PIPE Day 6

Fluid Machinery

08/10/2024
Prepared By: Engr. Mark John F. Tangalin, RME
 Fluid Machinery
•A l1u«l mnc&zwn isu dc›1w æùù:h csntwts tIx• In a l1uñJ intu
m•ækani•asl «vcrgΓ ‹w tŸf«• tt•rm “l'lx «æzyj‘ hÿ'u !1uiü fnaxx uppuam inkc
f•›nn ‹›f ¿x›Rvñial. kiiwtie azxl irdcrm‹›IcvCæ cvxrg¿. Tlw n›«chani«nl cnczg¿, a3n
lx ottw Mrxt is u«æ!I transmsttcü h›”u mat stæfi
Pumps Theory
 PROBLEM 1

A fuel pump is delivering 10 gallons per minute of oil

witha specific gravityof0.83. The total head is 9.14m,
find how much energy does the pump consumes inkJ
perhour.
A. 169 C. 189
B. 199 D. 179
PROBLEM 1
 Pumps Theory

\t”t›«» g JI*
* “*."'*
attd A = y d'
” r
« °,)
d
H hp+ h,+ h,+ h/ „„

*£ ->(-) lq*•<I beIo• ceetertae4 tM Pvmp(twtan kt)

.1ctuaI Poxxcr (Pot‹vr input or Br1c pot»-r)
 Pumps Theory
h$

2gd ” ^a
Use Dsrcș (ifnot staCcd)
 PROBLEM 2

A pump lifts water ata rate of 283 liters per second

froma lake and force intoa tank8 m above the level
of the water ata pressure of 137 kPa. What is the
power required in kW?
A. 71 C. 61
B. 41 D. 51
 A pump lifts water ata rate of 283 liters per second
froma lake and force intoa tank8 m above the level
PROBLEM 2 of the water ata pressure of 137 kPa. What is the
power required in kW?
 PROBLEM 3

A pump witha 400 mm diameter suction pipe anda

350 mm diameter discharge pipe is to deliver 20,000
liters per minute of 15.6OC water. Calculate the pump
head in meters if suction gage is 7.5 cm below the
pump centerline and reads 127 mm Hg vacuum and
discharges gage is 45 cm above the pump center line
and reads 75 kPa.
A. 15 m C. 20 m
B.5 m D. 10 m
 A pump witha 400 mm dilimeter suction plpe anda
350 mm diameter discharge pipe is to deliver 20,000
PROBLEM 3 liters per minute of 15.6°C water. Calculate the pump
head in meters if suction gage is 7.5 cm below the
pump centerline and reads 127 mm Hg vacuum and
discharges gage is 45 cm above the pump center line
and reads 75 kPa.
› ..
+
#-

"< m J" ' ji. i“i >.. ' ’’‘' '*-

 Water from an open reservoir A at8 m elevation is
PROBLEM 4 drawn bya motor-driven pump toanopen reservoirB
at 70 m elevation. The inside diameter of the suction
pipe is 200 and 150 for the discharge pipe.
The suction line has a loss of head three times that of
the velocity head in the 200mm pipe. The discharge
line has a loss of head 20 times that of the velocity
head of thedischarge pipeline. The pump centerline is
4m. Overall efficiency of the system is 78%. Fora
discharge rate of 10 li/s, find the power input to the
motor.
A. 10.06 kW C. 6.12 kW
B. 4.80 kW D. 7.85 kW
 PROBLEM 4

head of thedischarge pipeline. The pump centerline is

4m. Overall efficiency of the system is 78%. Fora
discharge rate of 10 li/s, find the power input to the
motor.
1 i ‹›i ›‹›L \\
ti .:.x›•I x\ ’’› • ”“ ’—’
t ‹•I * I.\\
I***’I' ^ .**k \\
.
 Pumps Theory
Affinity or Similsrity Laws

lt pcdico thepcrfomancc ofa giten mœhiiw undcr di4crcnt

conditions of opcætiœ from thoœ undcr «hich ii has bocn tcstod.
Note tha thcc æo seo of affinité laiis,

