Best Handwritten Class Notes

Common Junior Engineer Exam- 2025

Civil Engineering

SUBJECT
HYDRAULICS (FLUID MECHANICS)
 Junior Engineer (Civil Engineering)

Chapter-1 Properties of Fluid

✏
Fluid as a continuum
Fluid properties: Density, Specific Gravity, Specific weight, Gravity,compressibility of gases, viscosity.
Effect of temperature & pressure on viscosity
Linearisation of Newton's Law of viscosity
Rheology
Surface Tension & Surface Energy
Wetting & Non-wetting liquids
Capillary effect

Chapter-2 Pressure & Its Measurement

✏
Different units of pressure
Different Types of pressure
Pressure at a point in static fluid
Pressure measurement devices
Conventional: Barometer, Piezometer, Sensitivity of manometer, U-tube manometer,
Single column manometer, Simple Differential manometer.
Modern: Bourdon Gauge, Strain Gauge, Transducer, Piezoelectric Transducer

Chapter-3
✏ Hydrostatic forces on Surface
Hydrostatic forces on planes (Horizontal, vertical and Inclined)
Center of pressure
Pressure Diagram
Archimedes principle
Buoyant Force and Centre of Buoyancy, Stability of submerged and floating bodies
Metacentre and Metacentric Height
Chapter-4 Fluid Kinematic
✏
Introduction
Lagrangian & Eulearian Methods
Different types of fluid flows: Steady flow, Uniform flow, Rotational flow,
Compressible flow, Laminar & Turbulent flow
Streamlines, equation of streamline, pathline and streakline
Acceleration of a fluid particle
Rotational Parameters: Angular velocity, Rate of shear strain, Vorticity, Circulation
Velocity potential function, equation of equipotential function line
Stream function, equation of equistream function line
Cauchy-Riemann equation, Flow net, Potential flows, Uniform flow, source, sink, vortex flow

Chapter-5
✏ Fluid Dynamics & Flow Measurement
Euler equation& Bernoulli's equation with all assumptions: Head form, Application of Bernoulli
equation for rotational and irrotational flows
Flow measurement devices: Venturimeter [with different pressure measurement devices],
Orificemeter, Pitot tube
Flow through orifice: Experimental determination of Cv,Cc & Cd
Notches & Weir

Chapter-6 Flow Through Pipes

✏
Introduction , Head losses: Major Head Loss, Minor Head loss
Major Head Loss: Darcy Weisbach equation, Chezy's formula
Minor Head Loss: Due to sudden expansion, At the exit of pipe, Due to sudden contraction,
At the entrance of pipe, Due to pipe bend
Various connection in pipelines: Series connections, Parallel connections, Equivalent pipe theory
Various Energy lines: Total Energy line, Hydraulic Grade line
Water Hammer

Chapter-7
✏ Laminar & Turbulent Flow and Dimensional Analysis
Introduction
Laminar flow between two parallel plates, Laminar flow through pipe
Introduction of Turbulent flow
Shear stresses in turbulent flow, Bouusinesq’s theory, Reynold's theory, Prandtl's mixing length theory
Dimensional Numbers (Reynolds, Fraude,Euler,Mach and Weber numbers)

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Chapter-1 Properties of Fluid

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CHAPTER-1
PRADEEP SIR’S CLASSES
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Chapter-2 Pressure & It’s Measurement