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Cellular Respiration Worksheet Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of cellular respiration, including the equations for aerobic respiration, the purpose of ATP generation, and the roles of various molecules in the process. It discusses mechanisms of ATP production, differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and details the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. Additionally, it compares alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation, highlighting their conditions, substrates, and products.

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Hend Walid
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4 views

Cellular Respiration Worksheet Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of cellular respiration, including the equations for aerobic respiration, the purpose of ATP generation, and the roles of various molecules in the process. It discusses mechanisms of ATP production, differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and details the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. Additionally, it compares alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation, highlighting their conditions, substrates, and products.

Uploaded by

Hend Walid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION QUESTIONS - ANSWERS

1. Write the balanced word and chemical equation for aerobic respiration.

2. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?


Generate ATP

3. Why is NADH called an electron shuttle bus?


Carries electrons from glycolysis & Krebs cycle to the ETC, then returns to original processes as
NAD+ to get more

4. What are the two mechanisms in which ATP is generated? Briefly


describe each mechanism.
Substrate level phosphorylation: uses enzymes to add phosphate to
ADP to create ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation: uses processes driven by oxygen (redox
reactions) that result in the addition of phosphate to ADP to create
ATP

5. Make a comparison chart to show how much ATP is produced from substrate level phosphorylation versus
oxidative phosphorylation (use the equivalent amount of ATP for coenzymes).
Substrate level phosphorylation: 2 from glycolysis, 2 from Krebs
Oxidative phosphorylation: 32 from ETC & chemiosmosis

6. Define the following terms:


a. Aerobic cellular respiration O2 present
b. Anaerobic cellular respiration fermentation, no O2 present
c. Substrate level phosphorylation use of an enzyme to add a phosphate
d. Oxidative phosphorylation use of oxygen to drive a process that results in the addition of a
phosphate
e. Chemiosmosis movement of ions across a semiperimable membrane down their concentration
gradient
f. Carboxylation addition of carbon, decarboxylation – removal of carbon in form of CO2

7. Identify two instances where decarboxylation occurs during cellular respiration.


Pyruvate oxidation
Krebs Cycle: between iso-citrate & alpha-ketoglutarate and between alpha-ketoglutarate and
succinyl-CoA

8. What role do the following molecules have in cellular respiration?


a. NADH & FADH2 shuttle electrons from glycolysis & Krebs to the ETC
b. Hydrogen ions used to create concentration gradient in mitochondria (chemiosmosis)
c. Acetyl-CoA a coenzyme used in Krebs cycle – helps deliver acetyl group to Krebs as
acetyl-CoA
d. electrons move through ETC via redox reactions, allowing H+ to be pumped into the
intermembrane space and set up a concentration gradient
e. oxygen final electron acceptor in ETC

9. a. What is the purpose of glycolysis? break down glucose into 2x 3-carbon molecules (pyruvate)
b. What are the products of glycolysis? 2 NADH, 2 ATP (net), 2 pyruvate
c. What gets oxidized? glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) Reduced? NAD+

10. a. What are the products of one turn of Krebs cycle? 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
b. How many turns of the Krebs cycle are required to metabolize one molecule of glucose? TWO

11. Draw a diagram of a mitochondria and label


its parts.

12. What happens to pyruvic acid before it enters the Krebs cycle?
decarboxylation, oxidation, addition of CoA

13. What happens to the substance entering the Krebs cycle?


acetyl-CoA enters the cycle by binding with oxaloacetate

14. During Krebs, what products are formed? CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP
How many for one molecule of glucose? 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP

15. How is the electron transport chain organized, and what is its purpose?
Series of proteins with increasing electronegativity
Purpose is to establish concentration gradient of H+
Draw a labeled sketch that shows all of the protein complexes, energy molecules, electron movement, protons
and location.

cytochrome c
Q

I IV
II III
16. Where is the H+ reservoir located in the mitochondria? intermembrane space (between the outer
membrane & the inner membrane/cristae)
Indicate where each part of cellular respiration occurs.

17. What happens to the electrons as they are passed along the electron chain? They lose energy

18. Ex plain how ATP is made by chemiosmosis.


H+ move through ATP synthase because of concentration gradient and repulsion of like charges

19. At what point on the ETC do the electrons stop from getting passed on?
When they join with oxygen

20. What happens to theses electrons after that point?


They become part of H2O

21. What happens to the NAD+ and FAD after it gives electrons to the ETC?
They go back to Krebs cycle – they are recycled.

22. What is the significance of the inner membrane and intramembrane space in the mitochondria?
Inner membrane is where the ETC takes place – the complexes are located there
Intra/intermembrane space is where there is a high concentration of H+ allowing creation of ATP
via ATP synthase

23. Compare alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation in terms of where it occurs, starting substrate,
end products, and amount of energy produced.
Alcohol Fermentation: Lactic Acid Fermentation:
Where: cytoplasm cytoplasm
Starting substrate: pyruvate pyruvate
Products: O2 2 lactate, 2 NAD+
Energy produced: 2 ATP 2 ATP

24. When does fermentation occur? Where oxygen is not present

25. What is being oxidized and reduced in fermentation?


Oxidized – NADH Reduced- pyruvate or acetaldehyde
Contrast this to pyruvate oxidation and Krebs cycle phase.
Oxidized – carbon molecules Reduced- NAD+, FAD

26. What are the differences between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?
end products – see above, both serve to regenerate NAD+

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