1. AfÛlnitJ’ lass's fora spŒifÑ ccntrifu@dl pump

Pumps Theøry
Theory

(°)'(,)
 PROBLEM 5

A centrifugal pump operating at 1150 rpm showeda

total head of 40 ft ata capacity of 600 gpm. The
impeller diameter is 10.5 in. Estimate the total head
and capacity ofa geometrically similar pump at ll50
rpm with an impeller diameter of 10 inches.
A. 30.25 ft, 518.3 gpm
B. 36.28 ft, 518.3 gpm
C. 36.28 ft, 618.3 gpm
D. 30.25 ft, 618.3 gpm
 A centrifugal pump operating at 1150 rpm showeda
PROBLEM 5 total head of 40h ata capacity of 600 gpm. The
impeller diameter is 10.5 in. Estimate the total head
and capacity ofa geometrically similar pump at 1150
rpm with an impeller diameter of 10 inches.
A .30.2Sß. SI&1 yyrit
h, .Y».2s A, SIß,3
*t
D- .40.23 fi, 6lä.J
 PROBLEM 6

A test on centrifugal pump operating at 1150 rpm

showeda total head of37.6 ft ata capacity of 800 gpm.
Estimate the total head and capacity ofa geometrically
similar pump at 1750 rpm. Assume the normal
operation at point of maximum efficiency in each case.
A. 87.07 ft, 1217.4 gpm
B. 87.07 ft, 1517.4 gpm
C. 97.07 ft, 1217.4 gpm
D. 97.07 ft, 1517.4 gpm
 A test on centriŁgal pump operating at 1150 rpm
showeda total head of37.6 ft ata capacity of 800 gpm.
PROBLEM 6
Estimate the total head and capacity ofa geomeCically
similar pump at 1750 rpm. Assume the normal
operation atpoint of maximum efficiency in each case.

X/ ‹›? I\.I û I 7.4 yț›tit

H7.‹)7 l\.I ñl 7.-1 șț›in
£‘ */7 ‹›7 lï,I ñl7 J șț›itt
IJ ‘.›? iì7 l\. I5l 7.4 șyfri
 PROBLEM 7
A 30 hp centrifugal pump is used to deliver 70 cfm
water. Calculate the number of stages needed if each
impeller developsa 38 ft head.
A.4 C.8
B.6 D. 10
 A 30 hp centrifugal pump is used to deliver 70 cfm
PROBLEM 7 water. Calculate the number of stages needed if each
impeller developsa 38 ft head.
 PROBLEM 8
A centrifugal pump discharged 20 L/s againsta head
of 17 m when thespeed is 1500 rpm. The diameter of
the impeller was 30 cm and the brake horsepower was
6.0. A geometrically similar pump 40 cm indiameter
is to wn at 1750 rpm. Assuming equal efficiencies,
what brake horsepower is required?
A. 40.15 hp C. 50.52 hp
B. 30.21 hp D. 20.26hp
 A centrifugal pump discharged 20 L/s againsta head
PROBLEM 8 of 17 m when thespeed is 1500 rpm. The diameter of
the impeller was 30 cm and the brake horsepower was
6.0. A geometrically similar pump 40cm indiameter
is to run at 1750 rpm. Assuming equal efficiencies,
what brake horsepower is required?
.“+ , \:.
z. » L+/ € ,
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r" • "‘
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),› ”1t1 i , F* |°
 Pumps Theory

lfdcmiș is Țscn.

HCP
 In order to predict the behavior ofa small oil pump,
tests are to be made ona model using air. The pump is
PROBLEM 9 to be driven bya 1/20-hp motor at 1800 rpm anda '/4-
hp motor is available to drive the air at 600 rpm. Using
specific gravity of oil at 0.912 and density of air
constant at 0.076 lb/ ft3, what size model should be
built?
A. The model should be2 times as large as the oil
pump.
B. The model should be5 times as large as the oil
pump.
C. The model should be8 times as large as the oil
pump.
D. The model should be 10 times as large as the oil
pump.
 PROBLEM 9
d,
d‹

Q * P

Øe
 Pumps Theory

Iî ›= dw «țxk«J :it \\&cl1 «I gc›nicMi:‹ilI\’ .«lłxtĞr Icty«lkw i›l”u ptunp *\‹›ti]ü

nx› t‹› diæ1 c I ›ix ntI !\ 1ød

l'tv .'il uni s

Q —- gpm
 PROBLEM 10

Pump at is best efficiency point (BEP) hasa capacity

of 10,500 gpm while developinga head of 60 ft ata
rotative speed of 1450 rpm. What is the specific speed
of the pump?
A. 7221 rpm C. 6892 rpm
B. 5205 rpm D. 6442 rpm
PROBLEM 10
 PROBLEM 11

