10 Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4: Module 5
Statistical Methods in Research

Writer: Analene N. Fullido

Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 What I Need to Know

Hello, Grade 10 learners! In this module, you will learn how to:

use appropriate measures of position and other statistical methods in analyzing

and interpreting research data. M10AL-IVc-49

You can say that you have understood the lessons if you can:

1. identify the appropriate measures of position to be used in research.

2. use other statistical methods in analyzing and interpreting research data.

What I Know
Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer.

1. What statistical measure is the most appropriate to use to answer this question:
“What is the cut off score for the top 75% of the class?”?
A. Average B. Percentile C. Variance D. Standard
Deviation
2. What statistical measure is the most appropriate to use to answer this question:
“Is Ms. Fullido’s class homogenous or heterogenous in terms of intelligence?”?
A. Median B. Percentile C. Quartile D. Standard
Deviation
3. Which of the following exam grades has a better relative position?
i. A grade of 75 on a Calculus test with 𝑥 = 72 and s = 5
ii. A grade of 43 on a Statistics test with 𝑥 = 72 and s = 3
A. i C. They’re the same
B. ii D. Cannot be determined

4. A final examination for a Geometry course has a mean of 84 and a standard

deviation of 4. What is the corresponding z score for the raw score of 100?
A. 16 B. 8 C. 20 D. 4
5. What type of Statistics involves methods for organizing, summarizing, analyzing
and interpreting information or data?
A. Descriptive B. Inferential C. Sampling D. Hypothetical

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6. What statistical measure will you use if you want to know your score standing
relative to the other scores in a class?
A. Measure of Position C. Measure of Variation
B. Measure of Dispersion D. Measure of Indication

7. What is the statistical tool that measures how varied or dispersed the set of
values are in a distribution?
A. Measure of Position C. Measure of Central Tendency
B. Measure of Dispersion D. Measure of Indication

8. What does a large value of standard deviation mean?

A. The values in the data are centralized around the mean.
B. The values in the data are spread over a smaller range around the mean.
C. The values in the data are spread over a larger range around the mean.
D. The values in the data are clustered around the median.

9. What is the range in this array of scores: 90, 98, 92, 88, 86?
A. 15 B. 12 C. 10 D. 18
E.
10 What is the easiest measure of dispersion to calculate?
A. Range B. Variance C. Mean D. Standard
Score

11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Measurement of Dispersion?

A. It reveals how data are spread out on either side of the center
B. It indicates how high or low the uniformity of the data are
C. It serves to locate the distribution
D. It is the difference or variation among the values

12. Which score has the highest relative position?

A. x = 15 𝑥=9 s=3

B. x = 100 𝑥 = 80 s = 10

C. x = 55 𝑥 = 10 s=6
D. x = 180 𝑥 = 20 s=4

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13. An examinee’s grade in a Language course has a mean of 75 and a standard
deviation of 5. What is the corresponding z score for the raw score of 90?
A. - 3 B. 3 C. 0 D. 4

14. What type of Statistics involves methods for organizing, summarizing, analyzing
and interpreting information or data?
A. Descriptive B. Inferential C. Sampling D. Hypothesis-
Testing

15. What statistical measure will you use if you want to know your score standing
relative to the other scores in a class?
A. Measure of Position C. Measure of Variation
B. Measure of Dispersion D. Measure of Central Tendency

LESSON 1. THE MEASURES OF POSITION – QUANTILES &

STANDARD SCORE

What’s In

Let us see how much you remember about your previous lessons.
Complete the crossword puzzle below.

MEASURES OF POSITION AND

RESEARCH
Across
1. divide the set into 100 equal parts
5. divides the set into 4 equal parts

Down
2. another type of Statistics that deals
with hypothesis-testing
3. divide the set into 10 equal parts
4. type of Statistics that involves methods
for organizing, summarizing, analyzing
and interpreting information or data
To back you up as you go along
through this module, recall and re-
activate the following concepts:
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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 Remember that a measure of position, as its name suggests, is a
number or value that tells or indicates where the score stands relative to the
other scores in a data set.

