S.NO.

TIME SPECIFIC TOPIC TEACHING A V AIDS EVALVATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNING
ACTIVITY
1 3min. Defintion of embryo An embryo is the initial stage of Discussion
development for a multi cellular
organism . in organisms that
reproduce sexually, embryonic
development is the part of the life
cycle that begins just after
fertilization of the female egg cell
by the male sperm cell.
2 2min. Definition of Embryology is the branch of Discussion
embryology biology and medicine concerned
with the study of embryos and
their development.
3 5min. Discuss about Major structure which are Discussion
germinal layer developed from the 3 germinal
layer are as follows:-
1.ECTODERM
2.MESODERM
3.ENDODERM

*Ectoderm – It is the outer most

layer of three germ layer, which
gives rise to numerous outer layers
of the body , including the
epidermis, hair, nails, oral
epithelium , cornea, and olfactory
epithelium .

*Mesoderm – It is the middle

development layer between the
ectoderm and endoderm , which
gives rise to the skeleton, muscle ,
heart , bones ,kidney, spleen ,
genital tract, and peritoneal cavity.

*Endoderm – It is the innermost

layer of the three germ layer in the
very early embryo, which give rise
to epithelial lining of the
gastrointestinal tract, liver ,
gallbladder, mucus membrane of
urinary bladder and urethra.
4 5min. Explain about the *Development proceed in a Explanation
principles of growth cephalo caudal direction .
and development of
fetus *Development proceed from the
basic to the more specialized .

*Development proceed in order to

importance .

5 30min. Explain about the *PRE-EMBRYONIC STAGE Explanation

stages
*EMBRYONIC STAGE
(EMBRYOGENESIS)

*FETAL STAGE
(ORGANOGENESIS)

Pre-embryonic stage :- It begin

with fertilization and occur the
first 2 weeks then after cellular
division and implantation occur
this stage .

1st week development :-

>Cleavage smaller cells from

Blastomere, 2-cells stage , 4-cells
stage , 8 &16 cells stage, morulla
formation and development of
blastocyte.
>After cleavage morula is formed
and the cells in the morula are
binds tightly together is know as
compactation .
>The fluid filled cavity of morulla
is know as blastocoels.
>The process of development of
morula in to blastocyte is known
as blastulation .

2nd week development :-

>Formation of cytotrophoblast:-
trophoblast further differentiates
and invades maternal tissue-
*CYTOTROPHOBLAST –
Trophoblast is further
differentiated into mononuclear
cellular ( Langhans layer)
*SYNCYTOTROPHOBLAST-
Outer multinucleated layer
invasive fused cells derived from
cytotrophoblast.

>Formation of Bilaminar layer:-

* Inner cells mass of blastocyte
differentiate into flattend cells ,
that comes to lie its free surface ,
this is Endoderm .
* Remaining cells of inner cell
mass become columnar , these
cells from the second germ layer
called Ectoderm .
* Now the embryo in the form of
bilaminar germ disc .

>Formation of Amniotic cavity:-

A space appear between the
ectoderm and the trophoblast .

>Formation of primary yolk

sac:-
*Flattend cells arising from the
endoderm spread and line inside
the blastocyte cavity .
* In this way, cavity lined on all
sides by cells of endodermal origin
. the cavity is called as primary
yolk sac .

>Formation of Extra embryonic

mesoderm:-
*The cells of the trophoblast give
rise to a mass of cells , these cells
come to lie between trophoblast
and flattend endodermal cells
lining the yolk sac.
* Ectodermal cells lining amniotic
cavity.
*Separate the wall of amniotic
cavityand yolk sac from the
trophoblast. This mesoderm is
called extra embryonic mesoderm
because it lies outside of
embryonic disc.

>Formation of extra embryonic

coelum:-
*Small cavities appear in the extra
embryonic mesoderm gradually
join ultimately one large space is
formed . this cavity is called Extra
embryonic coelum .

>Formation of connecting
stalk:-
*The developing embryo along
with the amniotic cavity and yolk
sac is now suspended in the extra
embryonic coelum and its
attachment to the blastocyst only
by its unsplit part of the extra
embryonic mesoderm form its
structure called connecting stalk .

