Diagrams and Graphs

#Pie Chart
# Data for the graph.
x = c(21, 62, 10,53)
labels = c("London","New York","Singapore","Mumbai")
# Formula to Calculate Percentage.
piepercent = round(100*x/sum(x), 1)
# Plot the chart.
# Pie Chart Plot.
pie(x, labels = piepercent, main = "City pie chart",col = rainbow(length(x)))
# Legend Plot
legend("topright", c("London","New York","Singapore","Mumbai"),cex = 1.2, fill =
rainbow(length(x)))

#Bar Graph
# Create the input vectors.
colors = c("green","orange","brown")
months <- c("Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul")
regions <- c("East","West","North")
# Create the matrix of the values.
Values <- matrix(c(2,9,3,11,9,4,8,7,3,12,5,2,8,10,11), nrow = 3, ncol = 5, byrow = TRUE)
# Create the bar chart
barplot(Values, main = "total revenue", names.arg = months, xlab = "month", ylab = "revenue", col =
colors)
# Add the legend to the chart
legend("topleft", regions, cex = 1.3, fill = colors))