For instance, if your score ranked 1st in an examination, then you stand
in the 99th percentile rank and your score is 99% higher than the rest of your
classmates’ scores.

The measures of position or quantiles (percentiles, deciles, quartiles)

help us see or verify where a certain value falls in a data set. It tells us whether
the value is nearly on the average or if it is high or low. Most of the time,
measures of position are used for quantitative data on some numerical scale.
These measures of position can be used in analyzing and interpreting
data. These statistical methods can be used in Descriptive Statistics.
Remember that there are two types of Statistics – descriptive and inferential.
For this module, we will be using the Descriptive Statistics.

What’s New
Milk tea is one of the people’s favorite drinks and refreshments
nowadays. Even teenagers make this as their pastime intake and serves as
bonding time for them. Several businessmen have already come up with their
own Milk Tea Shops.
Annica, a new businesswoman, put up a Milk Tea Shop inside a mall.
After a month from the opening date, she noticed that her sales dropped from
the usual daily average sales. To help her know the factors that caused the low
sales, she conducted a survey to her customers.

Favorite Milk Tea Flavor Number of Customers

Wintermelon 9
Lemon Grass 7
Salted Caramel 5
Taro 6
Winterdew 8
Cocoa 5
Strawberry 10
She randomly selected 50 customers to answer the survey of selecting
their favorite Milk Tea flavor. The data is summarized in the table at the right:

Admittedly, Annica and her team are having hard time preparing Salted
Caramel. Should they phase it out?

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 To answer the query, Annica and her team should know the position of
Salted Caramel relative to the other milk tea flavors.

Solution:
First, we need to know the rank of the Salted Caramel:

5 5 6 7 8 9 10

Median (50% of the data)

The median is 7. The rank of Salted Caramel is below the median, but above
the first quartile which is 2.25. If Annica decides to phase out this flavor, the
shop might lose 5 out of every 50 customers. Therefore, the team has decided
that it is better to retain Salted Caramel in the menu.

Can you try?

Recall how to compute for quartiles of an ungrouped data.
What flavors in Annica’s Milk Tea Shop are in the upper quartile (Q3)?

What is It
From the activity above, we can say that measures of position play a
vital role in analyzing the relevance of each value in a data set. Another
important measure of position aside from the quantiles is the so-called z-score.
A z-score or standard score serves as a measure of position, same as
the quantiles previously discussed. A z-score of a certain data value gives or
measures the distance of an observation from the mean. It is measured in the
units of standard deviation.
Take this as an example. If a student got a grade of 80 in his History test
and 65 in his Math test, he cannot compare his scores directly since the exams
might have different number of items or questions, or the exams could have a
different pointing system and so on. But what can the student do is to compare
the relative positions of the scores by using z-scores.
The standard score can be obtained by using this formula:
𝑥−𝑥
z=
𝑠

where z = z-score x = value 𝑥 = mean s = standard deviation

Note:
● If the obtained z-score is positive, then the score is ABOVE the mean.
● If the obtained z-score is zero, it is same as the mean.

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 ● If the obtained z-score is negative, then the score is BELOW the mean.

Example:
Which of the following scores has a better relative position?
A grade of 45 on a Geometry test with 𝑥 = 45 and s = 4 or
A grade of 60 on a Statistics test with 𝑥 = 50 and s = 5?
Solution:

For a grade of 45 z= 45−45 =0 =0

4 4

For a grade of 60 z= 60−50 = 10 = 2

5 5

Analysis: The z-score obtained for the Geometry test is zero, thus the score or
the grade is the same as the mean. On the other hand, the z-score obtained
for the Statistics Test is positive 2, thus the score is above the mean.

Conclusion: Since the z-score obtained for the Statistics test is larger than that
of the Geometry test, then the position of the Statistics test is higher than that
of the Geometry test.

What’s More

Read and analyze the following problem. Remember to follow the steps
in solving for z-score.

A student scores 60 on a History test that has a mean of 54 and a

standard deviation of 3, and he scores 80 on an English test with a mean of
75 and a standard deviation of 2. On which test did he perform better?