A single suction centrifugal pump delivers3 m3/s of

water ata head of 15m and running at 1200 rpm.
Calculate the specific speed of the pump.
A. 14,000 rpm C. 16,000 rpm
B. 15,000 rpm D. 17,000 rpm
PROBLEM 11
 PROBLEM 12

It is desired to deliver5 m3/s ata head of 640 m ina

single stage pump having a specific speed not to
exceed 40. Ifthespeed is not to exceed 1352 rpm, how
many stages are required?
A.3 C.5
B.4 D.2
 It is desired to deliver5 m3/s ata head of 640 m ina
single stage pump having a specific speed not to
PROBLEM 12 exceed 40.Ifthespeed is not to exceed 1352 rpm, how
many stages are required?
 PROBLEM 13

A double suction, two stage centrifugal pump delivers

20 ft3/s of water ata head of 12 m and mnning at 650
rpm. What is the specific speed of the pump?
A. 5220rpm C. 4660rpm
B. 2420rpm D. 52l0rpm
PROBLEM
13
 Fans
Fans&& Blowers Theory

lsa machinc usod tonppI¿ jniu'cr toa t;as to incr«asc i‹s cncrg¿
con¥nl lLn‹sb›,’ causing it O fiott or mo‹c.

Blower
lsa fan uscd to l'otcc air undcr ¡»cssure, that iz the rcsiaalcc to
gai flou is impæcd pümarib upœi thediœhargc.

Exhauster
lsa fan uæd to »ithdra\‹ air undcr sucttcm. that is. kc rcsistawc
togas flou‘ is imposcd primaril¡’ upon the inlet
 Fans
Fans&& Blowers Theory

A • *N*
Where: = Av and A -—) d* •(‹ —- ^,)
 Fans
Fans&& Blowers Theory

Basic Formula: H +
SiaiicHead• *s ‹Giren most of the timcl
hp --h p,qq$q,.gq h qq ;qq
hcíghl in HzO -• hcíghl in aít’ !!water air

Vclocit¿’ Hcad. h,
h — ”“*"*’’
z» IÉ ¥s jS hOt jjjt Clt CgS¢sIt1C yy = É/
*"
 Fans
Fans&& Blowers Theory

Constnnt Used in Fans and Boo'er

lLnsin tݴ xsalp

ik•rrüt¿’ ‹›t“at Ë"I1't fitxrx1xrd "Lcinjxtættac l1c«ozr«k ça„

@ P —- 101.325 kPe as›üT —- 21”C

R«» 1.2kg/zn’
p„, 0.075 iô//t"

Sol‹’c densitéofair ifconditions am NOT STP: p jy — RT

 Fans
Fans&& Blowers Theory

.%utiv-ČwF-t3šc-i*-r«j,e,

e,
 Fans
Fans&& Blowers Theory
SHORTCUT FORMULAS: FANS AND BLOSVERS

(^2°) -• £HGLfSd units

In
 PROBLEM 14
What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 Qm
througha 2 x3 ft duct under pressure of3 in. water
gage?
A. 0.786 hp C. 0.642 hp
B. 0.741 hp D. 0.0566 hp
PROBLEM
14
 PROBLEM 15
Air is flowing ina duct with velocity of 7.62 mls and
a static pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct
diameter is 1.22 m, the baromeYic pressure 99.4 kPa
and the gauge fluid temperature and air temperature
are 30OC. What is the total pressure of air against
which thefanwill operate in cm of water?
A. 3.25 C. 3.75
B. 2.50 D. 1.25
 Air is flowing ina duct with velocity of 7.62 mls and
a static pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct

PROBLEM 15
diameter is 1.22 m, the barometric pressure 99.4 kPa
and the gauge fluid temperature and air temperature
are 30°C. What is the total pressure of air against
which thefanwill operate in cm of water?
 PROBLEM 16
A fan draws 1.42 m3/s ofair ata static pressure of 2.54
cm of water througha duct of 275 mm diameter.
Determine the static fan efficiency if the total fan
mechanical efficiency is 70% and air is measured at
25°C and 760 mm Hg.
A. 60% C. 30%
B. 50% D. 40%
PROBLEM 16
 Fans
Fans&& Blowers Theory

