Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
RTESIT - 2019 Conference Proceedings

Modelling and Analysis of a Multi Machine

Power System using MATLAB/Simulink
Rumana Ali Anser Pasha C A
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Mechatronics Department of Information Science & Engg.
Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering, Moodbidri Yenepoya Institute of Technology, Moodbidri.

Abstract – “Transient stability is the ability of the power system transient stability study of a multi-machine power system was
to maintain synchronism when subjected to sever transient developed using Simulink. It is basically a transfer function
disturbance” [1]. This article involves the modelling and and block diagram representation of the system equations. The
investigation of the synchronous machine through the angular major objectives are:
position of the rotor with respect to time after a fault occurs in ➢ To determine whether the system is stable or unstable
the system. The article presents analysis of the test system which
includes multimachine power systems. The transient stability
with a critical clearing time for a three-phase fault.
analysis of the multi machine system is analysed with the help of ➢ To analyze the effect of fault location and critical
MATLAB R2013a. clearing time on the system stability, a three-phase
fault is located at two different locations.
I. INTRODUCTION ➢ Disturbances for preventing the serious power
The transient stability studies involve the determination of disruptions.
whether or not synchronism is maintained after the machine o Increasing value of H
has been subjected to severe disturbance. This may be sudden o Increasing voltage set point and
application of load, loss of generation, loss of large load, or a o Decreasing mechanical input power.
fault on the system. Transient stability is the ability of the .
power system to maintain synchronism when subjected to
II. SYSTEM MODELING
sever transient disturbance [1]. The response to this type of
disturbance involves large excursions of rotor angles and is The complete system has been represented in terms of
influenced by nonlinear power-angle relationship. Stability Simulink blocks in a single integral model. It is self-
depends on the initial operating state of the system and the explanatory with the mathematical model given below. One of
severity of the disturbance. The system usually altered after the the most important features of a model in Simulink is its
disturbance which may cause the system to operate in a tremendous interactive capacity. It makes the display of a
different steady-state status from that prior the disturbance. signal at any point readily available; all one has to do is to add
a Scope block or, alternatively, an output port. Giving a
feedback signal is also as easy as drawing a line. A parameter
within any block can be controlled from a MatLab command
line or through an m-file program. This is particularly useful
for a transient stability study as the power system
configurations differ before, during and after fault.

A. Changing Generator Inertia Constants, H

Inertia constant H is defined as the ratio of kinetic energy at

rated speed to rated apparent power of the machine.

stored energy in megajoules

H= (1)
rating in MVA

Inertia constant H simply quantifies the kinetic energy of the

Fig 1. WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus system
rotor at the synchronous speed in terms of the number of
seconds it would take for the generator to provide an
Power systems are designed to be stable for a selected set of equivalent amount of electrical energy when operating at a
contingencies. The contingencies usually considered are short- power output equal to its MVA rating [6].With the
circuits of different types: phase-to-ground, phase-to phase-to- transmission line open, and with D = 0, the swing equation
ground, or three-phase [2]. Fig.1 depicts the standard 9-Bus becomes:
system considered for the analysis. A complete model for

Volume 7, Issue 08 Published by, www.ijert.org 1

 Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
RTESIT - 2019 Conference Proceedings

πf
δ̈ (t)= o PM0 (2)
H

The machine inertia constant H plays an important

role in stability assessment. By increasing H the system
stability can be improved. From the equation perspective,
equation (2) indicates that enhancing H would reduce the rotor
acceleration and therefore help in the stability of the machine.

B. Generator Voltage Set points

IEa IIVI V2 1 1
sin δ+ ( − ) sin 2δ (3)
XL +Xd 2 XL +Xq XL +Xd

Increasing generator voltage set point enhances the Fig 2: Angular positions of the individual generators
system stability. Equation (3) shows that decreasing |Ea| would
lower the generator real power output curve and therefore
reduce the deceleration area in the equal area criterion
diagram.

C. Generator Real Power Output

Increasing generator real power output enhances the system
transient stability. In steady state condition.
PG (δo ) = PM0 (4)
As a result, setting up generator real power output in
pre-fault period settle the value for PM0 .From the equal area
criterion it is noted that increasing PM0 would decrease the
deceleration area and reduce the stability. To improve the
power system stability after disturbance, it is required to either
decrease the fault clearing time, mechanical input power, or
Fig.3: Relative angular positions of 𝛿21 and 𝛿31
increase the generator inertia constants H, terminal voltage,
and armature voltage.

III. SIMULATION RESULTS.

The system is simulated using power system tool box of

MATLAB with a fault clearing time of 0.1s. The angular
positions, relative angular positions and relative angular
velocities of generators is depicted in Fig 2-4. Fig.5 shows the
accelerating powers of the generators Table 1 shows the
summary of the transient stability analysis of IEEE 14-bus
power system under three phase fault at selected buses and
lines.