Write your analysis and conclusion.

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct terms.

Remember that a measure of (1) , as its name suggests,

is a number or value that tells or indicates where the score stands relative to
the other scores in a data set. A (2) of a certain data value
gives or measures the distance of an observation from the (3) ,
measured in the units of standard deviation.
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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 Also, there are different measures of position used in Statistics, namely
percentiles, quartiles and deciles, which are also referred to as (4) .
(5) Statistics involves methods for organizing,
summarizing, analyzing and interpreting information or data.

What I Can Do
Read and understand the word problem. Use your knowledge and
skills in solving for standard score. Show your complete solution.

A student scores 60 on a History test that has a mean of 54 and a standard

deviation of 3, and he scores 80 on an English test with a mean of 75 and
a standard deviation of 2. On which test did he perform better?

Rubrics:

CATEGORY 5 4 3 2
Most (75-84%) More than 75%
90-100% of the Almost all (85-89%)
of the solutions of the solutions
solutions and of the solutions and
and answers and answers
Mathematical Errors answers have answers have no
have no have no
no mathematical mathematical
mathematical mathematical
errors. errors. errors. errors.
The two
There are a lot
required facts
Completion of Work All required facts All but one required of lacking
are both
and Report are completed. fact is completed. information in
incompletely
the work.
done.
The work is
The work is The work
presented in The work is
presented in an appears sloppy
neat, clear, presented in neat,
organized and
Neatness and creative, clear, creative,
fashion but may unorganized. It
Organization organized organized fashion
be hard to is hard to know
fashion that is that is usually easy
understand at what information
easy to to understand
understand. times. goes together.

Assessment
Read each question carefully and answer each item as best as you can.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What statistical measure is the most appropriate to use to answer this question:
“What is the cut off score for the top 75% of the class?”?
A. Average B. Percentile C. Variance D. Standard
Deviation

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

2. What statistical measure is the most appropriate to use to answer this question:
“Is Ms. Fullido’s class homogenous or heterogenous in terms of intelligence?”?
A. Median B. Percentile C. Quartile D. Standard
Deviation
3. Which of the following exam grades has a better relative position?

i. A grade of 75 on a Calculus test with 𝑥 = 72 and s = 5

ii. A grade of 43 on a Statistics test with 𝑥 = 72 and s = 3
A. i C. They’re the same
B. ii D. Cannot be determined

4. From this conclusion in a study, what interpretation can you draw from it? “In
summary, the three quartiles for the maximum wind speeds are:
Q1 = 55 mph, Q2 = 80 mph, and Q3 = 95 mph”
A. roughly 25% are between 55 mph and 80 mph
B. roughly 25% are less than 95 mph
C. roughly 25% of the maximum wind speeds are more than 55 mph
D. Roughly 25% of the maximum winds are less than 80mph

5. A final examination for a Geometry course has a mean of 84 and a standard

deviation of 4. What is the corresponding z score for the raw score of 100?
A. 16 B. 8 C. 20 D. 4

6. What measure of position divides the data set in 4 equal parts?

A. Percentile B. Decile C. Quartile D. Average

7. What type of Statistics involves methods for organizing, summarizing, analyzing

and interpreting information or data?

A. Descriptive B. Inferential C. Sampling D. Hypothetical

8. What statistical measure is the most appropriate to use to answer this question:
“What is the cut off score for the top 25% of the class?”?
A. Variance B. Percentile C. Interquartile D. Standard
Deviation
9. What does “mean” stand for?
A. Average B. Summation C. Deviation D. Position

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

10. What statistical measure will you use if you want to know your score standing
relative to the other scores in a class?
A. Measure of Position C. Measure of Variation
B. Measure of Dispersion D. Measure of Indication

Additional Activities

Solve the following problem.

A final examination for a Math course has a mean of 85 and a standard

deviation of 5. Find the corresponding z score for each raw score.
a) 100 b) 95 c) 83 d) 76

LESSON 2. THE MEASURES OF DISPERSION

What’s In

Let us recall some of the terminologies discussed in Lesson 1. Find the

terms in this Word Hunt Puzzle. After encircling or highlighting the words, define
them in your own words. Good luck!

