1.

B. Short/Long Ans Questions

Question 1.
Define the term density of a substance.
Answer:
Density of a substance is defined as “Mass per Unit volume”.

Question 2.
Name the S.I. unit of density. How is it related to g Cm -3 ?
Answer:
S.I. unit of density is kg M-3 In C.GS. system unit of mass is g and unit of volume is
Cm3, so CGS unit of density is g Cm-3 (gram per cubic centimetre)
Relationship between S.I. and C.GS. units

Question 3.
The density of brass is 8.4 g cm-3. What do you mean by this statement ?
Answer:
This statement meAns one cubic centimetre volume of brass has mass of 8.4 g.

Question 4.
Arrange the following substances in order of their increasing density:
Iron, Cork, Brass, Water, Mercury.
Answer:
Cork, Water, Iron, Brass, Mercury.

Question 5.
How does the density of a liquid (or gas) vary with temperature?
Answer:
Most of the liquids increase in volume with increase in temperature, but water
shows anomalous behaviour. Water has maximum volume at 4°C and maximum
density at 4°C.
Actually, when volume increases density decreases and when volume decreases
the density increases.
But water when cooled from a high temperature, contracts upto 4°C because
volume decreases and expands when cooled further below 4°C and hence density
of water increases when it is cooled upto 4°C while decreases when cooled
further below 4°C. In other words, the density of water is maximum at 4°C equal
to 1 g Cm-3 or lOOO kg m-3.

Question 6.
A given quantity of a liquid is heated. Which of the following quantity will vary
and how ?
(a) mass, (b) volume and (c) density
Answer:
When a given quantity of liquid is heated
(a) Mass : does not change.
(b) Volume: changes and increases with rise in temperature.
(c) Density : Changes and decreases.
Density = Mass / volume

Question 7.
Describe an experiment to determine the density of the material of a coin.
Answer:
Density = Mass / volume
To find the density of the material of a coin, we need to find its (i) mass—by
common beam balance and (ii) Its volume by measuring cylinder.
Measure the mass of coin.
EXPERIMENT – Let the mass of coin shown by beam balance = M (gram) = 50 g
(ray)
Measure the vol. of coin.
Initial volume of water = V1 = 40 ml (say)
Final volume of water
When coin is added in the cylinder=V2 = 50 ml (say)
Then vol. of coin = V2 – V1 = 50 – 40 = 10 ml

Question 8.
Describe an experiment to determine the density of a liquid.
Answer:
To determine the density of a liquid D = M / V
We need to find (i) the vol. of liquid say milk, (ii) mass of liquid.
EXPERIMENT:
(i) To find the mass of milk:
wt. of empty 100 c.c beaker = M1 g = 70 g (say)
Fill the beaker (half) with milk and weigh again=M 2 g = 116 g (say)
(ii) To find the vol. of milk:
TrAnsfer this milk into measuring cylinder and note the volume V = 40 c.c (say)
Question 9.
What is a density bottle ? How is it used to find the density of a liquid ?
Answer:
DENSITY bottle is a small glass bottle having a glass stopper at its neck. The
bottle can store a fixed volume of a liquid. Generally the volume of bottle is 25 ml
or 50 ml. Stopper has a narrow hole through it. When bottle is filled with liquid
and stopper is inserted, THE EXCESS LIQUID RISES THROUGH THE HOLE and
drains out. Thus the bottle will contain the same volume of liquid each time when
it is filled. It is used to determine the density of a liquid.

Question 10.
Define the term relative density of a substance.
Answer:
RELATIVE DENSITY: “is the ratio of density of a substance to the density of water
at 4° C.”
Or
RELATIVE DENSITY “is theratio of mass of the substance to the mass of an equal
volume of water at 4° C.”

Question 11.
What is the unit of relative density ?
Answer:
UNIT OF RELATIVE DENSITY: No units since it is a pure ratio.

Question 12.
Distinguish between density and relative density.
Answer:

Question 13.
Explain the meaning of the statement ‘relative density of aluminium is 2.7’ ?
Answer:
The statement ‘Relative density of aluminium is 2.7’ meAns .
A piece of aluminium of any volume has mass 2.7 times that of an equal volume
of water.
i.e. Aluminium is 2.7 times heavier than water.

Question 14.
How does the density of a body and that of a liquid determine whether the body
will float or sink into that liquid ?
Answer:
If the density of a body is LESS than the density of LIQUID, the body will FLOAT
on the surface of liquid.
If the density of a body is MORE than the density of liquid, the body will SINK in a
liquid.

Question 15.
A cork piece floats on water surface while an iron nail sinks in it. Explain the
reason.
Answer:
CORK floats on water meAns density of cork is LESS than density of water.
IRON nail: Sinks in water meAns density of iron nail is MORE than density of
water.

