WOLLO UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

CENG 3103
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Instructor – Awot Tsehaye (Msc.) Nov. 2010

 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
Course Outline

1. Introduction 5. Building Construction Elements

2. Building Drawings Foundation and Basement
3. Building Structural Systems  Floors
Reinforced Concrete Structures  Exterior and Interior Closures:
 Steel Framed Structures Walls
Prefabricated Building  Stairs
Systems Doors and Windows
 Shell and Dome Structures  Roofs
4. Planning of Buildings  Finishing
5. Building Construction  Damp – Prevention
Elements Formwork and Scaffolding
6. Health and Safety in
Building Construction
CEng 3103 – Building Construction
Chapter 3 – Building Structural Systems
 Presentation Outline
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Reinforced Concrete Structures
3.3 Steel Framed Structures
3.4 Wood Structures
3.5 Masonry Structures
3.6 Prefabricated Building Systems
3.7 Shell and Dome Structures
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.1 Introduction
Building Structural Systems – greatly depend on materials
and the expected force systems.
Based on force systems structural elements can be
classified into:
Foundation – Footing, Pile
Column –
Beam –
Truss –
Arch –
Dome, Shell –
Plate –
Membrane -
CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.1 Introduction
CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.1 Introduction
Structural
load
transformat
ion has
become
more and
more
complex
VAULT
DOME
SHELL
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.1 Introduction

Structure: Guiding Principles of Analysis and Design

Lightness
 Maximum Lightness achieved by minimum use of
materials.
Maximum Diversity/Minimum Inventory
 Element design.
Construction Logic
 Awareness and optimization of the construction
sequence.
Economy
 Constraints are good
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.1 Introduction
Lightness
Maximum
Diversity/Minimum
Inventory – Element and
Joint Design
CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.1 Introduction
Common Structural Materials – CONCRETE
(PLAIN AND RC), STEEL, WOOD, MASONRY
 New Possibilities
 Materials - Composites
 Glass
 Carbon Fiber
 Cellulose
 Panels: e.g. stress skin
 Processes
 Concrete
 Tilt-Up Slab
 Rapid Curing
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.2 Reinforced Concrete Structures
Reinforced Concrete -Ethiopia
 Concrete Issues
 Strength in Tension
 Strength in Compression
 Ductility
 CO2 generation
 Durability
 Quality Control
 Concrete Advantageous
 Form Requirements
 Availability of Materials
 Construction Expertise
requirement
 Developments – SCC,
Ductile Concrete, Composite
Concrete
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.3 Steel Framed Structures
Class of elements distinguished from
Metals are other
commonly used materials by:
in building  Ductility
Structures  Malleability
Primary  Hardness
Architectural  Conductivity
Metals Ability to form alloys
 Qualities of appearance
 Steel
 STEEL STRUCTURES
 Stainless steel
 Material Properties and Applications of
 Aluminum various steels
 Copper  Three types
 Zinc  1.Carbon steels
 Lead composites  2.High-strength low-alloy steels
 3.Alloy steels
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.3 Steel Framed Structures

Structural steels
Design of structure is based on yield stress, but ductility,
toughness at normal & sub-zero temperatures and weld-ability
are often important properties .
Plain carbon steel has good ductility and weld-ability when
carbon content is low & high yield strength when carbon
content is high
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.3 Steel Framed Structures

Plain carbon steel

Effect of
carbon
content on
Mechanical
properties,
hence limited
to 0.25% max .
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.3 Steel Framed Structures
Plain carbon steel
Increase Carbon content –strength increases, but ductility reduces.
0.2% proof stress
E=200GPa
Alloying affect
C–strength increases, but ductility reduces
Mn increases strength (Y&U) but reduces weld-ability (arise from process)
S increases brittleness induces fatigue (arise from process) 0.06% max
P increases Strength and Corrosion resistance, decreases ductility (arise from
process) (0.06% max)
Si improves strength but excess can reduce strength as C occurs as graphite
flakes (arise from process) (0.6%)
Nb & Ni Increases strength
Cu increases corrosion resistance and reduces ductility
Cr increases hardness and corrosion resistance and reduces ductility
CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.3 Steel Framed Structures
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.4 Wood Structures
The use of wood extends back in time longer than any other
material.
In fact, wood represents both the original material of building
as well as the earliest source of energy.
Once abundant it is now, for the most part a managed
resource.
But is mostly underused
Structural Morphology
i. Solid Load Bearing Wall
ii. Timber Frame
iii. Balloon and Platform Framing
iv. Stress-Skin Systems Structural Types
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.5 Masonry Structures
Must act in compression
(no resistance to tension)
 Very high compressive
strength
 Design is a problem of
form
 Stability and not strength
limits masonry
 Thrust line: line of forces
acting within a masonry
structure to ensure that
compression is maintained
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.7 Shell Roof

Useful to covering large structure

For example
• assembly halls
•Recreation center
•Library
•Theater
•Factories
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.7 Shell Roof

RCC shell roof is becoming more poplar

now a day
Very less quantity of materials are
required as compared the same span of
other roof
It is free from large bending
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.7.1 Types of Shell roof

1. North light shell roof

2. Double curved shell roof
3. Long multiple cylindrical shell roof
 CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.7 Advantage of shell roof

Less cost of construction and maintenance

Reinforcement requirement is less
The longer column is free from floor area is
available
Good ventilation is obtained
Good appearance and good reflecting surfaces are
obtained
Greater head room is available
CEng 3103 – Building Construction
3.7 DOME ROOF

• Special types of shell roof

• It is semi-spherical or semi-elliptical shape
Domical structure may be
o Smooth shell dome
o Ribbed domes
Smooth shell dome is divided as
1 dome with shells of uniform thickness
2 domes with shells of varying thickness
• smooth shell domes are constructed by brick, stone,
concrete or tie and ribbed domes may be built in steel,
concrete or wood