lftcniJmnturc ia ğwa iziæcŁ ofdensițy,

 PROBLEM 17
A certain fan delivers 12,000 cfm ata static pressure
of1 in. WG when operating ata speed of 400 rpm and
requires an input of4 hp. If the same installation
15,000 cfm are desired, what will be the new speed,
and the new power needs?
A. 450 rpm, 6.81 hp C. 500 rpm, 6.81 hp
B. 500 rpm, 7.81 hp D. 450 rpm, 7.80 hp
PROBLEM 17
 PROBLEM 18
A fan described ina manufacturer's table is rated to
deliver 500 m3/min ata static pressure gage of 254 cm
of water when running at 250 rpm and requiring 3.6
kW. Ifthe fan speed is changed to305 rpm and theair
handled where at65°C instead of standard 21OC, find
the power inkW.
A. 3.82 C. 4.66
B. 5.08 D. 5.68
PROBLEM 18
 Compressor Theory

Compmssors
- 1sa machine uxd to inccasc the prcnuc ofa gzsb¡
dccmasing its t'oIumc.

PU* C lxentropic f“oinpi ession

Pol¿troyic Compassion

lsotheriiial f?onipmssion
Compressor Theory
Compressor Theory
 Compressor Theory

P,I’ end T Rdations:

For lsothcrmzl For Polș tropic

For lscntropic
n —+k = I.4
Compressor Theory

lmthemial C‹anprc sion

K*, —— #,P¿ In )

/'
n -I

"Ur l• «itTtyftu" £iomprc«î5tDn

x = k = 1.4
 PROBLEM 19
Air taken from the atmosphere at 100 kPa 21°C is
delivered to the air receiver at 690 kPa l50°C by
means of water jacketed reciprocating compressor.
The compressor has rated capacity of 0.15 m3/s free
air. Determine thepower required to compress theair.
A.54.94 kW C. 34.94 kW
B. 44.94 kW D. 24.94 kW
 Air taken from the atmosphere at 100 kPa 21°C is
delivered to the air receiver at 690 kPa l50OC by
PROBLEM 19 means of water jacketed reciprocating compressor.
The compressor has rated capacity of 0.15 m3/s free
air. Determine thepower required to compress theair.
 PROBLEM 20
A single stage compressor handles 0.454 m3/s of
atmospheric pressure, 27°C air, and delivers it to a
receiver at 652.75 kPa. It's volumetric efficiency is
0.72, it's compression efficiency on an isothermal
basis is 0.85 and it's mechanical efficiency is 0.90. If
it rotates at 350 rpm, what power inkW is required to
drive it?
A. 95 C. 120
B. 112 D. 100
PROBLEM 20

it rotates at 350 rpm, what power inkW is required to

drive it?
 Compressor Theory

SINGLX STACE €:O5JPRESSOR

v«i«mctric Efficicnc‹. eg
› ” -
e, (j- 1 + c - c( )°

Piston Sjxcd.r
v 21n (n re»’fs)

\$'ort: of due Compressor. F,

 PROBLEM 21
A single acting air compressor has a volumetric
efficiency of 87% operates at 500 rpm. It takes in air
at 100 kPa and 30OC and discharges it at 600 kPa. The
air is handled is 6 m3/min measured at discharge
condition. If compression is isentropic, find the mean
effective pressure in kPa.
A. 203.59 kPa C. 303.59 kPa
B. 253.64 kPa D. 353.64 kPa
PROBLEM 21
 Compressor Theory

TWO STAGE CO$IPflESSOR

n-.
v ,° r, (ÿ) ° -i
For idc‹al condition:
**’zn« ”’1 sc

2›i
 Compressor
Compressor Theory
=

TWO STAGE COM PRESSOR

P P

savings W3 ‫ ?־‬wastage
 Compressor Theory

TWO STAGE COMPRESSOR

 PROBLEM 22
An air compressor is to compress 8.5 m3/min from
98.56 Wa to 985.6 kPa. Assuming ideal conditions,
and with n = 1.3, what will be the saving in work due
totwo staging?
A. 4.6 LW C. 1.2 kW
B. 5.6 kW D. 3.5 kW
 An air compressor is to compress 8.5 m3/min from
PROBLEM 22 98.56 kPa to 985.6 kPa. Assuming ideal conditions,
and with n = 1.3, what will be the saving in work due
totwo staging?
4.6 kW
s-6fiw
IJ kW
D. 15 kW
 PROBLEM 23
A two-stage compressor receives 0.ó5 kg/s of air at
100 kPa and 269 K and delivers it at 5000 kPa. Find
theheat transferred in the intercooler
A. 70.49 kW C. 90.49 kW
B. 80.49 kW D. 100.49 kW
PROBLEM
23

