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The document outlines practical exercises for Linux system administration, covering topics such as the graphical user interface, command line basics, storage management, user and group management, firewall configuration, file sharing, and server setup. It includes step-by-step instructions for commands and configurations related to networking, backups, and services like NFS, Samba, FTP, DHCP, and mail servers. Additionally, it touches on scripting basics and web server configuration with Apache.

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Vimala Naikar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

lsa

The document outlines practical exercises for Linux system administration, covering topics such as the graphical user interface, command line basics, storage management, user and group management, firewall configuration, file sharing, and server setup. It includes step-by-step instructions for commands and configurations related to networking, backups, and services like NFS, Samba, FTP, DHCP, and mail servers. Additionally, it touches on scripting basics and web server configuration with Apache.

Uploaded by

Vimala Naikar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINUX SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR PRACTICAL

PRACTICAL NO :1 Graphical User Interface and Command


Line Interface and Processes
A) Exploring the Graphical Desktop

B) Basic Command
1.ifconfig
2. vim/vi :
Press i –> to write context
To quit and save – > esc :wq!

3. hostname :

4. chmod
First is symbolic mode
Second is octal mode

5. mkdir

6. a) ls

b) ls –a
7.cat
Cat > [filename]
 To save and quit =crl+d

 Concat 2 files and store in file

 View the context of file

8. Pwd

9. Man
To exit =q

10. Cal

11. History
12. Touch

13. cp

14. mkdir

15. mv

 rename the file using mv

16. rm

 Remove forcefully = with contect

17. head
18. tail

20. sort

 sort –n = by number

21. grep = to search the keyword in a context

 To search that donot match the pattern = -v


 To display the number line =-n

22. Runlevel

Practical No 2. Storage Devices and Links, Backup


and Repository
a) Mounting Unmounting Devices

1]To Mounting a Device


 Connect your Device(Say Pen drive) and insert it.
 To check in Virtual Machine, use ‘df’ command
b) Creating Links and Backups
Create a File using cat command : file Kitty .
 Create a Symbolic Link

 Checking the symbolic Link

 Creating HardLink of a File


 Delete and check the contents using hard link
b) Making a Backup
 Create a Tar File

 Go to check contents -> cd tmp , ls

 For testing -> [root@localhost tmp]#tar -tvf /tmp/etc.tar


 For Extracting
[root@localhost temp]# tar -xvf /tmp/etc.tar

c) Creating a Repository
 Create a Directory with the Name of ‘repo’ using ‘mkdir’ command

 For The Package Installing - > cd /media/RHEL_6.0\ i386\ Disc\ 1/Pakages/

 Copy the Contents into ‘repo folder’

 Creating own repository -> repo


 Working with yum

 cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo

 gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/repo.repo

 yum search nmap

Practical No 3: Working with RPMs Storage and


Networking
c) Configuring and Managing Storage
 Creating new partition

 Command to inform kernel about new partition


 Partition created

 informing hard disk

 Creating a directory
 Mount the partition in /etc/fstab

 unmounting created partition

 Command to inform kernel to delete partition


 Checking

C) Connecting to the Network


 Run setup command  [root@localhost Packages]#setup

Choose Network Configuration Choose Device Configuration

 Choose eth0
 Press space after coming to Use DHCP Configuration
Enter IP Address, Subnet Mask

 Use ifconfig command

Practical No 4. Working with Users, Groups, and


Permissions
 Adding user and changing password

 Deleting the user


 Making a normal user as a root user

 Changing the password policy for the Acting root user

 Lock and unlock password

 Adding Groups

Practical No 6. Firewall and Cryptographic services


a Securing Server with iptables
 List the current iptables

 Remove all iptables rules

 Change the default chain Policy to ACCEPT


 For incoming packets:-

 For outging packets:-

 For forward packets:-


 Change the default chain Policy to DROP
 For incoming packets:-

 For outging packets:-

 For forward packets:-

 Add drop rules For incoming packets:-


 For outing packets:-
 For forward packets:-

 Allow incoming ssh connections from specific IP address

 Iptables to reject incoming ssh connections


 Allow incoming ssh connection

 Allow outgoing ssh connection from a specific IP address

Allo
w outgoing ssh (ESTABLISHED state only) connection (for the corresponding incoming

 SSH connection request)


 Iptables to drop incoming ping requests
 Iptables to drop outgoing telnet connections

 Iptables to reject outgoing telnet connections


Practical No 7. Configuring Server for File Sharing
a) Configuring NFS Server and Client
 Setting Up NFS Server: Verify the package of NFS whether installed .