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 What’s New

From Lesson 1, Annica, who put up a Milk Tea Shop inside a mall noticed
that her sales are quite improving after two months. Therefore, she conducted
a survey to her customers on how likely they will recommend her shop to their
families and friends.

She selected 50 random customers and arrived with these data:

Rating Number of Customers

Very unlikely (1) 8
Unlikely (2) 10
Likely (3) 15
Very Likely (4) 17

How will you interpret the data that she gathered? Is her shop really
performing well? What statistical measure should you use to analyze the
results?

What is It

Based on the ratings given by the customers in the activity above, it can
be analyzed with the use of measures of dispersion. What are measures of
dispersion?
The measure of dispersion, as the name suggests, shows how
scattered or varied are the data in a set. It clearly tells the variation of the data
from one another and it gives us the larger picture about how the values are
distributed. Also, it shows how homogeneity or heterogeneity or varied the
distribution of the observations are.
There are three types of measures of dispersion namely the range,
interquartile deviation and the standard deviation. For this module, we will
focus on the concept of standard deviation since one of the disadvantages of
the range and interquartile deviation is that they miss out large part of the
distribution or values, thus, yielding to a not-so-reliable result.
Standard deviation (SD) then, is a measure of how varied or
dispersed the set of values are in a distribution. If you obtain a high standard
deviation, then the values vary greatly, thus making it heterogenous. If you get
a low standard deviation, then the values vary closely to each other, therefore
making the data homogenous.

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 The standard deviation is determined by finding the square root of what
is called the variance. The variance is found by squaring the differences
from the mean.

REMEMBER!
Steps in finding the standard deviation:
1. Determine the mean of the data set.
2. Subtract the obtained mean in step #1 from each data in the set.
3. Square the differences you have obtained from step #2.
4. Multiply the frequency of each data to the answers obtained in step
#3.
5. Get the sum or the total of all numbers yielded from step #4.
2
(𝑥−𝑥) ]
6. Use this formula to get the variance: 𝜎 = 𝛴[𝑓
𝑛−1
7. Take the square root of the variance to get the standard deviation.

Example:
Going back to Annica’s Milk Tea Shop example in Lesson 1, she
conducted another survey to her fifty (50) randomly chosen customers. The
data is shown again below:

“How likely will you recommend our Milk Tea Shop to your family and friends?”
Rating Number of Customers
Very unlikely (1) 8
Unlikely (2) 10
Likely (3) 15
Very Likely (4) 17

How do you summarize and interpret these results?

Solution: Our goal is to determine how dispersed the responses are, thus
obtaining either a homogenous or heterogenous data.
Solving for the standard deviation, take a look closely on the table below,
following the steps in calculating for the S.D.:
(Step 1): Determine the mean. The mean of the data is:

𝑥= 8+10+15+17 = 50 = 12.5 (Subtract this mean from each data)

4 4

Rating No. of (Step 2) (Step 3) (Step 4)

(x) Responses (f) 𝑥−𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥)2
1 8 -4.5 20.25 162

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 2 10 -2.5 6.25 62.50
3 15 2.5 6.25 93.75
4 17 4.5 20.25 344.25
(Step 5) Total: 662.50
(𝑥−𝑥)2 ]
(Step 6) Variance (𝜎) = 𝛴[𝑓 = 662.50 = 662.50 = 13.52
𝑛−1 50−1 49

(Step 7) SD = √𝜎 = √13.52 = 3.68

Analysis: The standard deviation obtained from the survey conducted by

Annica is 3.68, which is relatively small. Therefore, the data is said to be
homogenous.
Interpretation: In this case, since the standard deviation is small, the
customers are likely to recommend her shop to their family and friends.

What’s More

Read and solve the following word problem. Complete the table and
summarize and interpret the result.

In a newly opened hotel in a city, 50 customers were randomly selected

and answered a survey on how satisfied they are in their stay at the hotel. The
table shows how the customers rated different criteria.

