MHT-CET NOTES

13. Ac circuit

Introduction

Current:"The rate of flow of charge

called as current."
charge
1.2
Current =
Time

... I
=
I
Unit: ampere (A)
 Ajay Dubey sir

classification of Current
N mm
↓
with
SAC Curren 2DC curren
--
+3
unn

e IR
Ohm's Law: v IR Also
=
=

where since
v: Potential e V
=

I:current

R:Resistance

21 car -
# CHAPTER STARTS FROM HERE:

# Ac Generator:
current
generator
of which produces Ac

called as AC generator.
Ajay Dubey sir

# Ac circuits:
"As circuits are simplycircuits powered
current."
by
an alternating
Current 99 Flow 9SE I 193
70
Mae Circuit 94 MGRd YS33C
AC Circuit5595
# Ac Current
"It's Alternating
i t's
current magnitude
"

and direction varies w.r.t time

Io sinct
G. equation:I =

Ajay Dubey sir

OR
e eosinot
=

current
of
Measurement
AC

&
star-
&

sitaryat Average value

Farg, earg)
RMs

(Irms,
value

erms)
Average Value:
#

value of current:
* Find Average
b
9. Formula
-

<f)
=
↓ dx Ajay Dubey sir

")dx
sation:

<I )
=

do sing
e
①
< Is
IoT)odo
=

E(coso]
=

10(COS(0)
=
-

(OSπ)

(1))
(1
-

10 2
+
=

<I) Fa
=

i. [I]
= 0.63710
 0.637I0 Ajay Dubey sir
Targ
=

some
method to find
earg
#ste: Follow

value:FOR current
# RMS

G formula Irms =

Solutions

[I27 I
Ido- ioido
[0].
·
"I do
: <IY
IRCTs
=

soe
=

2cy) 0520) d0

pF-
(110520)d

=E2F00 Tco]
-

E((x [50]]
-
MHT-CET NOTES
 =

[(x 0] -

=
E0 x0

(12)
P
=

IEiF.
... Irms

Ajay Dubey sir

I

..
Irms

= 0.707I0
①
Irms
..
//
 Use same method to find erms
#ote:

# phasors: "

time
with
"Rotating Vector which varying

# Different types of AC circuits:

- r #

-
~
~

cosinct e= eosinct e cosinct

=

e =
 R L C
#
nood 11

Ajay Dubey sir

e = cosinct

behavious of
Note: we
Note
are
checking
different components Applying
by AC.

i) construct circuit
steps:
2) Find by
I using e

phasor relation, phasor diagram,

Graph
3)
4) Find opposition R, XL, XC
 5) compare opposition with frequency.

Apply to a Resistor
# AC
R
↑

---

e = eosinnot Ajay Dubey sir

Now

We have an equ

e = eosinct
 We car write

sinwt
8 E =

I sinwt
:
I=

far phase relation

Now

e = Cosinnt
I Isinwt
=

There is no
lag bette and I

Now odiagram
r

="
 x e
aph: c

↑ t
(e)I) I

v Ajay Dubey sir

Now T8
-
=

-
..
z= P

R
=>
is independent w (Ang.
of
frequency),
 to Inductor:
Asp
#

Gard

-a

e = eosinct

We know that

e
1di
=

edt = Ldi
 the
both sides
integrating on

: Seosinweat= Sidi

· Co Jsinwtdt =Lfdi
LI Ajay Dubey sir
ut)
=

·= 2( -

zil cosut]
*
-
I
=

·.

·
I E ( sin(E
=
- -

wt)]
& 8
MHT-CET NOTES
 &
I
= 10 sin (Wt -E)
-

Now phase Relation

e = eosinct

Io sin (wt )
-

:I
=

Here a leads current

Ajay Dubey sir

phasox diagram

eL
7
IL
 1
Graph: - e

t
(e/I)
<
I
2

Now to find opposition

have 2πRL
We

I0 = proportiv
directly
Hove X2 is
=>
=
.
WL = cral to frequency (n).
· 70

⑧ wL XL =

·8
Ajay Dubey sir
# Ac to
apply capacitor:
C

eosinot -
(i)
e =

We know that

a cV
=

Ajay Dubey sir

A/s0
 ce
a =

:9 = ceosinct

above can w.r.t time (t)

Now diff.

