Unit

30

3 It’s a cyberworld

Guess the words

A You are playing an online word scramble game. Play the game by unscrambling the words
in brackets. The first and last letter of each word is already provided.

Score: 0 Time left: 2.30

1 It’s a good idea to keep your personal details p rivat e (viper at) on
the Internet.

2 People who spend more than five hours a day online may have an Internet
a ddictio n (i tonic dad).

3 C ybercrim e (be crime cry) is one of the fastest growing types of

criminal activity.
4 Nelson updated his a ntiviru s (trivia sun) program to protect his
computer against threats.
5 Betsy felt s uspiciou s (soup i sic us) of her brother because he kept
going out late at night.

6 You have to be careful downloading files from the Internet, because they
may have a v iru s (ruv is) that harms your computer.

7 When people save their files to the c lou d (could), they can
access them from their laptop, phone or home computer.
8 Peter found that going to t herap y (art hype) was helpful for
overcoming his social media addiction.
9 Jenny is completely h ooke d (do hoke) on the video game. She
played it all day!
10 A lot of people jump on the b andwago n (on bag wand) of new mobile
applications, but some of these often lose popularity quickly.
11 A smartphone is a d evic e (iced ve) that can receive phone calls,
go online and run apps.
 Unit 3 31

Vocabulary building
Technology
Use these words to complete Activity A on page 58 of the Student’s Book.
posted switch on obsessed unfriended
friend phishing click depressed

B Your friend Nadia is having a problem with her computer. You are helping her email a
company for help. Complete the email using the most suitable words from the box to fill in
the blanks.
icons infected laptop malware
notification online selfies tablet

To: Computer SOS

From: Nadia Hu
Subject: Help!

Dear Computer SOS team,

I hope you can help me! I am using my small (1) tablet to write to you
because my (2) laptop , which I usually use, has a serious problem.

When I was surfing (3) online the other day, I found a website with lots of
fun games you could get for free. I downloaded one.
Soon afterwards, I noticed something strange. All the (4) icons on my
screen turned into images of skulls!
Then, I received a (5) notification for a new message. The message read, ‘We
(6) infected your computer with (7) malware . If you don’t send us
$7,000 within 24 hours, we will delete everything on your device.’
I don’t have $7,000, and I really don’t want to lose my
files! I have important documents, as well as lots of photos
(including some of my favourite (8) selfies )!

Your faithfully,

Nadia Hu
32 Advantage Vocabulary Book

Prefixes
We put prefixes after words to change their meanings. The following are some other
examples of prefixes.

Prefix Meaning Example

de- remove deactivate, deform, deconstruct
mis- bad, wrong misbehave, misunderstand, misspell
im- not, opposite impossible, impolite, impatient
multi- more than one, many multicoloured, multimedia, multipurpose

C You are writing a journal entry about an experience on Facebook. You wrote it quickly
and missed out the prefixes for some of the words. Complete the journal entry using the
prefixes from the above section and page 59 of the Student’s Book.

Home Blog Search Message

Dear journal,
So, today I found out I’m a bit more (1) insecure than I thought …
My friend took some nice photos of us wearing matching (2) multicoloured dresses and
posted them on Facebook. The other day I noticed that I couldn’t see them any more.
I couldn’t even go to her profile page!
‘She (3) unfriended me,’ I thought. ‘That’s very (4) impolite of her!’
I felt very (5) unhappy that my friend didn’t like me any more. I also started feeling a
bit (6) antisocial … I didn’t want to talk to anyone! It made me (7) rethink a lot of
my friendships!
Finally, I realized that I was acting quite (8) immature (I have a habit of
(9) overreacting to things). It’d be better to just call my friend and ask why she
(10) removed me from her social media account. Sitting at home complaining was
an (11) ineffective way of solving my problem.

And, of course, It turned out to be a huge (12) misunderstanding!

My friend (13) deactivated her Facebook account last week.

I felt completely (14) overjoyed to find out

that we were still friends. I never should have
(15) underestimated my friend!
 Unit 3 33

Prefixes in the HKDSE exam

In the HKDSE exam, you will encounter questions related to prefixes.

