Architecture Site Analysis Guide - Data Collection to Presentation
Architecture Site Analysis Guide - Data Collection to Presentation
U a
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lead to a sub standard design due to the designer not having all
available information to respond to and develop solutions for. You
can never know too much about the site.
Soft data looks at site conditions that can be changed. Hard data
looks at more concrete elements such as site boundaries, site areas,
utility locations, contours, dimensions, site features, climate, legal
information. Early site investigations should look at hard data. From
this, we are able to establish which elements we consider to have a
negative impact on the site or proposed design and which conditions
have a more positive influence. This allows us to create a hierarchy
and gives a more systematic approach to understanding our data
and developing the design.
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Desktop Study
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Before you visit the site, there is a lot of information you can gain
from a desktop study. By carrying out thorough research prior to
your visit to site, you will arrive well informed, and possibly have
identified specific things that you want to check or look out for on
your site visit.
Location:
Geological maps to discover predominant type of soil or rock on
the site.
Aerial photographs and maps (google and bing have really useful
and quite different aerial
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Legal Information:
Rights of way, rights of access, Town and Country Planning
restrictions, is the site in a green belt?
History of the site – anything you can use to inform your design.
Any tunnels, disused mines, archaeological interests under the
site could curtail development.
Historical use of the site – could industrial processes have
contaminated the land?
If the site sits in a conservation area or close to listed buildings
you may need to go into more detail regarding cultural
significance, historic significance, etc.
Developmental controls – is the site subject to any specific
planning controls, building control or health and safety?
Are there any trees on the site? Do they have Tree Preservation
Orders on them?
Utilities:
Determine whether water, electricity, gas, telephone, sewerage
and other services are connected to the land.
Climate:
Climate conditions of the site/area.
Sun path and angles.
Is the area susceptible to flooding, is it considered a flood risk
area?
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There are many more things to look at, and each site is very
different, but hopefully this will give you a starting point for getting
the best out of your site visit. In the next section we will look at
visiting the site, and some of the items on the checklist according to
the categories that you should look out for.
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Neighbourhood context
Look at existing and proposed building uses in the neighbourhood
What condition are the buildings in?
Are there exterior spaces and what are they used for?
Are there activities in the neighbourhood that may create strong
vehicle or pedestrian traffic?
Existing vehicle movement patterns, major and minor roads, bus
routes and stops.
Street lighting
Vernacular context, materials, architectural features,
fenestration, landscaping, parking, building heights
Any nearby historical buildings, or buildings of particular
significance
Sun and shade patterns during the year
Building context – what style, period, state of repair are the
surrounding buildings? It is a historical/heritage/conservation
area? Will your design need to reflect the existing style?
Is the site close to listed buildings?
Surfaces and materials around the site.
Natural Features
Topography of the site, valleys, ridges, slopes etc.
Vegetation – landscaping, greenery, shrubs and trees, open
spaces.
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Site levels. How will this affect your design process? How does the
site drainage work, would there be any potential problems with
drainage?
Soil types on site
Circulation
Circulation – how do visitors/pedestrians/traffic to or near the
site flow around or within it.
Accessibility – current provisions of disabled access to the site
and how will this need to be considered.
Does the existing pedestrian movement need to be preserved?
What is the vehicle peak loads and when?
Public transport close to the site
Locations of best access to site for both vehicles and pedestrians
Travel time to walk across the site
Utilities
Location of all services: electricity, gas, water, sewer, telephone.
This includes both underground and above ground.
Location of power poles.
Drainage
Sub-stations
Sensory
Views – where are the best views to and from the site.
What are the views of?
Mark out the positive and negative views.
Which is the most likely feature aspect?
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Climate
Orientation of the site.
Weather – how does the weather affect the site? Is it well shaded,
exposed?
How does the temperature, rainfall etc vary throughout the year?
What are the prevailing wind directions throughout the year?
What is the sun path throughout the different times of the year,
and day.
Take some time to walk around the site as much as possible. Take
note of the general topography of the site, and any significant
changes in level. Also note any indications of what is underneath the
surface, for example, any marsh grasses could suggest that there is a
high water table, if the soil is sticky it could indicate the subsoil on
the site is clay. If there is any rubble on the site, it could suggest
there has been previous development, or possibly landfill on the
land.
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The best way to present much of the data you have collected is
through diagrams. There are varying approaches to expressing the
features of the site, some prefer to include as much information as
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Both options work, but if you decide to present all the data on one
drawing, it is important to make sure it doesn’t become muddled and
difficult to interpret the information. So a single diagram
demonstrating many of the site conditions will be a larger drawing
than numerous individual diagrams demonstrating one site factor. It
is also important that the hierarchy of the drawing is clear – using
your pen thicknesses to demonstrate the different aspects.
You can represent data from your site visit in plans, elevations and
sections, isometrics or perspectives. Be sure to choose the best
option for the date you are trying to explain. We want to make sure
the diagram is simple, and clear, with the data we are presenting
graphically bolder than the referent information. You want the
emphasis to be on the information you are communicating, for
example a path through the site, or the position of trees on the site.
If you choose to create a series of drawings, ensure that the site
drawing is always the same orientation, and preferably scale, so that
the reader can easily understand the drawings.
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So you have collected all this information and taken a shed load of
photos, now you’ve got to evaluate this information and consider
the implications to your design process. As well as considering all
the points below you also have to integrate the requirements of the
brief. You are slowly putting together the pieces of the puzzle in
order to come up with a great design.
When looking at your site and considering your design think about
the following:
The Site
Street patterns
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Street section
Scale and the hierarchy/form/space
Land use
Typologies
Neighbourhood relationships, formal street variation
Perspective relationships, views
Edge conditions, surfaces and materials
Natural and man made
Movement and circulation within and around the site
Vehicle vs. pedestrian
Access
Public space vs. private space
Open space
History
Climate – sun angles and sun shadows
Negative and positive spaces – we move through negative spaces
and dwell in positive spaces
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The Building
Think about how your proposal is going to link in with the site, and
how the site will connect with the building. Make a few notes about
each of the points below about what you are looking to achieve.
Massing
Structure
Circulation
Axis
Symmetry
Scale and proportion
Balance
Regulating lines
Light quality
Rhythm and repetition
Views
Geometry
Hierarchy
Enclosure
Space/void relationship
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Give more detail about the elements of your site analysis that you
feel will be important in your design process.
Make sure you include images. There are various ways you can do
this:
Sketches from site
Photographs from site
Annotated photographs
Present any relevant data found (climate, sun paths etc). Keep
data clear and concise, don’t bore everyone with complicated
graphs and tables. Instead, make your own chart or table that
picks out the important information.
Present your sun paths and angles as some sort of annotated
drawing. Sketchup can be a useful way of presenting sun path
drawings.
Depending on what has been asked of you, sometimes it is useful
to present a couple of overlay drawings showing some initial ideas
you have worked on. This will demonstrate your understanding of
the site.
I have also come across a great tutorial from Alex over at Visualising
Architecture, which explains his process to create some really cool
site analysis visuals. Check it out here.
If you would like to learn more about carrying out an Architectural
Site Analysis, I would highly recommend you check out “Site
Analysis: Diagramming Information for Architectural Design”. It is
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45 Comments
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EXCELLENT
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Thank you…
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interesting
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Very helpful
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thanks a lot
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Thank you! 🙂
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Wonderful
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