¢?. 4ž.49kW T
f3. IŒ 49 kW "ØĄ§ț °

x ąo1. it kğø
 Compressor Theory

THREE ST#CE CO1JPRESSOR

Foridc.al condiiion
 Compressor Theory

Hcœ Reÿ:cted in tlw2 lrdcrœôlm. Qp

Qp Qp lFcr l4ælCoiuüti‹»ai
 Compressor Theory

Multi Stcgc Coæpzessor(S-uagc Comprvasor)

ToIaC l4æt
 PROBLEM 24
An ideal three stage air compressor without clearance
takes in air at 100 kPa witha temperature of l6degC
and delivered it at 413 kPa after isentropic
compression. What is the work done by the 3stage
compressor inkJ/kg?
 An ideal three stage air compressor without clearance
takes in air at 100 kPa witha temperature of l6degC
PROBLEM 24
and delivered it at 413 kPa after isentropic
compression. What is the work done by the 3stage
compressor inkJ/kg?
 Compressor Theory

Multi Stsge Coæpzessor (S-uagc Compressor)

xtage y’ Ł'Ł ;;) ’"

PROBLEM 24
 PROBLEM 25
A 3-stage air compressor compresses air from 100 kPa
to 1000 kPa. Find theintercooler pressure between the
1st and 2nd stage. Also, determine the intercooler
pressure between2nd and 3rd stage.
 A 3-stage air compressor compresses air from 100 kPa
to 1000 kPa. Find theintercooler pressure between the
PROBLEM 25 1st and 2nd stage. Also, determine the intercooler
q pressure between2nd and3rd stage.
 A 3-stage air compressor compresses air from 100 kPa
to 1000 kPa. Find theintercooler pressure between the
PROBLEM 25 1st and 2nd stage. Also, determine the intercooler
pressure between2nd and3rd stage.

‹:xi.‹:‹iiaa‹›R’rr.c. xigiir. in’r«R«x›‹.r:e

'

L.
CONSTANTS
CO STA TS AND
CONVERSIONS
RSI
 LENGTH
NGTH
CONVERSIONS
CONVE

1 mile = 5280 ft
1 nautical mile - 6080.2 ft
1 nautical mile = 1.152 miles
1 meter =l0l0Anpstroin
1 inch EXCLUSIVE
=ENGINEERING
2.54 cm
ONLY TO ES MECHANICAL
REVIEW MEMBERS
83

1 m - 3.28 ft
1 cm =104microns
 VOLUME
VO E
CONVERSIONS
CONVE
1 m3 = 1000 liters
1 gallon (gal) = 3. 7854L
1 ,/i3 = 7.481 pm
1 gallon 4 quartz (qt)
1 qt 2 pints
1 bb1 (barrel) 42 gal
EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO ES MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING REVIEW MEMBERS
84

1 drum 1 dr 55 gal
1 cavan = 25 gantas
MASS AND
AND WEIGHT/FORCE CONVERSIONS

= (other symbol forpound)

1 lbs—— lbf
1 lbf 4.449 N = 32.174 poundals =1 slug — ft/s2
Ibn-ft
1 poundal =1
s2
1 kilopond =1 kilogram
1 pond =1 gram
1 ton=1 English ton =1 short ton = 2000 lbm = 907.03kg
1EXCLUSIVE
tonne ONLY= 1000
TO ES kg =1 Metric ton = 2205
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING REVIEW MEMBERS
85 lb
1 long ton = 2240 lb
1 slug =1 English slug = 32.174 lbm
1 hyl =1 metric slug = 1.055 slug(English)
ENERGY AND POWER CONVERSIONS
N RGY AND CONVE ONS