Refer to lines 18–22 of Text 2 on page 52 of the Student’s Book and answer the following
questions.
1 Use ONE word to complete the blank.
Amy Hong thought that her parents were too protective of her.
2 Find a word that means the same as ‘guessed not enough’.
underestimated

D Read the following text and answer the questions.

Toby was in maths class when her smartphone started making a dinging sound.
Her teacher Mr Cheung said, ‘You will have to retake this class if you keep this up!’
Toby apologized and put her phone on silent. It was very unusual for her to receive a lot of
notifications!
5 After class, she found her friend Mario waiting for her impatiently.
‘One of your selfies went viral!’ he exclaimed.
‘What? I must have misheard you …’ she said.
‘You accidentally caught a popular celebrity in the background of your photo!’

1 Use ONE word to complete each blank.

Mr Cheung tells Toby that she may have to take the maths class again.

2 Decide whether the following statements are True, False, or the information is
Not Given. Blacken ONE circle only for each statement.
T F NG
i) Toby usually gets a lot of notifications.
ii) Mario was not patient while he waited for Toby.

3 Find a word that means ‘heard incorrectly’. misheard

34 Advantage Vocabulary Book

Writing task support

Writing a letter of advice

How to deal with cyberbullying

Advice Reason/Explanation
Ask for help. The more people you ask for help, the more
advice you will get.
Take screenshots of the bullying. You can take these to an adult who may be in a
better position to take action.
Unfriend and block people who are bullying you. They won’t be able to continue the bullying.

Be careful who you add to your social network. Only add people you know and trust.
Then bullying will be less likely to happen.

How to deal with Internet addiction

Advice Reason/Explanation
Keep an Internet journal. Keeping track of the hours you spend on the
Internet will help you understand how serious the
problem is.
Join a club or activity. You will think about being online less often if
you are busy with other activities.
Download an Internet blocking app. You can block certain website or the entire
Internet for certain hours of the day.
See a therapist. There may be a cause for your Internet addiction
that your therapist can help you discover.
 Unit 3 35

How to prevent cybercrime

Advice Reason/Explanation
Choose strong passwords. Cybercriminals have a harder time figuring out
passwords with numbers and different characters
in them.
Always log out of websites. This will prevent cybercriminals from easily
accessing your personal information.
Always check the source of emails. Phishing scams look like they are from familiar
websites, but always double-check the links and
email address.
Don’t click unfamiliar links. Cybercriminals may try to download malware to
your computer.

How to deal with social media overuse

Advice Reason/Explanation
Have a limit. If you decide in advance how long you are going
to spend on social media, it will be easier to sign
off when your time is up.
Schedule in-person time with friends. Seeing your friends face-to-face helps reduce the
need to go on social media.
Turn off notifications on your phone. Receiving frequent notifications on your
smartphone makes you more likely to sign in to
social media sites many times per day.
Take breaks. To make sure you are not addicted, try spending
one week per month without using social media.
36 Advantage Vocabulary Book

Expanding your vocabulary

Getting grandma online

Grandma
last online time 12.30

Grandma: Now that I know about instant messaging, I’m ready for
my next lesson on the Internet! Let’s do it on my tablet.
I find the touch screen very easy to use.

Julie: Sure! Let me get it connected to Wi-Fi … All right, all set.
Now, open your browser.

Grandma: What does that do?

Julie: It just helps you navigate the Internet. Let’s check your
email first. Grandma! You have 200 messages in your inbox!

Grandma: But who would want to message me?

Julie: Ah, it’s mostly spam, trying to sell you things. It looks like
we need to set up an anti-spam filter to block these
annoying messages.
Grandma: Julie, can we look at the Twitter account you set up for me
last week? I liked posting those funny pictures!

Julie: Just type the address in the search bar.

Grandma: There we go. Now I’ll just sign in.

Oh my, look at all of these notifications.

Julie: Grandma, you have 200 new followers!

Grandma: How about that? I guess people liked my ‘twitterings’.

Julie: You mean your tweets. Do you want to scroll down the page and see if
there is anything interesting in your feed? Maybe some of the people you
follow have shared cool links of funny photos.

