Learning Plan for Statistics and Probablity 11 Lesson 14
Learning Plan for Statistics and Probablity 11 Lesson 14
LEARNING PLAN
OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, with at least 75% proficiency, the students are expected to be able to:
Illustrate a.) null hypothesis.
b.) alternative hypothesis
c.) level of significance
d.) rejection region
e.) types of errors in hypothesis testing.
PERFORMANC The learner is able to apply an appropriate random variable for a given real-life problem (such as in
E STANDARDS decision making and games of chance.
An alternative hypothesis is a statement that directly contradicts a null hypothesis by stating that
that the actual value of a population parameter is less than, greater than, or not equal to the value
stated in the null hypothesis
The alternative hypothesis will also determine the type of hypothesis testing will be conducted.
Below are the common phrases used in hypothesis testing that will guide you the correct symbol to
be used in formulating alternative hypothesis.
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> < ≠ =
greater than less than not equal equal to
above below
different
higher than lower than the same as
from
longer than smaller than changed not changed
from from
bigger than shorter than
not the same
decreased or is
increased reduced from ase as
Level of significance, or significance level, refers to a criterion of judgment upon which a decision
is made regarding the value stated in a null hypothesis. Its value is between 0 to 1 or between 0% to
100%.
The level of significance, denoted by the Greek letter alpha 𝜶, is a probability of rejecting a true null
hypothesis. In public health research, alpha is usually 0.01 or 1%. In social science, alpha𝛼is usually
0.05 or 5% and 0.10 or 10% in other studies. This implies that there is 1%, 5%, or 10% probability of
rejecting a true null hypothesis. Further, it implies that the result has 99%, 95%, or 90% chance of
being true, respectively.
𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 or
𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎
Furthermore, if the alternative hypothesis used ≠,
Critical region, also known as rejection region, is a range of values that corresponds to the rejection
of the null hypothesis. If the value of the test statistic is within the critical region, then the null
hypothesis is rejected. Otherwise, the null hypothesis is not rejected. This will be based on the
alternative hypothesis.
Critical values of the tests of hypotheses are the number or numbers that determine the rejection
region. Thus, critical region might be a single number or an interval.
C. Generalization/Value integration
1. Application
Practical Christine is a Grade 12 cookery student of La Paz National High School. In her
What have you learned in our discussion?
D. Agreement/Assignment
More exercises may be given.