 Verify IP address of the linux machine to be set up as NFS Server:

 Make a directory to be exported , create few files into it and give it full
permission

 Open The configuration File and write the following lines under it:

and restart the nfs service.


 Stop the Firewalls and check the status whether it is stopped

 Showmount command shows you all shared directories in given IP address.


-----showmount -e 192.168.1.3
 As NFS Client make a directory /clientnfs and mount the server exported

directory on it.
 Try to create new dile in client side.

b) Configuring Samba
VmNet1 configuration

 Vmware configuration
 Go to Packages Folder, and install samba with rpm command
 To query whether samba packages installed
 Go to home directory, create folder tysamba
 Create files using touch or cat command

1. Also give this directory full permission.


2. Open the configuration file

On line 74 change MYGROUP-> workgroup

On line 79, change IP address as shown below

Go to the last line and edit the changes


 Start the samba services
 Use testparm command

 Block firewalls
 To give temporary read only permissions
 In this file home directory is off To make it on copy first line and paste with setsebool
command as follows
 Start and restart smb services

 Create a samba user and assign password


 Start and restart smb services
In windows, go to start-> run and type

Goto Windows Run Command Typeping192.168.1.3–t and Check whether reply

and response is working fine

Now to check whether files are been transferred from Samba to Windows Run- >\\192.168.1.3

c) Configuring FTP
 Verify the if all 5 packages vsftpd for FTP is installed :
Only 3

 If not installed do below command.

 All 5 nfs packages installed

 Now use following command to start vsftpd services at boot time using
chkconfig command.

 Verify IP address of linux machine to be configured as FTP.

 Open the configuration file and make the following changes:


1. Uncomment anonymous_enable=YES
2. Uncomment local_enable=YES
3. Uncomment anonymous_upload_enable=YES
4. Uncomment listen=YES and restart vsftpd service.
 Login with anonymous user. Now you can login with ftp192.168.36.129
We can use Username: anonymous and password for same is blank.
Here you can use ls–a command to view the content of ftp home
directory.

 Now allow ftp anonymous write enable


o setsebool–Pallow_ftp_annon_write on or=1
 Allow System user to get access to ftp server.
o setsebool–P ftp_home_dir on
 verify it

 By default /var/ftp is ftp user Home directory. Check the context offile
/var/ftp/pub and change to ftp

 Now go to pub directory and create one file.

 Restart the service of vsftpd and enable it from boot. Also give full
permission to the directory/var/ftp/pub.
 Now FTP is configure. Test as FTP client from other machine.
PRACTICAL NO 8: DNS, DHCP and Mail Server
a) DHCP
 First we have to check whether DHCP is available on our machine or
not that we can check with rpm command.

Go the Packages Folder and install dhcp

Check the hostname of the server

To assign IP to dhcp server DHCP server have a static IP address. First configure the IP
address192.168.1.3with netmask of 255.255.255.0 on server.

Right Click on network icon. Select Edit Connections

Select System eth0


Edit the Connections

select DHCP

To Restart the network,

Open The configuration File dhcpd.conf

Copy the files

Open the Configuration file

Change domain-name to vignesh.com and option-domain- name- server to server.vignesh.com


Uncomment Line 18

Comment line 27 and 28

Make the Change as shown Below

Save the File

Start dhcp service

stop Firewall
Stop dhcp server

To Create a Clone, we right click on the virtual machine, click Manage and then click Clone

Open Clone Machine

Right Click on Network Icon, Select Edit Connection, select system eth0

From clone Machine,


C. Setting Up a Mail Server
Install postfix

Configure to work at boot time

Edit the configuration file


Following changes needs to be done:

Restart postfix service

Stop the sendmail service


Compose mail

Login from Roman

Practical No 9. Web Server


a Configuring Apache on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Client side  Go to the clone and open browser and type http://ip add
Practical No 10. Shell Scripts
a Use of echo command, Use of comment, Using While loop, Using
For loop, GetUser Input, Using if statement, Using Case Statement.
Shell Script :
Execute the Script :

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