Grandma: Oh dear! It looks like the images on this page didn’t come up properly.
 Unit 3 37

Julie: Try refreshing the page.

There! Now the images loaded correctly.
Grandma: Why is there a little cartoon picture of an
old lady beside all my posts?

Julie: That’s your avatar. Don’t you like it? I thought it was cute …
You can change it, though. You can also change your
profile page to make it more personal.

Grandma: I’m still worried about staying safe online. What if

someone breaks into my account?

Julie: You mean a hacker? You should have really strong

passwords. You can also set up a firewall to protect
your home computer.

Grandma: How do big businesses deal with this?

Julie: Most of them encrypt their information

so that hackers can’t use it.

Grandma: That sounds very complicated! I have enough trouble putting

my phone in silent mode in the cinema … Actually, can we
download a film? I hear you can do that for free online!

Julie: Grandma! That’s illegal! It’s called piracy!

Grandma: Oops. Maybe I’d better stick to a simple

device, like my e-reader.

Julie: No way. You’ll be a technology wizard soon. I may

even get you a smartwatch for your birthday.

Grandma: Oh no! The tablet turned off!

Julie: Whoops. I guess it has a pretty short battery life.

Grandma: (sighs) I don’t know if I’ll ever get the hang of this.
38 Advantage Vocabulary Book

E Complete the following sentences using the words that match the meanings in the brackets.

avatar battery life e-reader encrypt

firewall navigate refresh scroll
search bar share spam touch screen

1 A
 n Internet addict may scroll (move displayed text or graphics in a
particular direction on a computer screen) through social media pages for hours at a time.
2 W
 hen you have a slow Internet connection, you sometimes need
to refresh (update the display on) the web page you are looking at.
3 M
 any people think the iPhone was the first smartphone with a touch screen
(a display device that allows users to interact with a computer by touching areas on the
screen), but it was actually the IBM Simon in 1993.
4 S ome people prefer to use a(n) avatar (an icon or figure representing a
particular person in a video game, Internet forum, etc.) instead of a real photograph for
chats and social media sites.
5 M
 r Wong set up a(n) firewall (a part of a computer system or network
which is designed to block unauthorized access) for his home network because he was
worried about cybercrime.
6 T
 im wanted to get the latest version of the smartphone because it had much
better battery life (the length of time the battery in a device can last).
7 T
 o find what you’re looking for online, simply type it into the search bar
(the area in a web browser or website where users can type search terms).
8 B
 lind people have special programs to help them navigate (move around
a website, the Internet, etc.) online.
9 It is important to be careful about what you share (post or repost
something on a social media website) on Facebook, as the information may not be true.
10 T
 he problem with giving your email address to different businesses is that you might
start getting a lot of spam (unwanted messages sent over the Internet,
usually to a lot of people, for the purpose of advertising, phishing or spreading malware).
11 A(n) e-reader (a handheld device on which electronic versions of books,
newspapers, magazines, etc. can be read) can hold thousands of books, so it is a great
device for travelling.
12 Governments usually encrypt (convert into a code, especially to prevent
unauthorized access) the data on their websites to prevent people from stealing the
information.
 Unit 3 39

F Complete the following sentences by matching the parts on the left with the parts on
the right. Put the correct letters in the blanks. The first one has been done for you as an
example.

1 Vicky wore a smartwatch n a because people download their music

without paying for it.

2 W
 i-Fi allows people to f b because there were so many emails in
connect their devices there!
3 Without an anti-spam filter, d c in class so that other students aren’t
bothered by your phone ringing.
4 It’s polite to put your c d  eople may get hundreds of unwanted
p
smartphone in silent mode emails.

5 H
 ackers often try to get into l e  fficient methods of communication,
e
online accounts but it can also be a distraction.
6 S ome of the most popular h f to the Internet without using a wire.
browsers include

7 Ian’s profile page m g y ou have to type your username and

password correctly.

8 I nstant messaging is one of e h  hrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer

C
the most and Safari.