Very Very
Unsatisfied Satisfied
Criteria Unsatisfied Satisfied
(2) (3)
(1) (4)
1. Quality of Service 6 4 17 23
2. Quality of Amenities 3 9 18 20
3. Value for Money 2 7 16 25

Question: Are the ratings given by the customers on the hotel’s quality of
service homogenous or varied?

Complete the table and solve for the standard deviation. Summarize and
interpret the result.

Quality of service: 𝑥 = 3.14

Rating No. of
𝑥−𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥)2 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑥)2
(x) Responses (f)
1 6

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 2 4
3 17
4 23

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct terms.
The measure of (1) , as the name suggests, shows how
scattered or (2) are the data in a set.
(3) then, is a measure of how varied or dispersed
the set of values are in a distribution. If you obtain a (4) standard
deviation, then the values vary greatly, thus making it (5) . If
you get a low standard deviation, then the values vary closely to each other,
therefore making the data (6) .
The (7) is determined by finding the square root of what
is called the (8) . The (9) is found by squaring
the differences from the (10) .

What I Can Do

From the table presented in What’s More Activity, determine if the clients’
level of satisfaction on the quality of amenities is homogenous or not.

Rubrics:

CATEGORY 5 4 3 2
Most (75-84%) More than 75%
90-100% of the Almost all (85-89%)
of the solutions of the solutions
solutions and of the solutions and
and answers and answers
Mathematical Errors answers have answers have no
have no have no
no mathematical mathematical
mathematical mathematical
errors. errors. errors. errors.
The two
There are a lot
required facts
Completion of Work All required facts All but one required of lacking
are both
and Report are completed. fact is completed. information in
incompletely
the work.
done.
The work is
The work is The work
presented in The work is
presented in an appears sloppy
neat, clear, presented in neat,
organized and
Neatness and creative, clear, creative,
fashion but may unorganized. It
Organization organized organized fashion
be hard to is hard to know
fashion that is that is usually easy
understand at what information
easy to to understand
understand. times. goes together.

13

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 Assessment
Read each item carefully. Then, encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. What is the statistical tool that measures how varied or dispersed the set of values
are in a distribution?
A. Measure of Position C. Measure of Central Tendency
B. Measure of Dispersion D. Measure of Indication

2. What do you call the difference between the highest and smallest value in a given
data set?
A. Range B. Variance C. Mean D.Standard
Deviation
3. Which measure of variation indicates how closely the values of a given data set
are scattered around the mean?
A. Range B. Variance C. Mean D. Standard
Deviation
4. What does a large value of standard deviation mean?
A. The values in the data are centralized around the mean.
B. The values in the data are spread over a smaller range around the mean.
C. The values in the data are spread over a larger range around the mean.
D. The values in the data are clustered around the median.

5. What is the standard deviation of these scores: 80, 88, 92, 90, and 85?

A. 4.2 B. 4.4 C. 4.3 D. 4.0

6. What is the variance of the scores in item #5?
A. 17.8 B. 17.5 C. 17.6 D. 17.2

7. What is the range in this array of scores: 90, 98, 92, 88, 86?
A. 15 B. 12 C. 10 D. 18

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

8. The heights in cm of a group of Grade 10 students were recorded. The variance
of these heights was subsequently calculated. What is the unit of measurement
for this variance?
A. cm B. m2 C. m D. cm2
E.
9. What is the easiest measure of dispersion to calculate?
A. Range B. Variance C. Mean D. Standard
Score

10. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Measurement of Dispersion?

A. It reveals how data are spread out on either side of the center
B. It indicates how high or low the uniformity of the data are

C. It serves to locate the distribution

D. It is the difference or variation among the values

Additional Activities

You are now ready to do the following assessment. Remember the concepts in
Lessons 1 and 2. Be careful in answering. Give your best shot!

Identification. Determine the statistical measure that is most appropriate to

analyze and interpret each research question. Choose your answer from the
box. Write your answer on the space provided.