Fig 4: Relative angular velocities of 𝜔12 and 𝜔13

Volume 7, Issue 08 Published by, www.ijert.org 2

Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
RTESIT - 2019 Conference Proceedings

Fig. 7 shows the response with change in Generator Voltage

Set points. It is observed that the system gives significant
stability response with generator 1’s voltage set points from
1.0 to 0.95.

Fig 5: Generator accelerating powers

Table 1: Summary of IEEE 14-Bus Fault Analysis

Sl. Faulte Remove Critical Clear Remarks
No d Bus d Faulty Clearin ing (a)
No Line g Time Time
1 11 6-11 0.33 0.3 Stable
2 11 6-11 0.33 0.33 Unstable

Fig.6 shows the response of the machine for change in inertia

constant from 5.148 to 3, it is observed in that the response
improve as the inertia constant is increased from 5.148 to 7.

(b)
Fig 7 : Responses with Change in Voltage Set Point
(a)Decrease in Set Point (b) Increase in Set Point

Fig. 8 shows the responses with real power output. .It is noted
that the system remains stable and has better performance
when its subjected to higher real power output.
(a)

(b)
(a)
Fig 6: Response with Change in Inertia Constant H
(a)Decrease in H (b) Increase in H

Volume 7, Issue 08 Published by, www.ijert.org 3

Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
RTESIT - 2019 Conference Proceedings

[9] A. Arapostathis, 5. Sastry, and P. Varaiya, “Analysis of powerflow

equation,” Electrical Energy Power Syst., vol. 3, no. 3, pp.
[10] T. Athay, V. R. Sherket, R. Podmore, S. Virmani, and C. Puech,
“Transient energy stability analysis,” in Proc. Conf. on System
Engineering for Power: Emergency Operating State Control-
Section /V (Davos, Switzerland, 1979).
[11] T. Athay, R. Posmore, and S. Virmani, “A practical method for
direct analysis of transient stability,’’ /€€E Trans. Power App.
Syst., vol. PAS-%, no. 2, pp. 573-584, Mar./Apr. 1979.
[12] P. D. Aylett, ”The energy-integral criterion of transient stability
limits of power systems,” Proc. Inst. Elec. fng. (London),
[13] 1. Bailleul and C. I. Byrnes, ”Geometric critical point analysis of
lossless power system models,” /E€€ Trans. Circuits Syst., vol.
CAS-29, no. 11, pp. 724-737, Nov. 1982.
[14] Berggren, B. and Andersson, G. (1993). On the nature of unstable
equilibrium points in power systems. Power Systems, IEEE
Transactions on, 8(2), pp738–745.

(b)
Fig 8: Responses with Change in Real Power output
(a)Decrease in Real Power output (b) Increase in Real Power output

IV. CONCLUSIONS

Transient stability problems are significant areas including the

sustained synchronism of a particular generators after a severe
disturbance such as fault. During the analysis Synchronism is
retained at a steady state condition after the transient period.
Transient stability analysis of IEEE 14-bus electrical power
system and WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus system are performed &
is found that the critical clearing time t ccr for the fault on the
line far from the generating station fault is higher as compared
to that of the fault on the closer to the generating station which
is station .It is analysed in a way that the fault is cleared which
is closer to the generating station is cleared first than that is far
from the generating station. It can be noticed that transient
stability of multimachine systems can improved by increasing
value of H, increasing voltage set point and decreasing
mechanical input power. Typically, for a transient stability
study the model facilitates fast and precise solution of
nonlinear differential equations namely the swing equation.
The modeling and analysis of a multimachine system greatly
improves the stability of a system.

REFERENCES
[1] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, EPRI Power
System Engineering Series.(Mc Graw-Hill, New York, 1994).
[2] I. J. Nagrath and D. P. Kothari, Power System Engineering (Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1994).
[3] W. Long et al., ‘EMTP a powerful tool for analyzing power system
transients’, IEEE Computer. Appl.Power, 3 (July 1990), pp 36–41.
[4] L. W. Nagel, ‘SPICE 2 – A computer program to simulate
semiconductor circuits’, University of California, Berkeley,
Memo. ERL-M520, 1975.
[5] Louis-A Dessaint et al., ‘Power system simulation tool based on
Simulink’, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 46 (6) (1999),
pp.1252–1254.
[6] Simulink User’s Guide (The Math works, Natick, MA, 1999).
[7] Hadi Sadat, Power System Analysis (McGraw-Hill, New York,
1999).
[8] Power System Block set User’s Guide (The Math works, Natick,
MA, 1998).

Volume 7, Issue 08 Published by, www.ijert.org 4