9 P
 iracy is a big problem for a i  n social media if you are a popular
o
singers celebrity.

10 S ome days, Willy hated b j t here were a lot of posts about the
opening his inbox strange weather we had.

11 It’s not unusual to have i k files from the Internet, as they may
millions of followers contain viruses.

12 P
 eople should be careful k l s o that they can steal information or
when they download money.

13 In my social media feed j m gave details about his interests,

today favourite films and music.

14 In order to sign in to your g n on her wrist so that she could check
email account, the time and her email at once.
40 Advantage Vocabulary Book

Confusing words
Words with similar spellings
text (v.) (p. 52, line 19) test (n.)
to send somebody a written message using VS a short written or spoken examination of a person’s
a mobile phone proficiency or knowledge
addiction (n.) (p. 52, line 26) addition (n.)
the condition of being addicted to something VS the action or process of adding something to
something else
exception (n.) (p. 54, line 1) expectation (n.)
a person or thing that is not included in a general VS a strong belief that something will happen
statement
steal (v.) (p. 54, line 13) steel (n.)
to take something without permission VS a hard, strong grey or bluish-grey metal
phishing (n.) (p. 54, line 17) fishing (n.)
the activity of tricking people into giving away VS the activity of catching fish
their identity over the Internet or by email
click (v.) (p. 54, line 20) clique (n.)
to choose a particular function or item on VS a small close-knit group of people who do not
a computer screen readily allow others to join them
mutter (v.) (p. 56, line 28) matter (v.)
to speak or say something in a quiet voice that is VS to be important or have an important effect on
difficult to hear somebody/something
infect (v.) inspect (v.)
to make a computer virus spread to another VS to look at (someone or something) closely
computer or program

Same word, different meanings

tag (p. 50, line 4)
(v.) to add a link to various users’ profiles from a photo (n.) a label attached to someone or something for the
on a social media website purpose of identification or to give other information
icon (p. 50, line 19)
(n.) a small symbol on a computer or smartphone (n.) a person or thing seen as worthy of admiration
screen that represents a program or a file
contact (p. 50, line 25)
(n.) a person that you know (v.) to communicate with someone
zoom (p. 56, line 22)
(v.) to make details of a photograph on a screen larger (v.) to move or travel very quickly
 Unit 3 41

G Your cousin is starting an online games website. Help her complete an advertisement for
the website by underlining the correct words.

BlueSky
Games

Check out the new website BlueSky Games!

You will quickly develop an (1) addiction / addition to our fun games.
The great graphics will go beyond your (2) exceptions / expectations.

Try our most popular game, Big Pond, in which you can go
(3) phishing / fishing for colourful fish worth different amounts of points.
You can also (4) steal / steel fish from your friends’ boats.

Or try PuzzleTest. The difficult puzzles will make you (5) mutter / matter
to yourself. However, you’ll feel proud if you pass the (6) text / test!

Users who love fashion can try Style Shopper, in which you can
(7) zoom in / zoom around the virtual city on your motorcycle.
Your task is checking price (8) to tag / tags and finding the best deal
on fashionable outfits. The main goal of the game is to become a
(9) program icon / fashion icon for the lowest amount of money.

BlueSky Games is designed to be a social website. In the Friend Zone,

you can easily add (10) a contact / to contact. BlueSky Games is also
completely secure, so you don’t have to worry about a virus
(11) infecting / inspecting your computer.

So what are you waiting for? (12) Click / Clique this link now and sign up!
42 Advantage Vocabulary Book

Back to you
H Complete the following table using the words from the reading texts on pp. 50–56 of
the Student's Book as well as other words that you may already know. At least one word
from each row should come from the reading texts and the four words in each row should
share the same word family. The first row has been done for you as an example. Consult a
dictionary if necessary

Noun(s) Verb(s) Adjective(s) Adverb(s)

embarrassment embarrass embarrassing embarrassingly

increase increase increased increasingly

worry worry worrying worryingly

frustration frustrate frustrated frustratingly

 Unit 3 43

I To learn more about technology and to expand your vocabulary, read a text about
technology. While reading, note down the words that you do not understand. Look them
up in a dictionary and complete the following vocabulary log sheet.

Suggested websites:
http://www.bbc.com/news/technology
http://www.gizmodo.com

Part of
Word Definition Example sentence
Speech