Percentile Mean Range

Standard Score Standard Deviation

1. What percent of Paul’s classmates have grades lower than

his grade in English?
2. What is the cut off score for the top 75% of the class?
3. Do students have the same perception of their favorite
subject based on the survey done?
4. Is Mrs. Santos’ class homogenous or heterogenous in terms
of their IQ?
5. Whose grade has a better relative position?
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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 LESSON 3. THE APPROPRIATE USE OF STATISTICAL METHODS IN
ANALYZING AND INTERPRETING RESEARCH DATA

What’s In

Re-arrange the following words to reveal the statistical words discussed

in the previous lessons.

What’s New
In the business of footwear consumptions, Asia buys most of the shoes
sold around the world at 54% rate, followed by Europe at 15% and the North
America with 15%. Relationally, we are proud to say that Marikina City is
considered as the Shoe Capital of the Philippines, and it has become a vital
part of the Philippine Economy since it gave way to thousands of workers by
providing different opportunities.

Marikina City's shoe industry has been a great part of the Asian market
for footwear, especially during the 1960's when Marikina's craftsmanship
ranked 2nd internationally, next to Japan.

From the simple facts stated above, notice that research and studies are
very significant in our daily lives because its objective is not just to inform the
public, but it also seeks to build wider and deeper knowledge and
understanding of various concerns to increase public awareness.

In order to describe, present, analyze and interpret data in a research,

Statistics can be used as aid to the researchers such as students aiming to
analyze quantitative data of their ranking in class.
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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 What is It

Now probably your major question is, “How can I determine what
statistical method to use in analyzing and interpreting research data?”
Data Analysis and Interpretation is a process of examining the data
gathered, discovering relevant information, and drawing conclusions and
decision-making in solving a research problem. This also serves as a reference
for future research and studies.
Here are few tips on how to determine what appropriate statistical
method, previously discussed, suits to analyze and interpret a research data:
1. Read each situation or research question thoroughly, for several times
as needed, for you to underscore the hidden statistical method behind it.
This technique is reading between the lines.
2. Look for keywords. Highlight it. Associate it with the specific statistical
method. Look closely to the given facts.
3. Go back to the characteristics or definitions of the statistical methods. In
this case, we have talked about measures of position – percentiles,
quartiles, deciles, plus the standard score. We also discussed measures
of dispersion, focusing on the standard deviation.
4. After the brainstorming done, gather all the information you have and
solve or calculate for the specific statistical measure.
5. For the analysis part, summarize what you have solved or obtained.
Describe it based on the characteristics or definition of the statistical m
measure.
6. For the interpretation part, conclude your findings by relating it to the
analysis alongside with the question posted in the research problem

Consider this as an example:

Read and analyze this research problem:

Maria’s grade in Math is 83 with a mean of 40 and a standard deviation

of 5. Meanwhile, Corazon’s grade in Science is 85 with a mean of 35 and a
standard deviation of 3. Who between them whose grade has a better relative
position?

Again, read the question carefully. Analyze it and underline or highlight

the keywords.
Keywords: mean, standard deviation, relative position

Statistical Measure to be used: Standard Score (z-score) since it is asking

for the relative positions

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

Calculate for the z-score:

43
For Maria’s grade z= 83−40 =
5
= 8.6
5

50
For Corazon’s grade z= 85−35 = = 16.67
3 3

Analysis: The z-score obtained by Maria’s grade is 8.6. On the other hand, the
z-score obtained by Corazon’s grade is 16.67, which is larger than that of
Maria’s.

Conclusion: Since the z-score obtained by Corazon’s grade is larger than that
of Maria’s, therefore, Corazon’s grade is positioned higher than Maria’s.

For you to easily strategize with the method to be used, remember these
tips:
Statistical Method/Measure Some Key Words
Measures of Position rank, quartile, median, percentile
Standard Deviation homogenous, heterogenous, scattered,
varies
Standard Score the mean, standard deviation and
standard deviation is given; relative
positions, perform better

What’s More

Now it is your turn to unleash that “researcher’s mind” in you.