>Formation of chorion and

amnion:-
*Chorion is formed by the parietal
extra embryonic mesoderm and the
overlying trophoblast .
*Amnion is constituted by
amniogenic cells forming the wall
of amniotic cavity.

3rd week development

>Formation of primitive streak:-

*At one cellular area near the
margin of the disc , the cubical cell
of endoderm become columnar.
This area is called prochondral
plate.
*soon after the formation of
prochondral plate some of the
endodermal cells lying along the
central axis near the tail and of the
disc begein to proliferate and form
an elevation that bulges into
amniotic cavity , this cells are
called primitive streak.

>Formation of trilaminar germ

layer :-
*Intra embryonic mesoderm
region of primitive streak pass
sideway pushing themselves
between endoderm and ectoderm.
These cells form a intra embryonic
mesoderm , which is third germ
layer.
>Formation of Notochord:-
*Cranial end of primitive streak
become thickened called primitive
knot, a depression appear in the
center of the primitive knot called
blastopore,than the cells in a
primitive knot multiply and pass
cranially in middle line , reaching
up to the caudal margin of the
prochondral plate, these cells form
a solid rod known as Notochord
process this process goes several
stages of rearrangement ending in
the formation of solid rod called
Notochord .

>Formation of cloacal
mamebrene:-
An area caudal (tail) to primitive
streak where the ectoderm remain
in contact.
Here the mesoderm dose not
separate the ectoderm and
endoderm .this region later form as
cloacal membrane.

>Formation of neural tube:-

*Ectoderm over lying the
notochord became thickend to
form neural plate
*Neural plate converted to neural
groove and then to neural tube
neural tube give rise to brain and
spinal cord.
Subdivision of intra embryonic
mesoderm
*The intra embryonic mesoderm
now become sub divided into three
part:-
a) Mesoderm,on ether side of the
notochord ,become thicked and is
called the paraxial mesoderm.
b) The mesoderm form a thinker
layer called the lateral plate
mesoderm.
c) Between this two , there is a
longitudinal strip called
intermediate mesoderm

>Formation of somites:-
*The paraxial mesoderm now
become segmented into cubical
masses called somitomere ,which
give rise to somites form dermis
skeletal muscles vertebnal column
and ribs

>Formation of the intra

embryonic coelum:-
*while the paraxial mesoderm is
undergoing segmentet to form the
somites, changes are also
occurring in the lateral plate
mesoderm small cavities in it .
*these coalesce to form one large
cavity called intra embryonic
coelum .these cavity has a shape of
a horse shoe.

>Formation of secondary
yolksac:-
*With the formation of extra
embryonic mesoderm and later
extra embryonic coelum , the yolk
sac become much smaller , it come
to be lined all around by cubical
cells and it is then called
secondary yolk sac .

4th week development

*There is progressive increase in

the size of the embryonic disc. The
head and tail end of the disc (x,y)
however remain relatively closed
together .
*Hence the increased length of the
disc causes it to buldge upwords in
the amniotic cavity.
* With further enlargement the
embryonic disc become folded on
it self at the head and tails end ,
these are called head and tail
folds .
*With the formation of head and
tail part of the yolk sac become
enclosed with in embryo. In this
way ,a tube is lined by endoderm
is formed known as primitive gut .
as a result changes in yolk sac
become small and termed as
Definitive yolk sac .

5th week development

>Formation of umbilical cord:-

*As a embryo grows, the area of
the attachment of the connecting
stalk to become relatively smaller,
gradually this attachment is seen
only near the cordal end of the
embryonic disc
* With the formation of the head
the tail fold the attachment of
connective stalk moves to the
ventral aspect of the embryo . it is
now attach to the region of the
umbilical opening .by now bloos
vessels development in the embryo
and also in placental .
*These sites of blood vessles are in
communication by mans of arteries
and veins passing through
connective stalk .
*At first there are 2 artery and
2veins in the connective stalk but
later the right vein disappear.