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Chapter-3.-Resultant-of-Concurrent-Force-Systems

The document discusses methods for determining the resultant of three or more concurrent forces, emphasizing both graphical and analytical approaches. Graphically, vectors can be added using the parallelogram or triangle methods, while analytically, forces can be resolved into components along chosen axes. It also includes illustrative problems and references for further reading.

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anonymousbatman45
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13 views

Chapter-3.-Resultant-of-Concurrent-Force-Systems

The document discusses methods for determining the resultant of three or more concurrent forces, emphasizing both graphical and analytical approaches. Graphically, vectors can be added using the parallelogram or triangle methods, while analytically, forces can be resolved into components along chosen axes. It also includes illustrative problems and references for further reading.

Uploaded by

anonymousbatman45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.3 Resultant of Three or More Concurrent Forces

The determination of the resultant of three or more concurrent forces that


are not collinear requires determining the summation of the forces.

Two (2) ways in adding three of more force vectors:

1. Graphically – Two vectors can be added to give a resultant; this resultant


in turn can be added to a third vector etc., until all the vectors have been added
together to give an overall resultant. These vectors can be added in any order.

If the parallelogram method of force vector addition is used, forces P and F


maybe combined to give a resultant of R’. This R’ may be combined again by the
parallelogram method to add to vector Q to give the final resultant R.

The same resultant can be more easily obtained by the application of the
triangle law, simply by adding the vectors tip-to-tail. Observe that R’ is the third side
of the triangle formed between vectors P and F. The initial resultant R’ is again
added to vector Q and the final resultant is drawn by connecting the tail of the first
vector to the tip of the last vector. This can also be employed by adding the vectors
in any order.

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


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From the given concurrent forces, resultant can be determined by addition
of force vectors tip-to-tail

2. Analytically – The vectors can be resolved into components that coincide


with arbitrarily chosen axes. The components of each vector with respect to these
axes can be added algebraically, and the resulting additions will be the components
of the overall resultant vector.

Denoting such algebraic summations of the components of the forces by ΣX


and ΣY respectively, we have
𝑅𝑥 = 𝛴𝑋
𝑅𝑦 = 𝛴𝑌

By applying the Pythagorean Theorem, we can now determine the


magnitude and inclination of the resultant

𝑅 = √(𝛴𝑋)2 + (𝛴𝑌)2
𝛴𝑌
tan Ɵ𝑥 = 𝛴𝑋

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


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Illustrative Problems:
1. Determine completely the resultant of the concurrent force system shown in
the figure.

Solution:
To completely define the resultant of the concurrent force systems, we need
to determine the magnitude, position of its line of action and its direction. The
equivalent components of the forces need be calculated.
Assuming components of forces to the right and upward as positive while
forces downward and to the left as negative.

𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 cos Ɵ = 200 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 20𝑂 ) = 187.94 𝑁


𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 sin Ɵ = 200 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 20𝑂 ) = 68.40 𝑁

𝑃𝑥 = 𝑃 cos Ɵ = 300 (𝑐𝑜𝑠60𝑂 ) = − 150 𝑁


𝑃𝑦 = 𝑃 sin Ɵ = 300 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 60𝑂 ) = 259.81 𝑁
Apply the definition of sine and
cosine functions
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑆 = −400 𝑁
𝑆𝑦 = 0

𝑄𝑥 = 𝑄 cos Ɵ = 100 (𝑐𝑜𝑠40𝑂 ) = 76.60 𝑁


𝑄𝑦 = 𝑄 sin Ɵ = 100 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 40𝑂 ) = −64.28 𝑁

1 1 Get the hypotenuse of the slope and


𝑇𝑥 = 𝑇= (250) = − 111.80 𝑁 apply similar triangles
√5 √5
2 2 √(1)2 + (2)2 = √5
𝑇𝑦 = 𝑇= (250) = − 223.61 𝑁
√5 √5

Compute the value of the 𝑅𝑥 = 𝛴𝐹𝑥 and 𝑅𝑦 = 𝛴𝐹𝑦


𝑅𝑥 = 𝛴𝐹𝑥 (Assuming to the right forces as positive)
𝑅𝑥 = 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹𝑥 + 𝑄𝑥 − 𝑃𝑥 − 𝑇𝑥 − 𝑆
𝑅𝑥 = 𝛴𝐹𝑥 = 187.94 + 76.60 − 150 − 111.80 − 400 = −𝟑𝟗𝟕. 𝟐𝟔 𝑵 (to the left)

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


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𝑅𝑦 = 𝛴𝐹𝑦 (Assuming upward forces as positive)
𝑅𝑦 = 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹𝑦 + 𝑃𝑦 − 𝑄𝑦 − 𝑇𝑦
𝑅𝑦 = 𝛴𝐹𝑦 = 68.40 + 259.81 − 64.28 − 223.61 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟑𝟐 𝑵 (upward)

The magnitude and direction of the resultant force is


𝑅 = √(𝑅𝑥 )2 + (𝑅𝑦 )2 = √(𝛴𝐹𝑥 )2 + (𝛴𝐹𝑦 )2
𝑅 = √(−397.26)2 + (40.32)2
𝑹 = 𝟒𝟎𝟑. 𝟐𝟗 𝑵 (up to the left)
The position of the line of action of the resultant can be defined by the
tangent function
𝑅𝑦 𝛴𝐹𝑦
tan Ɵ𝑥 = =
𝑅𝑋 𝛴𝐹𝑥
40.32
tan Ɵ𝑥 = 397.26
Ɵ𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0.1749)
Ɵ𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟎°

Hence, the resultant of the given concurrent forces is given below:

2. The resultant of a certain system of forces has the X and Y components


shown. Determine the components of this resultant with respect to N and T
axes rotated 20° clockwise relative to the X and Y axes.

Solution:
Find the magnitude and position of the resultant with the x and y components
shown
𝑅 = √(𝑅𝑥 )2 + (𝑅𝑦 )2 = √(420)2 + (360)2
𝑹 = 𝟓𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟕 𝒍𝒃 (𝒖𝒑 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝑅𝑦 360
tan Ɵ𝑥 = =
𝑅𝑥 420
Ɵ𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝑶

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


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Hence, the resultant makes the position shown with respect to the x and y-axis

Using rotated axis, the components with respect to the new N and T axis
rotated 20° clockwise of the same resultant can now be determined. It is important
to refer the angle with respect to the new axis.

𝑅𝑁 = 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ = 553.17(cos 60.6°)


𝑹𝑵 = 𝟐𝟕𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 𝒍𝒃

𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ = 553.17(sin 60.6°)


𝑹𝑻 = 𝟒𝟖𝟏. 𝟗𝟑 𝒍𝒃

References:
➢ Beer, F. P., Johnston, E. R., Mazurek, D. F., Cornwell, P. J., Self, B. P. (2018).
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics. United Kingdom:
McGraw-Hill Education
➢ Goodno, B. J., Gere, J. (2018). Statics and Mechanics of Materials. United
States: Cengage Learning
➢ Singer, F. L. (1975). Engineering Mechanics. United Kingdom: Harper & Row

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges


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EXERCISE No. 4

Name: _____________________________________ Course/Year: ___________


Instructor: __________________________________ Rating: ________________

Instruction: Answer the following problems.

PROBLEMS:
1. If R is the resultant of P and Q, find P and Q

1. Completely determine the resultant of the given concurrent force system


shown.

College of Engineering and Architecture|Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges

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