Read and analyze each research problem and write what is asked of you. Make
use of the space provided for you.
1. The following table shows the data for the weights of Grade 10 students.
Find the approximate weights corresponding to the first quartile (Q 1).
Analyze and interpret the result.

Weight (in kilograms) Frequency

40 – 43 7
44 – 47 9
48 – 51 10
52 – 55 13
56 – 59 11

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

Keywords:

Statistical Measure to be used:

Calculation/Solution:

Analysis:

Conclusion:

2. A Grade 10 student scores 70 on a Comprehension test that has a mean

of 44 and a standard deviation of 4, and he scores 90 on a Math test with
a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 2. On which test did she
perform better?

Keywords:

Statistical Measure to be used:

Calculation/Solution:
Analysis:
Conclusion:

3. A restaurant conducted a survey regarding customer’s satisfaction to

the quality of the dishes they serve. The data is represented in the
table below:

Very
Item Unsatisfied Satisfied Very Satisfied
Unsatisfied
Quality of food 2 8 10 20

Determine if customer’s levels of satisfaction on the quality of dishes are

homogenous or varied.

Keywords:

Statistical Measure to be used:

Calculation/Solution:

Analysis:

Conclusion:

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 What I Have Learned
Enumerate the tips on how to determine what appropriate statistical
method, previously discussed, suits to analyze and interpret a research data.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

What I Can Do

Conduct an interview by choosing 30 random people around you. Ask

them of this question: “how likely will you promote or recommend our school to
your other friends and acquaintances?”
Once you gathered the data, do the following:

1. Tally and present the responses in a frequency distribution table using

this rating: Very Unlikely (1), Unlikely (2), Likely (3) and Very Likely (4).
2. Present your data using a bar graph.
3. Analyze the data using the appropriate statistical method and measure.
4. Interpret the result.
RUBRICS FOR ASSESSMENT:

CATEGORY WEIGHT 10 8 6 3
Almost all (85-
90-100% of the Most (75-84%) More than 75%
89%) of the
solutions and of the solutions of the solutions
solutions and
Mathematical answers have and answers and answers
50% answers have
Errors no have no have no
no
mathematical mathematical mathematical
mathematical
errors. errors. errors.
errors.
The two
required There are a lot
Completion All required All but one
reports are of lacking
of Work and 30% reports are required report
both information in
Report completed. is completed.
incompletely the report.
done.
The work is The work is The work
The work is
presented in presented in appears sloppy
presented in
Neatness neat, clear, neat, clear, and
an organized
and creative, creative, unorganized. It
20% fashion but
Organization organized organized is hard to know
may be hard to
of the Report fashion that is fashion that is what
understand at
easy to usually easy to information
times.
understand. understand goes together.
20

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 Assessment
Read each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What quantile divides the data into 4 equal parts?
A. percentile B. quartile C. decile D. range

2. What measure of position divides the data into 100 equal parts?
A. decile B. quartile C. percentile D. variance

3. What statistical measure shows how varied the data are in a set?
A. mean B. z-score C. range D. standard
deviation

4. Which score has the highest relative position?

A. x = 15 𝑥=9 s=3

B. x = 100 𝑥 = 80 s = 10

C. x = 55 𝑥 = 10 s=6

D. x = 180 𝑥 = 20 s=4

5. What is the symbol for variance?

A. 𝜌 B. ∅ C. 𝜎 D. 𝜑

6. An examinee’s grade in a Language course has a mean of 75 and a standard

deviation of 5. What is the corresponding z score for the raw score of 90?
A. - 3 B. 3 C. 0 D. 4

7. What type of Statistics involves methods for organizing, summarizing,

analyzing and interpreting information or data?
A. Descriptive B. Inferential C. Sampling D. Hypothesis-
Testing

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 8. What statistical measure is the most appropriate to use to answer this
question: “What is the cut off score for the top 75% of the class?”?