Question 16.
Which of the following will sink or float on water ? (Densityof water = 1 g Cm-3)
(a) body A having density 500 kg m-3
(b) body B having density 2520 kg m-3
(c) body C having density 1100 kg m-3
(d) body D having density 0.85 g m-3
Answer:
Density of water = 1 g Cm-3
(a) Density of body A = 500 kg m-3 = 500 × = 0.5 = 0.5 g Cm-3
Density of body A ¡s less than density of water hence A will float on water
(b) Density of body B = 2520 kg m-3 = 2520 × 1/1000 = 2.52 g Cm-3
Density of body B is more than density of water and hence B will SiNK in water
(c) Density of body C = 1100kg m-3 = 1100 × 1/1000 = 1.1 g Cm-3
is greater than water.
Hence, body C will sink in water.
(d) Density of body D = 0.85 g Cm-3 < 1.0 g Cm-3
Density of body D is less than the density of water hence body D will FLOAT on
water
Question 17.
What is the iaw of floatation ?
Answer:
When a body floats in a liquid, the weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed
part is equal to the total weight of the body. This is the law of floatation, i.e. while
floating. Weight of the floating body = Weight of the liquid displaced by its
immersed part.

Question 18.
The density of water is 1.0 g Cm-3. The density of iron is 7.8 × 10″3 g Cm-3. The
density of mercury is 13.6 g Cm-3.
Ans the following:
(a) Will a piece of iron float or sink in water ?
(b) Will a piece of iron float or sink in mercury ?
Answer:
Density of water 1.0 g Cm-3
(a) Density of piece of iron = 7.8 × 10-3 g Cm-3

∴ Density of piece of iron is LESS than density of water.

Question 19.
The diagram given below show a body floating in three different liquids. A, B and
C at different levels.
(a) In which liquid does the body experience the greatest buoyant force ?
(b) Which liquid has the least density ?
(c) Which liquid has the highest density ?
Answer:
(a) Buoyant force is same in each case as the wt. of body is same in each case and
Buoyant force is equal to the weight of liquid displaced by the immersed part of
body which balances the wt. of body.
(b) The liquid A has the least density as body immerses the maximum.
(c) Liquid C has the highest density as the body immerses the least.

Question 20.
For a floating body, how is its weight related to the buoyant force ?
Answer:
When a body floats in a liquid. The weight of the liquid displaced by its immersed
part is equal to the total weight of the body.

Question 21.
Why does a piece of ice float on water ?
Answer:
FLOATATION OF ICE ON WATER : Density of 0.9 g Cm -3 is less than density of
water 1 g Cm-3. Hence, ice floats on water.
Question 22.
Explain why an iron needle sinks in water, but a ship made of iron floats on water.
Answer:
Density of iron is more than density of water, ∴ weight of iron nail is more than
wt. of water displaced by it and nail SINKS. While shape of iron ship is made in
such a way that it displaces MORE WEIGHT OF WATER than its own weight.
Secondly the ship is HOLLOW and THE EMPTY SPACE contains AIR which makes
the AVERAGE DENSITY OF SHIP LESS THAN THAT OF WATER and hence ship
floats on water.

Question 23.
It is easier to swim in sea water than in river water. Explain the reason.
Answer:
Density of sea water is greater than density of river water, [because of impurities]
(i) In each case the weight of water displaced will be equal to the weight of the
man.
∴ Ratio of weight of sea water and river water displaced by man is 1: 1.
(ii) With smaller portion of man’s body submerged in sea water, the wt. of sea
water displaced is equal to the total weight of body. While to displace the same
weight of river water, a larger portion of the body will have to be submerged ¡n
water.
∴ It is easier for man to swim in sea water.

Question 24.
Icebergs floating on sea water are dangerous for ships. Explain the reason.
Answer:
ICEBERGS are very dangerous for ships as ICEBERGS are huge masses of ice
floating in sea [density of ice being 0.917 g Cm -3]
with about 9/10 portion below water and only 1/10 portion of it above surface of
water.

Question 25.
Explain why it is easier to lift a stone under water than in air.
Answer:
In water, the stone experience a buoyant force which counter balances the weight
of the stone acting downward and this makes the stone lighter and thus easier to
lift the stone in water.
Question 26.
What is a submarine ? How can it be made to’dive in water and come to the
surface of water.
Answer:
SUBMARINE: Submarine is a water-tight boat which can travel under water like a
ship. It is providgd with water tanks. When submarine is to dive, water is filled in
water tanks and it is made heavier and average density of submarine becomes
greater than the density of sea water and it sinks. To make the submarine rise to
the surface of water, water tanks are emptied and average density.of submarine
becomes less than the density of sea water and it rises to surface of water.

While submarine is underwater soldiers can see the enemy activities through
periscope.

