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FAGT_433__MANUAL_T07

The document outlines the basics of harvesting, including its definition, principles, and methods such as hand harvesting, harvesting with hand tools, and machinery. It details the stages of the harvesting process, which include reaping, threshing, cleaning, hauling, field drying, stacking, and bagging. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of using advanced technology in harvesting to minimize waste and enhance crop quality and quantity.

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GLADYS MACHACUAY GARCIA
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8 views18 pages

FAGT_433__MANUAL_T07

The document outlines the basics of harvesting, including its definition, principles, and methods such as hand harvesting, harvesting with hand tools, and machinery. It details the stages of the harvesting process, which include reaping, threshing, cleaning, hauling, field drying, stacking, and bagging. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of using advanced technology in harvesting to minimize waste and enhance crop quality and quantity.

Uploaded by

GLADYS MACHACUAY GARCIA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AGROINDUSTRY

Main basics of harvesting

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Objective:

Identify the main basics of harvesting

• Definition of Harvesting

• Principles of Harvesting

• Methods of Harvesting:

➢ Hand Harvesting / Manual Harvesting


➢ Harvesting with Hand Tools
➢ Harvesting with Machinery

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Definition of Harvesting

Harvesting is the method of collecting a ripe crop


from the fields. It is carried out as soon as the plant
attains average maturity concerning the useful
requirement of seed, rhizomes, bulbs, tubers,
stems, leaves, stalk or others with minimum losses.

1. Depending on the position of good grains in


plants, harvesting is carried out with different
strategies. It may involve: cutting, digging, picking,
laying, gathering, curing and stacking.

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Definition of Harvesting

2. The term harvesting also generally includes the


immediate post-harvest practices such as threshing
and winnowing.

3. Threshing: Threshing is the methodology of


loosening the grains from the chaff after the crops
are harvested. It can be done by hand or by using a
machine to segregate all the grain seeds.

4. Winnowing: Winnowing is the methodology of


segregation of grain seeds from the chaff using the
help of the wind. Due to the wind, the lighter husks
flies away, and the heavier grains fall.
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Principles of Harvesting
There are a few principles followed by farmers while harvesting:

Slicing with a Sharp Smooth Edge

Tearing with a Rough Serrated Edge

Single Element with High-Velocity


Impact and Sharp or Dull Edges

Two Element Scissor Type or


Shearing Type Cutting

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Methods of Harvesting

There are three essential methods of cutting the crop or harvesting.

1. Hand Harvesting/Manual Harvesting:

Hand harvesting is a method of gathering grains,


fruits, vegetables, leaves, etc., by hand or
manually.

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Methods of Harvesting

2. Harvesting with Hand Tools

Farmers use a few tools to harvest the crops. Small sickle,


big sickle, darat, gandasa and a small axe, etc., are a few
examples of harvesting with hand tools.

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Methods of Harvesting

3. Harvesting with Machinery:

Machine harvesting is the act or process of harvesting


grains in large quantities by using modern harvesters.
A modern harvester can combine with other huge
machinery to cut and clean the grains at the same
time.

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Stages of Harvesting Process

1. Reaping:

Cutting down the mature panicles and straw


that are grown above the ground is called
reaping.

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Stages of Harvesting Process

2. Threshing:

Separating the food grains, such as paddy,


wheat, etc., from the rest of the cut crop is
called the process of threshing.

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Stages of Harvesting Process

3. Cleaning:

Cleaning is an important part of the


harvesting process, which mainly involves
how to remove dust, and immature and non-
grain particles from the edible food grains.

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Stages of Harvesting Process

4. Hauling:

Hauling is the last process or step in


harvesting. In this step, the food grains are
moved to the threshing location.

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Stages of Harvesting Process

5. Field Drying:

Field drying is an optional step. The field


drying method is to leave the cut crops in
the field and expose them to the sun for
drying. Drying helps to loosen the grains
from the raw grass.

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Stages of Harvesting Process

6. Stacking/Pilling:

Stacking is a method of storing the


harvested crops in stacks or piles.

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Stages of Harvesting Process

7. Bagging:

Bagging is the last stage in the harvesting


process. The threshed grains are left into
gunny bags for transport and storehouse
purposes.

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Harvesting
Conclusion

• Harvesting is the act of gathering the edible parts of


the plant after they approach the stage of maturity.

• Harvesting of crops is done using many tools and


types of machinery in the agricultural fields.

• The tools that are used while harvesting, such as


sickle, darat, gandasa, axe, etc., to harvest the crops
like paddy, wheat, maize, grass, etc.

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Harvesting
Conclusion

• Hand harvesting, harvesting with hand tools and


harvesting with machinery are the three
harvesting methods. Reaping, threshing,
cleaning and hauling are the four stages of
harvesting.

• The importance of harvesting crops by using


advanced technology reduces the wastage of
grains and increases in quality and quantity.

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Closing

Today we have identified the main basics of harvesting.

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