A. Variance B. Range C. Interquartile D. Percentile

9. What is the mean of this set of data: 8, 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 5, 7, 4, 2?

A. 7 B. 5.9 C. 6.9 D. 8

10. What statistical measure will you use if you want to know your score standing
relative to the other scores in a class?
A. Measure of Position B. Measure of Dispersion
C. Measure of Variation D. Measure of Central Tendency

Additional Activities

Modified True or False. Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is correct. Otherwise, change the underlined word and write the
correct term on the space provided.

1. The range is a measure of position.

2. The percentile divides the data set into 10 equal parts.
3. The standard deviation is determined by finding the
square root of what is called the variance.
4. The measure of variation, as the name suggests, shows
how scattered are the data in a set.
5. A standard score of a certain data value gives or
measures the distance of an observation from the mean, measured in the units
of standard deviation.

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Read each item carefully. Then, encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. What measure of position divides the data set in 4 equal parts?

A. Percentile B. Decile C. Quartile D. Average

2. What type of Statistics involves methods for organizing, summarizing, analyzing

and interpreting information or data?

A. Descriptive B. Inferential C. Sampling D. Hypothetical

3. What statistical measure is the most appropriate to use to answer this question:
“What is the cut off score for the top 25% of the class?”?

A. Variance B. Percentile C. Interquartile D. Standard

Deviation
4. What does “mean” stand for?
A. Average B. Summation C. Deviation D. Position

5. What statistical measure will you use if you want to know your score standing
relative to the other scores in a class?

A. Measure of Position C. Measure of Variation

B. Measure of Dispersion D. Measure of Indication

6. What is the statistical tool that measures how varied or dispersed the set of values
are in a distribution?
A. Measure of Position C. Measure of Central Tendency

B. Measure of Dispersion D. Measure of Indication

7. What do you call the difference between the highest and smallest value in a given
data set?
A. Range B. Variance C. Mean D. Standard
Deviation

8. Which measure of variation indicates how closely the values of a given data set
are scattered around the mean?
A. Range B. Variance C. Mean D. Standard
Deviation

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DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

9. What does a large value of standard deviation mean?

A. The values in the data are centralized around the mean.

B. The values in the data are spread over a smaller range around the mean.
C. The values in the data are spread over a larger range around the mean.
D. The values in the data are clustered around the median.

10. What is the standard deviation of these scores: 80, 88, 92, 90, and 85?
A. 4.2 B. 4.4 C. 4.3 D. 4.0

11. What is the symbol for variance?

A. 𝜌 B. ∅ C. 𝜎 D. 𝜑

12. An examinee’s grade in a Language course has a mean of 75 and a standard

deviation of 5. What is the corresponding z score for the raw score of 90?
A. - 3 B. 3 C. 0 D. 4

13. What type of Statistics involves methods for organizing, summarizing,

analyzing and interpreting information or data?
A. Descriptive B. Inferential C. Sampling D. Hypothesis-
Testing

14. What statistical measure is the most appropriate to use to answer this
question: “What is the cut off score for the top 75% of the class?”?
A. Variance B. Range C. Interquartile D. Percentile

15. What is the mean of this set of data: 8, 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 5, 7, 4, 2?

A. 7 B. 5.9 C. 6.9 D. 8

24

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 References

● Nivera, G. C., & Lapinid, M. C. (2015b). Grade 10 Mathematics

Patterns and Practicalities. Don Bosco Press Inc. pp. 422 – 427

● Alferez, M. S., & Duro, M. C. (2006). MSA Statistics and Probability.

MSA Publishing House. Pp. 35 – 56

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 26

DISCIPLINE• GOOD TASTE• EXCELLENCE

 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Analene N. Fullido (SSSNHS)

Editors: John Anthony P. Santos (SNNHS) Melody F. Grimaldo (NHS)
Rosemarie P. Ortega (PHS) Dona G. Aquino (KNHS)
Tiburcio A. Aplacador (FHS) Wilfredo M. Junio (MNHS)
Language Editor: Ma. Lourdes A. Oreza, ASP II – SHS (CISSL)
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
Cover Illustrator and Layout Artist: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Layout Editor: Ferdinand B. Villegas (PHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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