Question 27.
A balloon filled with hydrogen rises in air. Explain the reason.
Answer:
A balloon filled with hydrogen rises to a certain height as it displaces more wt. of
air than wt. of balloon but as it rises higher density of air DECREASES there and
upthrust becomes less and ultimately upthrust becomes equal to the weight of
balloon and balloon stops rising further.

C. Numericals

Question 1.
The density of air is 1.28 g/Iitre. Express it in:
(a) g cm3 (b) kg m
Answer:
(a) The density of air is I .28g/litre

Question 2.
The dimensions of a hail are 10 m × 7 m × 5 m. If the density of air is 1.11 kg m -3,
find the mãss of air in the hail.
Answer:
The dimensions of hall 10m × 7m × 5m
i.e. V350 m3
Density of air(D)= 1.11 kg m-3
M = V × D 350 × 1.11 =388.5 kg

Question 3.
The density of aluminium is 2.7 g cm3. Express it in kg m -3
Answer:
Density of aluminium = 2.7 g/Cm3

Question 4.
The density of alcohol is 600 kg m-3. Express it in g Cm-3.
Answer:
Density of alcohol is = 600 kg/m-3

Question 5.
A piece of zinc of mass 438.6 g has a volume of 86 Cm3. Calculate the density of
zinc.
Answer:
Mass of Zinc (M) = 438.6 g
Volume V = 86 Cm3
Density (D) = ?

Question 6.
A piece of wood of mass 150 g has a volume of 200 Cm 3. Find the density of
wood ¡n
(a) C.GS. unit, (b) S.l. unit
Answer:
(a) Mass of wood (M) = 150 g
Volume of wood (V) = 200 Cm3
Density (D) =?

(b) In S.I. system = 0.75 × 1000 750 kg/ m3

Question 7.
Calculate the volume of wood of mass 6000 kg if the density of wood is 0.8 g Cm -
3

Answer:
Volume of wood (V) = ?
Mass of wood (M) = 6000 kg
Density of wood D = 0.8 g/ Cm3
D=O.8g/Cm3=o.8 × IOOO = 800kg /m3

Question 8.
Calculate the density of solid from the following data :
(a) Mass of solid = 72 g
(b) Initial volume of water in measuring cylinder = 24 ml
(c) Final volume of water when solid is completely immersed in water = 42 ml
Answer:
Mass of solid (M) = 72 g
Intial volume of water V1 = 24 ml
Final volume of water V2 = 42 ml
Volume of solid (V) = V2 – V1 = 42 – 24 = 18 Cm3
Density of solid (D) = ?

Question 9.
The mass of an empty density bottle is 21.8 g, when filled completely with water
is 41.8 g and when filled completely with liquid it is 40.6 g. Find :
(a) the volume of density bottle
(b) the relative density of liquid
Answer:
Density of water is 1 g Cm3
∴ Volume of density bottle = weight of water in grams completely filling the
bottle
(a) Volume of density bottle:
Mass of empty density bottle = M1 =21.8 g
Mass of bottle + water = M2 41.8 g
∴ Mass of water completely fih1ig the density bottle = M2 — M1
=41.8 —21.8
20g
But 1 g of water has volume = 1 cc
∴ Volume of bottle (density bottle) = volume of water =20 c.c. =20 ml
(b) The relative density of liquid:
Mass of 20 c.c. of liquid = (mass of density bottle + mass of 20 c.c of liquid- mass
of density bottle)
= 40.6—21.8
= 18.8 g
Mass of 20 C.C of water = 20g
Relative density of liquid
Question 10.
From the following observations, calculate the density and relative density of a
brine solution. Mass of empty density
bottle = 22 g
Mass of bottle + water = 50 g
Mass of bottle + brine solution = 54 g

Answer:
Mass of empty bottle, M1 = 22 g
Mass of bottle + water, M2 =50 g
Mass of bottle + brine solution, M3 =54 g
Mass of water = M2 — M1 =50—22=28 g
Mass of brine solution = M3 — M1 54—22 = 32 g
Density of brine solution = Mass of brine solution / Mass of water

Question 11.
The mass of an empty density bottlfe is 30 g, it is 75 g when filled completely
with water and 65 g when filled completely with a liquid. Find :
(a) volume of density bottle,
(b) density of liquid, and
(c) relative density of liquid.
Answer:
Mass of empty density bottle (M1) =30 g
Mass of bottle + Water (M2) 75 g
Mass of liquid + Liquidx (M3)= 65 g
Mass ofwater=M2—M1=75—30=45 g
(a) Volume of density bottle = Mass of water 45 g
(b) Density of Iiquid x = ?
(c) Mass of water in the density bottle =75 — 30 = 45 g
∴ Volume of water in density bottle = 45 cc
and mass of equal volume of liquid in density bottle 65—30 = 35g