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19193

This chapter discusses the concepts of center of gravity, center of mass, and centroid, detailing methods to determine their locations for discrete particles and arbitrary shapes. It also introduces theorems of Pappus and Guldinus for calculating surface area and volume of bodies with axial symmetry. Additionally, it presents a method for finding the resultant of distributed loading, particularly in fluid pressure scenarios.

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14 views12 pages

19193

This chapter discusses the concepts of center of gravity, center of mass, and centroid, detailing methods to determine their locations for discrete particles and arbitrary shapes. It also introduces theorems of Pappus and Guldinus for calculating surface area and volume of bodies with axial symmetry. Additionally, it presents a method for finding the resultant of distributed loading, particularly in fluid pressure scenarios.

Uploaded by

11002299nnmmnm
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

CHAPTER NINE
Center of Gravity and Centroid

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
■ To discuss the concept of the center of gravity, center of mass,
and the centroid.
■ To show how to determine the location of the center of gravity
and centroid for a system of discrete particles and a body of
arbitrary shape.
■ To use the theorems of Pappus and Guldinus for finding the
surface area and volume for a body having axial symmetry.
■ To present a method for finding the resultant of a general
distributed loading and show how it applies to finding the
resultant force of a pressure loading caused by a fluid.

9.1 Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body.


In this section we will first show how to locate the center of gravity for a body, and
then we will show that the center of mass and the centroid of a body can be
developed using this same method.
Center of Gravity. A body is composed of an infinite number of particles of
differential size, and so if the body is located within a gravitational field, then each
of these particles will have a weight dW, Fig. 9–1a. These weights will form an
approximately parallel force system, and the resultant of this system is the total
weight of the body, which passes through a single point called the center of gravity,
G, Fig. 9–1b. *
* This is true as long as the gravity field is assumed to have the same magnitude and
direction everywhere. That assumption is appropriate for most engineering
applications, since gravity does not vary appreciably between, for instance, the
bottom and the top of a building.

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


132
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

The weight of the body is the sum of the weights of all of its particles, that is:

The location of the center of gravity, measured from the y axis, is determined by
equating the moment of W about the y axis, Fig. 9–1b, to the sum of the moments of
the weights of the particles about this same axis. If dW is located at point (x, y, z),
Fig. 9–1a, then:
(MR)y = ΣMy ;
Similarly, if moments are summed about the x axis,
(MR)x = ΣMx;

Finally, imagine that the body is fixed within the coordinate system and this system
is rotated 90 about the y axis, Fig. 9–1c. Then the sum of the moments about the y
axis gives:
(MR)y = ΣMy;
Therefore, the location of the center of gravity G with respect to the x, y, z axes
becomes:

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


133
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Center of Mass of a Body.

Centroid of a Volume.

Centroid of an Area. If an area lies in the x–y


plane and is bounded by the curve y = f (x), as
shown in Fig. 9–5a, then its Centroid will be in this
plane and can be determined from integrals similar
to Eqs. 9–3 , namely,

Fig. 9–5

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


134
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

These integrals can be evaluated by


performing a single integration if we
use a rectangular strip for the
differential area element. For
example, if a vertical strip is used,
Fig. 9–5b, the area of the element is
dA = y dx, and its centroid is located
at and ..
If we consider a horizontal strip, Fig.
9–5c, then: dA = x dy, and its
Fig. 9–5
centroid is located at x = x/2 and y = y.
9.2 Composite Bodies
A composite body consists of a series of connected “simpler” shaped bodies, which
may be rectangular, triangular, semicircular, etc. Such a body can often be divided
into its composite parts and, provided the weight and location of the center of
gravity of each part are known, we can then eliminate the need for integration to
determine the center of gravity for the entire body. However, rather than account for
an infinite number of differential weights, we have instead a finite number of
weights. Therefore,

Here
represent the coordinates of the center of gravity G of the composite
body.
represent the coordinates of the center of gravity of each composite
part of the body.
is the sum of the weights of all the composite parts of the body.

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


135
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


136
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


137
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


138
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


139
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


140
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


141
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


142
UNIVERSITY OF ANBAR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAM & WATER RESOURCES DEPT.

Engineering Mechanics - STATICS

Prepared by: Ass. Prof. Dr. Ayad A. Sulaibi


143

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