1 BTU = 252 calories

1 hp = 2545 BTU/hr
1 hp = 42.4 BTU/min 1 kJ 1 kPa —m3
1 kW = 3412.2 BTU/hr 1J 1 N—m =1 W —s
1 hp = 746 Watts 1J 1 Volt — Coulomb
1 chu = 1.8BTU 1 erg =1 dyne — cm
1 eV (electron volt) = 1.602 x10**’W-s (const 23)
1 Joule = 107 erps 1 Therm = 100,000 BTU
1 cal = 4.187 Joules
1 kcal = 4.187 kJ
1 hp =EXCLUSIVE
550 ONLY
ENGINEERING
S
TO ES MECHANICAL
REVIEW MEMBERS
f -lb
1 hp = 33000
t lb 56Jo le
1k h 600k
 TIME CONVERSIONS
CONVE ONS
1 minute = 60 seconds
11 hr
hr = 60 minutes
11 DECADE = = 10
10YEARS
YEARS
11 hr = 3600 seconds 11 SCORE == 20
20YEARS
YEARS
1 day = 24 hrs 11 SILVER = 25 YEARS
1 month = 30 days 11 GOLDEN = = 50
50YEARS
YEARS
11 DIAMOND = = 75
75YEARS
YEARS
1 year = 365 days
11 CENTURY = = 100
100YEARS
YEARS
1 leap year = 366 days 11 MILLENIUM = 10001000 YEARS
1 year = 8760 hours
PR
PRESSURE CONVERSIONS
CONVERSIO
1 atm = 14.Y pai \-)*[[-,)
1 atm= 29.921 in Hg {inches mercury}
1 ata = 10.33m62O(meters of Rater)
1 atm = 1.01325 bar
1 ata = 101.325 kPa
1 atm = 760 aa Hg( am o£ mercury)
1 atm = 7bO torr

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO ES MECHANICAL

88
ENGINEERING REVIEW MEMBERS
 CONVE ONS
HORSEPOWER CONVERSIONS

HORSEPOWER (ENGLISH)
1 Metric HP = 75 kgs —
11 HP
HP = 550
550 ft-Ibf/s
ft-lbf/s
11 HP
HP == 33,
33, 000
000 ft-Ibf/min
ft-lbf/min 1 Metric HP = 736 W = 0.736 kW
11 HP
HP == 42.4 BTU/min 1 Metric HP =1 French horse
11 HP = 746 Watts = 0.746kW 1 Metric HP =1 Chueval Vapuer
11 HP ==11 Arabian horse 1 Metric HP =1 Pferdestarke
11 HP
HP ==11 mule 1 Metric HP =1 P.S. (Power ofa horse)
EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO ES MECHANICAL
89
ENGINEERING REVIEW MEMBERS
TEMPERATU
TEMPERATURE SCALES

0 10D
32 212
80
7.5 60
EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO ES MECHANICAL
90
ENGINEERING REVIEW MEMBERS

150 0
CONSTANTS
STANTS
 DENSITY, SPECIFIC WEIGHT
AND
AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY

=1 *›i = 62.4 lbm//t3

k
Pwater —" 1000 —
Liter SG = 1.0
SG 1.0 (Water)
SG =
SG = 1.03
1.03 (Seawater)
(Seawater)
kN
kwater (Speci{ic weipht) = 9.81 = 62.4 lb{//t3 SG = 0.80 (Oil)
SG
SG =
SG = 13.6
13.6 (Mercury)

kp Ibm
= 0.075
jft3

Note: Density is at STP (standard temperature and pressure)

1 atm pressure and 21°C
 SPECIFIC HEATS
BTU kJ Gas ConstantR For Air
C =C = 1.0 = 4.187
Ibm o kg -K
ft— lb
R = 0.287k g = 53. 342
For Ice: —K lb„,—R

BTU kJ
Cp Cp 0.5 = 2.094
lbm - OR kg K

ForAir:

kJ BTU
Cp •005 = TO
EXCLUSIVE ONLY 0.24
ES MECHANICAL
93
kg • K REVIEW MEMBERS
ENGINEERING lbm R O

kJ BTU
Cp—— 0.718 p 0.1714
Up - lbm- °R
 Specific Heat Ratiok
MOLECULAR WEIGHT(MW) Argon (Ar)= 1.666
C (Carbon) = 12 Helium (He) = 1.666
H2 ' EXT
=2 Mercury (Hg) = 1.666
0z 16
x2 =32
Neon (Ne) = 1.666
z' 14x2 —— 28 Air= 1.4
CO2' 44
S (Sulfur) = 32 Hydrogen (H2) = 1.4
He (Helium)=4 Carbon Monoxide (CO) = 1.399
Ammonia (NH3) = 17 Nitrogen (N2) = 1.399
Methane (CiH4) = 16 Oxygen (02) = 1.395
Water(^zO) = 18 Carbon Dioxide
94 (CO2) = 1.288
Ammonia (NH3) = 1.304
Methane (CiH4) = 1.321
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RAVITATIONAL
ACCELERATION

95
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