:da pepsinut =

I
ceowcosut
=

:
I
= In sin (I + nt) -

(2)
 from (i) and (2)

We get
I leads
Ia

diagram
pao -

ec

-aphi M e I

↓
- #

(e/I) >t

Ajay Dubey sir

 Now for opposition
I0 = clow

..ac 2
=

.
wc =
XC

:znc xc
=

proportional
inversely
=> We get capacitor is

to frequency.
# AC Applyto LCR
-
C
R
·I mu
I

-
28 x xc
2L
=

10 #

e= eosinnt eR

ec
circuit) Ref.diagram
(LCR
Ref. Diagram
using
By

Applying P.G.T

252 (2 ec)2
=
-
+

2pz
Ajay Dubey sir
:e
2p2
=
+
i.e FXC)"+(IoR)
=

:20 =
x
xcz R2 i
- +

:20 =

10
(XL xc)2 -

..
E (xi
=

xc)2 -

.. z
(x
=

xc)2 -

Now to find
 . F.,
unpzny and
④ses: If X2>XC puzely Inductive
If xc> X2 Purely capacitive
If x2 xc
=
PurelyResistive

Ajay Dubey sir

 LC Oscillations:
The electric current and the charge on the

in the circuit undergo electrical

capacitor
1c oscillations when a charged capacitor
connected
is to an Inductor.
L
- - -
->
->
vX 1 X 1
X

#=
-E
#
- -
2 </
X vX

#I +I
# electric
Resonance

Two types
1) series Resonance circuit

Parallel Resonance circuit

2)

Series Resonance circuit:

C ④
L

-11 m

e= cosinnot

Ajay Dubey sir

MHT-CET NOTES
 We know that

z
(x
=
xc)2 -

For Resonance

Xi xa=

:w c
=

=
... w2
LC

E
=
i W

-'. ext
 d
s

⑧
M
= &
Resonant
frequency

SERIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF ROSONANCE
CIRCUIT

1) x2 xC
=

for Resonance

ii)
n f
Resonantfrequency =

0
=

Impedance minimum
is
iii)

iv) current has maximum values.

Ajay Dubey sir

# Parallel Resonance circuit

↑
I2

-I
IX TC C
-

Neal
I=Io sin (Wt-E)
Ic to sin
= (not +
E)
: Total current
 I IL Ic
=
+

&
↑

⑧
I Issin (W+
=
-

E) Iosin(W+
+

E)
+

⑨
I IPGcoswt)
=
+

Foc (cost
5

..
·
I
(
+
-

cosut) +
e Ccost

-> excosnt(= -

ic)
I 20cosnt(I Fc)
=
-

: I =
ecosn't[
-

wc]
we can write

- wc (ifImin)
=

& = WC
WL

w2
tc
· =

..

= w

w e
=

Ajay Dubey sir

.
 :n
st
=

CHARACTERISTICS OF PARALLEL RESONANCE:

1) xc XC
=

2) Resonant frequencyn tc=

3) Current
minimum

4) Impedance maximum
# POWER IN AC CIRCUITS: (Resistance

we can write
&
# POWER ININDUCTOR:

Ajay Dubey sir

# POWER IN CAPACITOR:
·
 POWERINLCR
# Average
-

X
Ajay Dubey sir
# sharpness of Resonance:9 factor

It defined
is
ratio
asthe of
the
potential drop across

to the
Inductor of capacitor
potential drop across the

Resistor.

factorEvon
..

- - -
 :9 factor
=
π Ajay Dubey sir

a: "It isa dimensionless quantity."

COIL:
# CHOKE
Inductance coil of very small
"An
current
resistance used for controlling
in an as circuit."

&
MHT-CET NOTES