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Class12 Physics Formulas

This document is a Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet that outlines key formulas across various topics including Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, Modern Physics, and Semiconductor Devices. Each section provides essential equations and principles relevant to the subject matter. It serves as a quick reference for students studying physics at the Class 12 level.

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11 views

Class12 Physics Formulas

This document is a Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet that outlines key formulas across various topics including Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, Modern Physics, and Semiconductor Devices. Each section provides essential equations and principles relevant to the subject matter. It serves as a quick reference for students studying physics at the Class 12 level.

Uploaded by

abhisheknarayanmahato6557
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

1. Electrostatics
- Coulomb's Law: F = k (q1 q2) / r^2
- Electric Field: E = F / q = k Q / r^2
- Electric Potential: V = k Q / r
- Electric Potential Energy: U = k (q1 q2) / r
- Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor: C = e0 A / d
- Energy Stored in a Capacitor: U = (1/2) C V^2

2. Current Electricity
- Ohm's Law: V = IR
- Resistance in Series & Parallel:
- Series: Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
- Parallel: 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...
- Power in Electric Circuit: P = VI = I^2 R = V^2 / R
- Kirchhoff's Laws:
- Junction Rule: Sum I = 0
- Loop Rule: Sum V = 0

3. Magnetism & Moving Charges


- Magnetic Force on a Charge: F = q (v × B) = q v B sin(theta)
- Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire: F = B I L sin(theta)
- Torque on a Current Loop: T = B I A sin(theta)
- Magnetic Field due to a Long Straight Wire: B = (?0 I) / (2 pi r)
- Magnetic Field at the Center of a Circular Loop: B = (?0 I) / (2 R)

4. Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Currents


- Faraday's Law: E = - d(phi) / dt
- Induced EMF in a Moving Conductor: E = B L v sin(theta)
- Self-Inductance: E = -L dI/dt
- Energy Stored in an Inductor: U = (1/2) L I^2
- Impedance in AC Circuits: Z = sqrt(R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2)
- X_L = omega L, X_C = 1 / (omega C)

5. Optics
- Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
- Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
- Magnification:
- Mirrors: m = -v/u
- Lenses: m = h2/h1 = v/u
- Power of a Lens: P = 100 / f (in cm)
- Young's Double Slit Experiment: y = (D lambda) / d
- Diffraction: theta = 1.22 lambda / D

6. Modern Physics
- Photoelectric Equation: Kmax = h f - phi
- De Broglie Wavelength: lambda = h / p = h / (m v)
- Einstein's Mass-Energy Relation: E = mc^2
- Bohr's Quantization Condition: m v r = n h / (2 pi)
- Radius of nth Orbit (Bohr Model): r_n = (n^2 h^2) / (4 pi^2 m k e^2)

7. Semiconductor Devices
- Diode Current Equation: I = I0 (e^(qV/kT) - 1)
- Logic Gates Basic Equations:
- AND Gate: Y = A . B
- OR Gate: Y = A + B
- NOT Gate: Y = NOT A

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